関: foramen rotundum

WordNet

wind around; move along a circular course; "round the bend"
become round, plump, or shapely; "The young woman is fleshing out" (同)flesh out, fill out
make round; "round the edges" (同)round_out, round_off
the usual activities in your day; "the doctor made his rounds" (同)daily round
a charge of ammunition for a single shot (同)unit of ammunition, one shot
(often plural) a series of professional calls (usually in a set order); "the doctor goes on his rounds first thing every morning"; "the postmans rounds"; "we enjoyed our round of the local bars"
a serving to each of a group (usually alcoholic); "he ordered a second round" (同)round of drinks
a partsong in which voices follow each other; one voice starts and others join in one after another until all are singing different parts of the song at the same time; "they enjoyed singing rounds" (同)troll
a cut of beef between the rump and the lower leg
an outburst of applause; "there was a round of applause"
the course along which communications spread; "the story is going the rounds in Washington"
from beginning to end; throughout; "It rains all year round on Skye"; "frigid weather the year around" (同)around
having a circular shape (同)circular
pronounce with rounded lips (同)labialize, labialise
(mathematics) expressed to the nearest integer, ten, hundred, or thousand; "in round numbers"
(mathematics) a miscalculation that results from rounding off numbers to a convenient number of decimals; "the error in the calculation was attributable to rounding"; "taxes are rounded off to the nearest dollar but the rounding error is surprisingly small" (同)rounding error
a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure (同)hiatus
marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude (同)foraminifer
curving and somewhat round in shape rather than jagged; "low rounded hills"; "rounded shoulders"

PrepTutorEJDIC

…『を[ぐるっと]回って』,を一周して / …『を曲がって』 / …『の周囲に』,を取り巻いて / …『のあちこちに』,の辺りに / …『ころ』 / (ぐるりと)回って,巡って / 周囲が(に) / あちこち[に],方々[に];行き渡って / 回り道して / (ある場所へ)回って / 『球状の』,丸い / (タイヤ・輪のように)円形の,丸い / (断面の丸い)円筒(円錐)形の / (肩・筆跡などが)丸みのある,丸々とした / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(数量が)完全の,ちょうどの / 『丸い物』;円,輪;球,円筒形 / (中心・軸をまわる)『回転』,(天体の)回転運動 / 《しばしば複数形で》(職務上などの)巡回,見回り / 《単数形で》(行い・でき事の一つの)連続;繰り返り;(…が)ひとしきり続くこと《+『of』+『名』》 / (ボクシングの一勝負の中の)『ラウンド』,回,(ゴルフデ全部のホールを回る)ラウンド,(カードゲームの)一回り / 輪唱 / (銃砲の)1回の射撃,一斉射撃 / (射撃用弾薬の)1回分 / (牛のもも肉の)丸切り,(パンの)丸切り《+『of』+『名』》 / 輪舞,円舞 / …‘を'『丸くする』,‘に'丸みをつける / …‘を'『回る』,曲がる / 〈端数をもつ数字〉‘を'端数を切り捨てて(概数で)表す《+『down』+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …‘を'完成する,仕上げる / …‘を'くちびるを丸くして発音する / 『丸くなる』 / 回る,曲る / 完成する
(骨・植物などの)孔(こう),開口

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/31 02:42:48」(JST)

wiki en

The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa.

Structure

The foramen rotundum is one of the several circular apertures (the foramina) located in the base of the skull, in the anterior and medial part of the sphenoid bone.

The mean area of the foramina rotunda is not considerable, which may suggest that they play a minor role in the dynamics of blood circulation in the venous system of the head.^[1]

Development

The foramen rotundum evolves in shape throughout the fetal period, and from birth to adolescence. It achieves a perfect ring-shaped formation in the fetus after the 4th fetal month. It is mostly oval-shaped in the fetal period, and round-shaped after birth (generally speaking). After birth, the rotundum is about 2.5 mm and in 15- to 17-year olds about 3 mm in length. The average diameter of the foramen rotundum in adults is 3.55 mm. This was according to a developmental study published in The Hokkaido Journal of Medical Science on the foramen ovale, the foramen spinosum and the foramen rotundum, and according to a study about the postnatal enlargement of the foramina rotundum, ovale and spinosum and their topographical changes published in the Anatomischer Anzeiger.^[2]^[3]

Function

The maxillary branch (V₂) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) passes through and exits the skull via the pterygopalatine fossa and the foramen rotundum.

History

Etymology

Foramen is the Latin term designating a hole-like opening. It derives from the Latin forare meaning to bore or perforate. Here, the opening is round as indicated by the Latin rotundum meaning round.

Additional images

Sphenoid bone. Upper and posterior surfaces. |
Horizontal section of nasal and orbital cavities.
Medial wall of left orbit. The lowest label among those at upper right of the image reads Probe in foramen rotundum.
Foramen rotundum
Labeled image of interior skull base.

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

^ Reymond J, Charuta A, Wysocki J (2005). "The morphology and morphometry of the foramina of the greater wing of the human sphenoid bone". Folia Morphologica 64 (3): 188–93. PMID 16228954.
^ Yanagi S (1987). "Developmental studies on the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale and foramen spinosum of the human sphenoid bone". The Hokkaido Journal of Medical Science 62 (3): 485–96. PMID 3610040.
^ Lang J, Maier R, Schafhauser O (1984). "Postnatal enlargement of the foramina rotundum, ovale et spinosum and their topographical changes". Anatomischer Anzeiger 156 (5): 351–87. PMID 6486466.

External links

Anatomy photo:22:os-0905 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V)
Superior view of the base of the skull at winona.edu

UpToDate Contents

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1. 軟部および骨肉腫の病原因子 pathogenetic factors in soft tissue and bone sarcomas
2. 卵円孔開存 patent foramen ovale
3. 小児における孤立性心房中隔欠損の臨床的特徴および分類 classification and clinical features of isolated atrial septal defects in children
4. 成人における心房中隔異常（PFO、ASD、およびASA）および脳塞栓症のリスク atrial septal abnormalities pfo asd and asa and risk of cerebral emboli in adults
5. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の病態生理および臨床的特徴 pathophysiology and clinical features of atrial septal defects in adults

English Journal

Expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1, in the development of periapical lesions.

Wang L1, Sun Z, Liu L, Peng B.Author information 1Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.AbstractAIM: To investigate the expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1, in the development of periapical lesions induced in rats and explore the possible role of these substances in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions.
International endodontic journal.Int Endod J.2014 Mar;47(3):271-9. doi: 10.1111/iej.12143. Epub 2013 Jul 6.
AIM: To investigate the expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1, in the development of periapical lesions induced in rats and explore the possible role of these substances in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions.METHODOLOGY: Periapical lesions in mandibular first molar teeth were established
PMID 23829599

Embryology, classification, and surgical management of bony malformations of the craniovertebral junction.

Pang D1, Thompson DN.Author information 1Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, pangtv@aol.com.AbstractThe embryology of the bony craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is reviewed with the purpose of explaining the genesis and unusual configurations of the numerous congenital malformations in this region. Functionally, the bony CVJ can be divided into a central pillar consisting of the basiocciput and dental pivot; and a two-tiered ring revolving round the central pivot, comprising the foramen magnum rim and occipital condyles above, and the atlantal ring below. Embryologically, the central pillar and the surrounding rings descend from different primordia, and accordingly, developmental anomalies at the CVJ can also be segregated into those affecting the central pillar and the surrounding rings, respectively. A logical classification of this seemingly unwieldy group of malformations is thus possible based on their ontogenetic lineage, morbid anatomy, and clinical relevance. Representative examples of the main constituents of this classification scheme are given, and their surgical treatments are selectively discussed.
Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery.Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg.2014;40:19-109. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-01065-6_2.
The embryology of the bony craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is reviewed with the purpose of explaining the genesis and unusual configurations of the numerous congenital malformations in this region. Functionally, the bony CVJ can be divided into a central pillar consisting of the basiocciput and denta
PMID 24265043

Three-dimensional analysis of foramen magnum and its adjacent structures.

Göçmez C1, Göya C, Hamidi C, Kamaşak K, Yilmaz T, Turan Y, Uzar E, Ceviz A.Author information 1From the *Departments of Neurosurgery, †Radiology, and ‡Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.AbstractThe goal of this effort is to evaluate the anatomy of the foramen magnum (FM) using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT), and determine whether or not the anatomical features of vascular structures and condylar foramen (CF) affect the types of FM.The CT angiography records of 101 patients (44 men and 57 women) were retrospectively examined in this study. Details of the FM, CF, and the vertebral and basilar arteries were examined using maximum intensity projection and 3D rendering images. The average age of the 101 patients was 45.28 ± 16.3 years. The 8 types of FM, in order of their frequency of occurrence, are as follows: round (19 cases; 18.8%), 2 semicircles (18; 17.8%), egg-shaped (15; 14.9%), hexagonal (14; 13.9%), tetragonal (11; 10.9%), oval (11; 10.9%), pentagonal (9; 8.9%), and irregular (4; 4%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the anatomical features of the vertebral and basilar arteries and the CF with the different types of FM (P ≥ 0.05). In our study, the diameter of the anteroposterior (AP) FM was 34.7 ± 3.6 mm, and the transverse (T) diameter was 29.5 ± 2.5 mm. The AP and T diameters were significantly higher in men than in women (P = 0.006 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively).Our study revealed that 3D CT is a safe and easy method for visualizing the anatomical structure of the FM and neighboring structures. Furthermore, this study was the first to demonstrate that there is no correlation between the 8 types of FM and the vertebral artery, basilar artery, and CF.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery.J Craniofac Surg.2014 Jan;25(1):93-7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182a2ea10.
The goal of this effort is to evaluate the anatomy of the foramen magnum (FM) using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT), and determine whether or not the anatomical features of vascular structures and condylar foramen (CF) affect the types of FM.The CT angiography records of 101 patients (44 m
PMID 24240768

Japanese Journal

上顎洞癌の治療

西野宏
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 108(3), 163-173, 2015
… Among patients with middle skull base involvement, local recurrence of carcinoma in the base of the skull occurred in 1 of the 9 patients with invasion to the round foramen, 1 of the 3 patients with invasion to the oval foramen and 2 of the 3 patients with invasion of the the lacerate foramen. …
NAID 130004827524

後方+前方アプローチで切除した,胸腔内ダンベル型神経鞘腫の1手術例

古市基彦,村松高,西井竜彦,石本真一郎,諸岡宏明,塩野元美
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 27(7), 822-825, 2013-11-15
症例は37歳，女性．腰痛を主訴に近医を受診．腰椎X線検査にて偶然，下肺野に腫瘤影を認めたため，当院呼吸器外科に紹介された．胸部X線写真で左下肺野に約9 cmの境界明瞭円形の腫瘤陰影を認め，胸部CTおよびMRIにて第9椎間孔から椎体を破壊し脊柱管内に伸展する，ダンベル型の腫瘍を認めた．腫瘍は脊髄硬膜内には伸展しておらず，中枢に近い肋間神経から発生した神経鞘腫と考えられた．手術は一期的にまず後方より神 …
NAID 10031203503

嚢胞腔内に小石灰化粒を認めた甲状舌管嚢胞の1例

須賀則幸,馬越誠之,奥結香 [他],重松久夫,田中陽一,坂下英明
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 59(12), 776-780, 2013
… Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) generally arises from the remnant of the thyroglossal duct that connects the foramen cecum of the tongue to the thyroid gland. … Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also showed a demarcated and round cystic mass with a diameter of 2 cm. …
NAID 130004793871

Related Pictures

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関連記事	「round」「foramen」

「round」

Foramen rotundum of Sphenoid
	Sphenoid bone. Upper surface. (Foramen rotundum labeled at center left)
	Base of the skull. Upper surface. Sphenoid is yellow, and arrows indicate the foramen rotundum.)
Details
Latin	foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis
Identifiers
Gray's	p.150
Dorlands; /Elsevier	f_12/12373564
TA	A02.1.05.035
FMA	FMA:53154
	Anatomical terms of bone