関: musculus quadriceps、quadriceps、quadriceps femoris、rectus femoris、vastus intermedius、vastus lateralis、vastus medialis

WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg (同)quadriceps_femoris, musculus_quadriceps_femoris, quad

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/20 06:37:23」(JST)

wiki en

The quadriceps femoris (/ˈkwɒdrᵻsɛps ˈfɛmərᵻs/) (Latin for "four-headed muscle of the femur"), also called simply the quadriceps, quadriceps extensor, or quads, is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur.

Structure

The quadriceps consists of four separate muscles

It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names:

Rectus femoris occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight course.
The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur, which they cover from the trochanters to the condyles:
- Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh).
- Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh).
- Vastus intermedius lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh), but deep to the rectus femoris. Typically, it cannot be seen without dissection of the rectus femoris.

All four parts of the quadriceps muscle ultimately insert into the tuberosity of the tibia. This is via the patella, where the quadriceps tendon becomes the patellar ligament, which then attaches to the tibia.

There is a fifth muscle of the quadriceps complex that is often forgotten and rarely taught called articularis genus.

In addition, recent cadaver studies have confirmed the presence of a sixth muscle, the tensor vastus intermedius.^[1] While the muscle has variable presentations, it consistently originates at the proximal femur, runs between the vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles, and inserts distally at the medial aspect of the patellar base.^[1] Historically considered a part of the vastus lateralis, the tensor vastus lateralis muscle is innervated by an independent branch of the femoral nerve and its tendinous belly can be separated from the vasti lateralis and intermedius muscles in most cases.^[1]

Innervation

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4).

Function

All four quadriceps are powerful extensors of the knee joint. They are crucial in walking, running, jumping and squatting. Because rectus femoris attaches to the ilium, it is also a flexor of the hip. This action is also crucial to walking or running as it swings the leg forward into the ensuing step. The quadriceps, specifically the vastus medialis, play the important role of stabilizing the patella and the knee joint during gait.^[2]

Society and culture

Training

In strength training, the quadriceps are trained by several leg exercises. Effective exercises include the squat and leg press. The isolation movement (i.e. targets solely the quadriceps) is the leg extension exercise.

In body building communities, this muscle is colloquially referred to as the "leg triceps".^[3]

History

Etymology

The proper Latin plural form of the adjective quadriceps would be quadricipites. In modern English usage, quadriceps is used in both singular and plural. The singular form quadricep, produced by back-formation, is frequently used.

Additional images

Knee diagram
Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Lateral aspect.
Cross-section through the middle of the thigh.
Anterior aspect of right leg.
Front and medial aspect of right thigh.
Lateral aspect of right leg.
The leg extension is an isolation exercise.
Quadriceps muscle
Quadriceps muscle

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Grob, K; Ackland, T; Kuster, MS; Manestar, M; Filgueira, L (6 January 2016). "A newly discovered muscle: The tensor of the vastus intermedius". Clinical Anatomy 29 (2): 256–263. doi:10.1002/ca.22680.
^ Therapeutic Exercises, Carolyn Kisner & Lynn A. Colby, 5th ed. (2002) 692-93.
^ Monaghan, L. (2002). Vocabularies of motive for illicit steroid use among bodybuilders. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 55(5), 695-708.

External links

Quadriceps_muscle at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
Muscles/Quadriceps at exrx.net
Anatomy diagram: 39960.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 大腿四頭筋腱の損傷 quadriceps muscle and tendon injuries
2. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of osteoarthritis
3. 小児または骨格が未成熟な思春期における急性膝関節痛に対するアプローチ approach to acute knee pain and injury in children and skeletally immature adolescents
4. 膝蓋骨骨折 patella fractures
5. ハムストリング筋腱損傷 hamstring muscle and tendon injuries

English Journal

Menopause is associated with decreased whole body fat oxidation during exercise.

Abildgaard J, Pedersen AT, Green CJ, Harder-Lauridsen NM, Solomon TP, Thomsen C, Juul A, Pedersen M, Pedersen JT, Mortensen OH, Pilegaard H, Pedersen BK, Lindegaard B.SourceCentre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. birgitte.lindegaard@rh.regionh.dk.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.2013 Jun;304(11):E1227-E1236. Epub 2013 Apr 2.
The purpose of this study was to examine if fat oxidation was affected by menopausal status and to investigate if this could be related to the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle. Forty-one healthy women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study [premenopausal (n = 19), perimenopausal (n = 8), a
PMID 23548615

The effects of Panax notoginseng on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage in well-trained males: A double blind randomised controlled trial.

Pumpa KL, Fallon KE, Bensoussan A, Papalia S.SourceNational Institute of Sport Studies, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia. Electronic address: Kate.Pumpa@canberra.edu.au.
Complementary therapies in medicine.Complement Ther Med.2013 Jun;21(3):131-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2012.12.007. Epub 2013 Jan 5.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine if Panax notoginseng is effective in reducing pain, indicators of inflammation and muscle damage, and in turn improve performance in well trained males who underwent a bout of eccentric exercise designed to induce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
PMID 23642942

Maximal strength training improves work economy, rate of force development and maximal strength more than conventional strength training.

Heggelund J, Fimland MS, Helgerud J, Hoff J.SourceDepartment of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, jorn.heggelund@ntnu.no.
European journal of applied physiology.Eur J Appl Physiol.2013 Jun;113(6):1565-73. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2586-y. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
This study compared maximal strength training (MST) with equal training volume (kg × sets × repetitions) of conventional strength training (CON) primarily with regard to work economy, and second one repetition maximum (1RM) and rate of force development (RFD) of single leg knee extension. In a
PMID 23307029

Japanese Journal

体幹筋安定化トレーニングが身体運動に及ぼす影響について

米子医学雑誌 66(4・5), 57-63, 2015-09
NAID 40020617501

Precise risk factors for Osgood–Schlatter disease

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 135(9), 1277-1281, 2015-07-02
NAID 120005647654

登山による大腿四頭筋の筋力および筋活動量の変化

ヘルスプロモーション理学療法研究 = Japanese journal of health promotion and physical therapy 5(2), 65-69, 2015-07
NAID 40020564850

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「大腿四頭筋」「vastus lateralis」「四頭筋」「rectus femoris」「vastus medialis」
関連記事	「quadriceps」「muscle」

「大腿四頭筋」

Quadriceps femoris muscle
	Quadriceps femoris, with different muscles in different colors.; rectus femoris - blue; vastus lateralis - yellow; vastus intermedius - green; vastus medialis - red
Details
Origin	Combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles
Insertion	Tibial tuberosity
Artery	Femoral artery
Nerve	Femoral nerve
Actions	Knee extension; Hip flexion (Rectus femoris only)
Identifiers
Latin	Musculus quadriceps femoris
Dorlands; /Elsevier	Quadriceps femoris muscle
TA	A04.7.02.017
FMA	22428
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: quadriceps femoris (K) QF, quadriceps muscle of thigh, quadriceps femoris muscle, quadriceps muscle, quadriceps
ラ: musculus quadriceps femoris,

以下の筋の総称

筋名	起始	停止	支配神経	機能
大腿直筋	腸骨(下前腸骨棘、寛骨臼の上縁)	脛骨(脛骨粗面)	大腿神経	膝関節の伸展、股関節の屈曲
中間広筋	大腿骨(上部3/4)	〃	〃	膝関節の伸展
外側広筋	大腿骨(大転子、粗線外側唇)	〃	〃	膝関節の伸展
内側広筋	大腿骨(粗線内側唇)	〃	〃	膝関節の伸展