refine

• v.

• 精製する、洗練させる、精巧にする

関

cleanup、exquisite、exquisitely、purification、purify、refinement、smart、sophisticated、sophistication

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; "refine paper stock"; "refine pig iron"; "refine oil"
2. attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or validity by polishing or purifying; "many valuable nutrients are refined out of the foods in our modern diet"
3. make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of; "refine a method of analysis"; "refine the constant in the equation"
4. reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; "refine sugar" (同)rectify
5. showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness
6. a kind of pain such as that caused by a wound or a burn or a sore (同)smarting, smartness
7. capable of independent and apparently intelligent action; "smart weapons"
8. painfully severe; "he gave the dog a smart blow"
9. quick and brisk; "I gave him a smart salute"; "we walked at a smart pace"
10. the quality or character of being intellectually sophisticated and worldly through cultivation or experience or disillusionment (同)worldliness, mundaneness, mundanity
11. falsification by the use of sophistry; misleading by means of specious fallacies; "he practiced the art of sophistication upon reason"
12. being expert or having knowledge of some technical subject; "understanding affine transformations requires considerable mathematical sophistication"
13. become clean or pure or free of guilt and sin; "The hippies came to the ashram in order to purify"
14. make pure or free from sin or guilt; "he left the monastery purified" (同)purge, sanctify
15. remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation; "purify the water" (同)sublimate, make pure, distill
16. of extreme beauty; "her exquisite face"
17. intense or sharp; "suffered exquisite pain"; "felt exquisite pleasure" (同)keen
18. lavishly elegant and refined (同)recherche
19. intellectually appealing; "a sophisticated drama"
20. having or appealing to those having worldly knowledge and refinement and savoir-faire; "sophisticated young socialites"; "a sophisticated audience"; "a sophisticated lifestyle"; "a sophisticated book"
21. the quality of excellence in thought and manners and taste; "a man of intellectual refinement"; "he is remembered for his generosity and civilization" (同)civilization, civilisation
22. the result of improving something; "he described a refinement of this technique" (同)elaboration
23. one whose work is to refine a specific thing; "he was a sugar refiner"
24. an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance
25. (used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel; "she was delicate and refined and unused to hardship"; "refined people with refined taste"
26. freed from impurities by processing; "refined sugar"; "refined oil"; "to gild refined gold"- Shakespeare (同)processed
27. the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.) (同)refinement, purification

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. …‘を'『精製する』,精錬する / 〈言葉・態度など〉‘を'『洗練する』,上品にする,優雅にする
2. (頭の働きが)機敏な,気のきいた,抜け目のない;悪知恵が働く;(動作が)機敏な,てきぱきした(lively)・現代風の,流行の(fashionable) ・(人・服装などが)きちんとした,いきな,スマートな・ずきんとくる,厳しい,激しい・〈物事が〉ずきんとこたえる・〈傷口などが〉(…が原因で)ずきずき痛む,うずく《+『from』+『名』》・(…で)〈人が〉ずきんと心が痛む《+『from』(『under』)+『名』》・(心・傷口などの)鋭い痛み,うずき《+『of』+『名』(do『ing』)》
3. 世間ずれ,世慣れ / 洗練された考え方;高尚な好み / 詭弁(きべん)を用いること / (機械・方式などの)複雑さ
4. (…を除いて)…‘を'清める,きれいにする,浄化する《+『名』+『of』+『名』》;(…から)…‘を'除いてきれいにする《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / きれいになる
5. 『絶妙な』,精巧な / (苦痛・快感などが)強烈な / (感受性が)鋭敏で洗練された
6. 『世慣れた』,世間ずれした,純真でない / 洗練された,気のきいた / (機械・方式などが)極めて複雑な,精巧な
7. 〈U〉精製,精錬 / 〈U〉洗練,上品,優雅 / 〈C〉改良点,工夫 / 〈C〉(…の)極致《+『of』+『名』》
8. 精製(精錬)業者 / 精製(精錬)機 / みがきをかける人
9. 精製所;精錬所
10. 『精製した』,精錬された・優雅な・微妙な・『洗練された』,上品な,優雅な(elegant);《時に軽べつして》お上品な,手の込んだ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/10 15:19:00」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Refining (also perhaps called by the mathematical term affining) is the process of purification of a (1) substance or a (2) form. The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. For instance, most types of natural petroleum will burn straight from the ground, but it will burn poorly and quickly clog an engine with residues and by-products. The term is broad, and may include more drastic transformations, such as the reduction of ore to metal (for which see Refining (metallurgy)).

The refining of liquids is often accomplished by distillation or fractionation. Gases can be refined in this way as well, by being cooled and/or compressed until they liquefy. Gases and liquids can also be refined by extraction with a selective solvent that dissolves away either the substance of interest, or the unwanted impurities.

Many solids can be refined by growing crystals in a solution of the impure material; the regular structure of the crystal tends to favor the desired material and exclude other kinds of particles.

Chemical reactions are often used to remove impurities of particular types.

The use of silicon and other semiconductors in electronics depends on precise control of impurities. The zone melting process developed by William Gardner Pfann was used to produce pure germanium, and subsequently float-zone silicon became available when Henry Theuerer of Bell Labs adapted Pfann's method to silicon.

Types of materials that are usually refined:

• metals - see Refining (metallurgy)
• petroleum
• silicon
• sugar
• table salt
• vegetable oil
• air

See also

• Continuous distillation
• Natural gas processing
• Oil refinery
• Refinery
• Refining (metallurgy)
• Wafer (electronics)
• Air separation

UpToDate Contents

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Japanese Journal

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Related Links

• refineの意味・使い方｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

肌の調子 ｛ちょうし｝ をよくする、肌を磨く ・Drinking water is the cheapest thing you can do to refine your skin tone. : 水を飲むのが肌の調子を良くするのに一番安い方法です。

• refine（リファイン）の意味 - goo国語辞書

リファイン【refine】とは。意味や解説、類語。[名](スル)洗練すること。また、精製すること。「リファインされたスタイル」 - goo国語辞書は30万語以上を収録。政治・経済・医学・ITなど、最新用語の追加も定期的に行っています。

• 白髪染めで髪色やさしく美しく|ヘアケア専門店 レフィーネ公式 ...

レフィーネ(Refine)の白髪染めカラートリートメント・スカルプケア製品の【公式オンラインストア】。レフィーネは美しく染まり頭皮に優しい白髪染めカラートリートメント・美髪コスメ・頭皮ケア・育毛剤やシャンプー ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「exquisite」「洗練」「精製」「smart」「purify」
拡張検索	「refinement」「Rietveld refinement」「refinery」
関連記事	「refined」

「exquisite」

　　[★]

ex-(強意)+-quisite(探し求められた)=十分に探し求められた

• adj.

• (ほめて)このうえなくすぐれた、優雅な、立派な、申し分のない、すばらしい、美しい
• (正式)(痛み・喜びなどが)強烈な
• (正式)(感覚などが)鋭敏な

• n.

関

exquisitely, refine

　 　 　 　

「洗練」

　　[★]

英

refinement、sophistication、refine、sophisticated、smart

関

精製、精巧、改良、緻密化、賢い

「精製」

　　[★]

英

purification、refinement、cleanup、purify、refine

関

洗練、精巧、改良、緻密化、純化

「smart」

　　[★]

• 洗練された、賢い

関

refine、refinement、sophisticated、sophistication

　 　 　 　 　 　

「purify」

　　[★]

• 精製する、純化する

関

cleanup、purification、refine、refinement

　 　 　 　

「refinement」

　　[★]

• 精製、洗練、改良、緻密化

関

cleanup、improvement、purification、purify、refine、smart、sophisticated、sophistication

　 　 　

「Rietveld refinement」

　　[★]

リートベルト法

関

least squares、least-squares analysis

「refinery」

　　[★]

• 精製所、精油所

　 　

「refined」

　　[★]

• 微細な

関

fine