WordNet

treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; "refine paper stock"; "refine pig iron"; "refine oil"
attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or validity by polishing or purifying; "many valuable nutrients are refined out of the foods in our modern diet"
make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of; "refine a method of analysis"; "refine the constant in the equation"
reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; "refine sugar" (同)rectify
of extreme beauty; "her exquisite face"
intense or sharp; "suffered exquisite pain"; "felt exquisite pleasure" (同)keen
lavishly elegant and refined (同)recherche

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1. 女性における筋膜性骨盤痛症候群の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of myofascial pelvic pain syndrome in women
2. 嵌頓包茎整復術 paraphimosis reduction
3. 急性細菌性前立腺炎 acute bacterial prostatitis
4. クロストリジウム性筋肉壊死 clostridial myonecrosis
5. 頭蓋内胚細胞腫瘍 intracranial germ cell tumors

OnabotulinumtoxinA for Hemicrania Continua: open label experience in 9 patients.

Miller S1, Correia F, Lagrata S, Matharu MS.
The journal of headache and pain.J Headache Pain.2015 Dec;16(1):502. doi: 10.1186/s10194-015-0502-z. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
BACKGROUND: Hemicrania continua is a strictly unilateral, continuous headache, typically mild to moderate in severity, with severe exacerbations commonly accompanied by cranial autonomic features and migrainous symptoms. It is exquisitely responsive to Indomethacin. However, some patients cannot tol
PMID 25776880

Glycosynthesis in a waterworld: new insight into the molecular basis of transglycosylation in retaining glycoside hydrolases.

Bissaro B1, Monsan P1, Fauré R1, O'Donohue MJ1.
The Biochemical journal.Biochem J.2015 Apr 1;467(1):17-35.
Carbohydrates are ubiquitous in Nature and play vital roles in many biological systems. Therefore the synthesis of carbohydrate-based compounds is of considerable interest for both research and commercial purposes. However, carbohydrates are challenging, due to the large number of sugar subunits and
PMID 25793417

When indomethacin fails: additional treatment options for "indomethacin responsive headaches".

Zhu S1, McGeeney B.
Current pain and headache reports.Curr Pain Headache Rep.2015 Apr;19(4):475. doi: 10.1007/s11916-015-0475-2.
Indomethacin has been used for the treatment of headache disorders since the 1960's, shortly after it was introduced as a treatment for pain and joint swelling in rheumatologic conditions. A subgroup of primary headache disorders, often refractory to other pharmacologic treatment such as triptans an
PMID 25754595