WordNet

the quality of excellence in thought and manners and taste; "a man of intellectual refinement"; "he is remembered for his generosity and civilization" (同)civilization, civilisation
the result of improving something; "he described a refinement of this technique" (同)elaboration
showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness
a kind of pain such as that caused by a wound or a burn or a sore (同)smarting, smartness
capable of independent and apparently intelligent action; "smart weapons"
painfully severe; "he gave the dog a smart blow"
quick and brisk; "I gave him a smart salute"; "we walked at a smart pace"
treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; "refine paper stock"; "refine pig iron"; "refine oil"
attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or validity by polishing or purifying; "many valuable nutrients are refined out of the foods in our modern diet"
make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of; "refine a method of analysis"; "refine the constant in the equation"
reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; "refine sugar" (同)rectify
the quality or character of being intellectually sophisticated and worldly through cultivation or experience or disillusionment (同)worldliness, mundaneness, mundanity
falsification by the use of sophistry; misleading by means of specious fallacies; "he practiced the art of sophistication upon reason"
being expert or having knowledge of some technical subject; "understanding affine transformations requires considerable mathematical sophistication"
become clean or pure or free of guilt and sin; "The hippies came to the ashram in order to purify"
make pure or free from sin or guilt; "he left the monastery purified" (同)purge, sanctify
remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation; "purify the water" (同)sublimate, make pure, distill
a condition superior to an earlier condition; "the new school represents a great improvement" (同)melioration
the act of improving something; "their improvements increased the value of the property"
a change for the better; progress in development (同)betterment, advance

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉精製,精錬 / 〈U〉洗練,上品,優雅 / 〈C〉改良点,工夫 / 〈C〉(…の)極致《+『of』+『名』》
(頭の働きが)機敏な,気のきいた,抜け目のない;悪知恵が働く;(動作が)機敏な,てきぱきした(lively)・現代風の,流行の(fashionable) ・(人・服装などが)きちんとした,いきな,スマートな・ずきんとくる,厳しい,激しい・〈物事が〉ずきんとこたえる・〈傷口などが〉(…が原因で)ずきずき痛む,うずく《+『from』+『名』》・(…で)〈人が〉ずきんと心が痛む《+『from』(『under』)+『名』》・(心・傷口などの)鋭い痛み,うずき《+『of』+『名』(do『ing』)》
…‘を'『精製する』,精錬する / 〈言葉・態度など〉‘を'『洗練する』,上品にする,優雅にする
世間ずれ,世慣れ / 洗練された考え方;高尚な好み / 詭弁(きべん)を用いること / (機械・方式などの)複雑さ
(…を除いて)…‘を'清める,きれいにする,浄化する《+『名』+『of』+『名』》;(…から)…‘を'除いてきれいにする《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / きれいになる
〈U〉(…の,…における)『改良』,改善,進歩,上達《+『of』(『in』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉改良(改善)点

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/04 19:18:21」(JST)

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1. 成人におけるカンジダ菌血症および侵襲性カンジダ症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of candidemia and invasive candidiasis in adults
2. 水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス感染の疫学：水痘 epidemiology of varicella zoster virus infection chickenpox
3. コントラスト心エコー検査：臨床応用 contrast echocardiography clinical applications
4. 肝細胞癌における病期分類および予後因子 staging and prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma
5. （小児の）びまん性橋膠腫 diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

English Journal

Aortic valve repair: indications and outcomes.

Boodhwani M1, El Khoury G.Author information 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, H3405, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada, mboodhwani@ottawaheart.ca.AbstractAortic valve replacement has traditionally been the treatment of choice for patients with aortic valve insufficiency with or without aortic root pathology. Aortic valve repair is emerging as an attractive treatment alternative that avoids the long-term risks associated with prosthetic valve implantation including thromboembolism, endocarditis, prosthetic valve deterioration, and anticoagulation related hemorrhage. Important achievements in this discipline have occurred over the past decade including development and refinement of valve preserving aortic root replacement techniques, development of a classification system for aortic insufficiency, surgical approaches to cusp disease with varying cusp anatomy. As surgical techniques for aortic valve repair continue to evolve, clinical outcomes up to and beyond the first decade are promising with excellent survival and low risk of valve related events.
Current cardiology reports.Curr Cardiol Rep.2014 Jun;16(6):490. doi: 10.1007/s11886-014-0490-7.
Aortic valve replacement has traditionally been the treatment of choice for patients with aortic valve insufficiency with or without aortic root pathology. Aortic valve repair is emerging as an attractive treatment alternative that avoids the long-term risks associated with prosthetic valve implanta
PMID 24743899

Microstructural effects on the wear behavior of a biomedical as-cast Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.25C alloy exposed to pulsed laser melting.

Acevedo-Dávila JL1, López HF, Cepeda-Rodríguez F, Rodriguez-Reyes M, García-Vazquez F, Hernández-Garcia HM.Author information 1Corporación Mexicana de Investigación en Materiales, Calle Ciencia y Tecnología No. 790 Col. Saltillo 400 Apdo. Postal No. 491. Saltillo C.P. 25290, Coahuila, México.AbstractIn this work, the effect of pulsed laser melting on the exhibited microstructure and properties of a cast Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.25C alloy was investigated. In particular, properties such as surface hardness and wear behavior of the laser modified microstructure were determined as a function of the implemented laser melting parameters. It was found that laser melting promotes significant grain refinement while preventing the precipitation of coarse carbide phases. Apparently, a refined dendritic grain structure develops which is surrounded by a fine carbide distribution in the interdendritic regions. Moreover, the high-temperature face centered cubic (FCC) phase remains untransformed at room temperature. Hardness measurements and wear testing using a Pin-On-Disk tribological machine indicate that the modified laser surfaces exhibit both, high wear resistance and high microhardness when compared with the untreated as-cast Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.25C alloy. In particular, it was found that the laser modified surfaces exhibit improved wear and friction properties comparable to the ones found in Co-Cr-Mo alloys with a predominantly hexagonal closest packed (HCP) matrix. However, surface defects associated with the laser process can be detrimental for the improved wear performance and they should be considered in identifying the proper laser parameters in alloy melting. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2008-2016, 2014.
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.J Biomed Mater Res A.2014 Jun;102(6):2008-16. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34864. Epub 2013 Aug 24.
In this work, the effect of pulsed laser melting on the exhibited microstructure and properties of a cast Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.25C alloy was investigated. In particular, properties such as surface hardness and wear behavior of the laser modified microstructure were determined as a function of the implement
PMID 23853101

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the arsenate minerals cobaltkoritnigite and koritnigite.

Frost RL1, López A2, Xi Y2, Lana C3, Souza L4, Scholz R3, Sejkora J5, Cejka J6.Author information 1School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. Electronic address: r.frost@qut.edu.au.2School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.3Geology Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-00, Brazil.4Mining Engineering Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-00, Brazil.5Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, CZ-193 00, Praha 9, Czech Republic.6School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, CZ-193 00, Praha 9, Czech Republic.AbstractRaman spectra of two well-defined types of cobaltkoritnigite and koritnigite crystals were recorded and interpreted. Significant differences in the Raman spectra of cobaltkoritnigite and koritnigite were observed. Observed Raman bands were attributed to the (AsO3OH)(2-) stretching and bending vibrations, stretching and bending vibrations of water molecules and hydroxyl ions. Both Raman and infrared spectra of cobaltkoritnigite identify bands which are attributable to phosphate and hydrogen phosphate anions proving some substitution of phosphate for arsenate in the structure of cobaltkoritnigite. The OH⋯O hydrogen bond lengths in the crystal structure of koritnigite were inferred from the Raman spectra and compared with those derived from the X-ray single crystal refinement. The presence of (AsO3OH)(2-) units in the crystal structure of cobaltkoritnigite and koritnigite was proved from the Raman spectra which supports the conclusions of the X-ray structure analysis.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2014 May 5;125:313-8. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.106. Epub 2014 Feb 6.
Raman spectra of two well-defined types of cobaltkoritnigite and koritnigite crystals were recorded and interpreted. Significant differences in the Raman spectra of cobaltkoritnigite and koritnigite were observed. Observed Raman bands were attributed to the (AsO3OH)(2-) stretching and bending vibrat
PMID 24566109

Discrimination, harassment, abuse, and bullying in the workplace: Contribution of workplace injustice to occupational health disparities.

Okechukwu CA1, Souza K, Davis KD, de Castro AB.Author information 1Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.AbstractBACKGROUND: This paper synthesizes research on the contribution of workplace injustices to occupational health disparities.
American journal of industrial medicine.Am J Ind Med.2014 May;57(5):573-86. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22221. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
BACKGROUND: This paper synthesizes research on the contribution of workplace injustices to occupational health disparities.METHODS: We conducted a broad review of research and other reports on the impact of workplace discrimination, harassment, and bullying on workers' health and on family and job o
PMID 23813664