WordNet
- a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet (同)pamphlet
- an extended area of land (同)piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel
- a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
- a drawing created by superimposing a semitransparent sheet of paper on the original image and copying on it the lines of the original image (同)trace
- the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline
- the discovery and description of the course of development of something; "the tracing of genealogies"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 広大な土地(地域),(土地・海・空などの)広がり《+of+名》 / (器官の)管,(神経の)索
- (おもに宗教・政治などの宣伝用の)小冊子,パンフレット
- 跡を追うこと,追跡;透写,複写 / 〈C〉 / 透写(複写)によってできたもの(地図・図案など),透写図
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/16 15:06:21」(JST)
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| Rubrospinal tract |
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| Rubrospinal tract is labeled in red on the left of the diagram. |
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| Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories (Rubrospinal tract not labeled, but red nucleus visible near center) |
| Latin |
tractus rubrospinalis |
| Gray's |
subject #192 870 |
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2011) |
The rubrospinal tract is a part of the nervous system. It is a part of the lateral indirect extra-pyramidal tract.
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Contents
- 1 Function
- 2 Path
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
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Function
In humans, the rubrospinal tract is one of several major motor control pathways. It is smaller and has fewer axons than the corticospinal tract, suggesting that it is less important in motor control. It is one of the pathways for the mediation of voluntary movement. The tract is responsible for large muscle movement as well as fine motor control, and it terminates primarily in the cervical spinal cord, suggesting that it functions in upper limb but not in lower limb control. It primarily facilitates flexion in the upper extremities (see decorticate posture).
It is small and rudimentary in humans. In some other primates, however, experiments have shown that over time, the rubrospinal tract can assume almost all the duties of the corticospinal tract when the corticospinal tract is lesioned.
Path
In the midbrain, it originates in the magnocellular red nucleus, crosses to the other side of the midbrain, and descends in the lateral part of the brainstem tegmentum.[1]
In the spinal cord, it travels through the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord in the company of the lateral corticospinal tract.
See also
References
- ^ http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter02.html
External links
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Anatomy of torso (primarily): the spinal cord (TA 14.1.02, GA 9.749)
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| External, dorsal |
Posterior median sulcus · Posterolateral sulcus
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Grey matter/
Rexed laminae |
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I–VI: Posterior horn
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I: Marginal nucleus · II: Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando · III+IV: Nucleus proprius · Spinal lamina V · Spinal lamina VI
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VII: Lateral horn
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Intermediolateral nucleus · Posterior thoracic nucleus
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VIII–IX: Anterior horn
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Interneuron · Alpha motor neuron (Onuf's nucleus)
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X: Other
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Central gelatinous substance · Gray commissure
Central canal · Terminal ventricle
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| White matter |
somatic/
ascending
(blue) |
Posterior/PCML: touch: Gracile · Cuneate
Lateral: proprioception: Spinocerebellar (Dorsal, Ventral) · pain/temp: Spinothalamic (Lateral, Anterior) · Posterolateral (Lissauer) · Spinotectal
Spinoreticular tract · Spino-olivary tract
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Lateral: Corticospinal (Lateral) · Ep (Rubrospinal, Olivospinal)
Anterior: Corticospinal (Anterior) · Ep (Vestibulospinal, Reticulospinal, Tectospinal)
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both
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Anterior white commissure
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| External, ventral |
Anterior median fissure · Anterolateral sulcus
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| External, general |
Cervical enlargement · Lumbar enlargement · Conus medullaris · Filum terminale · Cauda equina
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anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
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Sensory/
ascending |
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PCML
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1°: Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
2°: → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
3°: → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
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Anterolateral/
pain
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Fast/lateral
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1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° ( Spinotectal tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
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Slow/medial
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1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
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Motor/
descending |
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Pyramidal
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flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
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Extrapyramidal
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flexion: Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
flexion: Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
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Basal ganglia
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direct: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
indirect: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
nigrostriatal pathway: Pars compacta → Striatum
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| Cerebellar |
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Afferent
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Vestibular nucleus → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
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Efferent
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Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nucleus
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Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar
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Unc. prop.
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lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
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Reflex arc
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lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° ( Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
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anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Evidence for long-lasting subcortical facilitation by transcranial direct current stimulation in the cat.
- Bolzoni F, Pettersson LG, Jankowska E.SourceE. Jankowska: Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Medicinaregatan 11, Box 432, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. elzbieta.jankowska@physiol.gu.se.
- The Journal of physiology.J Physiol.2013 Jul 1;591(Pt 13):3381-99. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.244764. Epub 2013 Mar 18.
- Abstract The main aim of the study was to examine the effects of transcranial polarization on neurons in two descending motor systems, rubro- and reticulospinal. Anodal DC current was applied through an electrode in contact with the skull over the contralateral sensori-motor cortex, against an el
- PMID 23507876
- Dorsolateral funiculus lesioning of the mouse cervical spinal cord at c4 but not at c6 results in sustained forelimb motor deficits.
- Hilton BJ, Assinck P, Duncan GJ, Lu D, Lo S, Tetzlaff W.Source1 Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .
- Journal of neurotrauma.J Neurotrauma.2013 Jun 15;30(12):1070-83. doi: 10.1089/neu.2012.2734.
- Abstract Although upper extremity functional recovery is a high priority for spinal cord injured patients with cervical injuries, few injury models have been developed in mice with sustained deficits in forelimb motor function. Here, we characterize a dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) crush model in mice
- PMID 23517185
Japanese Journal
- 実験的脊髄損傷におけるedaravoneの有用性の検討 : 運動機能回復と軸索保護作用について
- 籬 拓郎,栗栖 薫,山口 智,岡崎 貴仁,武田 正明
- 脊髄外科 : 日本脊髄外科研究会機関誌 19(4), 315-320, 2005-12
- … To investigate protective effect of edaravone on axons, we evaluated the preservation of rubrospinal tract by counting red nucleus (RN) cells labeled retrogradely from lumbar spinal cord with fluorescent tracer. …
- NAID 110003488722
- 実験的脊髄損傷におけるedaravoneの有用性の検討:―運動機能回復と軸索保護作用について―
- 籬 拓郎,栗〓 薫,山口 智,岡崎 貴仁,武田 正明
- 脊髄外科 19(4), 315-320, 2005
- … To investigate protective effect of edaravone on axons, we evaluated the preservation of rubrospinal tract by counting red nucleus (RN) cells labeled retrogradely from lumbar spinal cord with fluorescent tracer. …
- NAID 130004941575
Related Links
- The rubrospinal tract arises from cells in the caudal part of the red nucleus, an encapsulated cell group in the midbrain tegmentum. Fibres of this tract decussate at midbrain levels, descend in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord ...
- rubrospinal tract Type: Term Definitions: 1. a somatotopically organized fiber bundle, relatively small in humans, arising from the red nucleus, immediately crossing in the ventral tegmental decussation, and descending near the lateral ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- descending tract (B)
- 関
- 伝導路、上行性伝導路
下行性伝導路
- 皮質延髄路
- 皮質脊髄路
- 前皮質脊髄路
- 外側皮質脊髄路
- 皮質赤核脊髄路
- 皮質網様体脊髄路
- 視蓋延髄路 視蓋脊髄路
- 前庭脊髄路
- オリーブ脊髄路
外側路と内側路
SP.363
伝導路 (TP.101)
[★]
- 英
- rubrospinal tract
- ラ
- tractus rubrospinalis
- 同
- モナコフ束, Monakow bundle, Monakow's fasciculus
- 関
- 赤核
[★]
- 関
- chase、follow up、follow-up、pursue、pursuit、trace
[★]
- 関
- tractus