関: quadriceps femoris、quadriceps femoris muscle

WordNet

a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg (同)quadriceps_femoris, musculus_quadriceps_femoris, quad

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/24 13:20:32」(JST)

wiki en

The quadriceps femoris (/ˈkwɒdrɨsɛps ˈfɛmərɨs/) (Latin for "four-headed muscle of the femur"), also called simply the quadriceps, quadriceps extensor, or quads, is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur.

Structure

It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names:

Rectus femoris occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight course.

The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur, which they cover from the trochanters to the condyles:
- Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh).
- Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh).
- Vastus intermedius lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh), but deep to the rectus femoris. Typically, it cannot be seen without dissection of the rectus femoris.

All four parts of the quadriceps muscle ultimately insert into the tibial tuberosity of the tibia. This is via the patella, where the quadriceps tendon becomes the patellar ligament, which then attaches to the tibia.

There is a fifth muscle of the quadriceps complex that is often forgotten and rarely taught called articularis genu.

Innervation

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4).

Function

All four quadriceps are powerful extensors of the knee joint. They are crucial in walking, running, jumping and squatting. Because rectus femoris attaches to the ilium, it is also a flexor of the hip. This action is also crucial to walking or running as it swings the leg forward into the ensuing step. The quadriceps, specifically the vastus medialis, plays the important role of stabilizing the patella and the knee joint during gait.^[1]

Society and culture

Training

In strength training, the quadriceps are trained by several leg exercises. Effective exercises include the squat and leg press. The isolation movement (i.e. targets solely the quadriceps) is the leg extension exercise.

History

Etymology

The proper Latin plural form of the adjective quadriceps would be quadricipites. In modern English usage, quadriceps is used in both singular and plural. The singular form quadricep, produced by back-formation, is frequently used.

Additional images

Knee diagram
Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Lateral aspect.
Cross-section through the middle of the thigh.
Anterior aspect of right leg.
Front and medial aspect of right thigh.
Lateral aspect of right leg.
The leg extension is an isolation exercise.
Quadriceps muscle
Quadriceps muscle

References

^ Therapeutic Exercises, Carolyn Kisner & Lynn A. Colby, 5th ed. (2002) 692-93.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quadriceps femoris muscle.

Quadriceps_muscle at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
Muscles/Quadriceps at exrx.net
Anatomy diagram: 39960.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
Anatomy of the Quadriceps Muscles - Fitstep.com
Stretching the Quadriceps

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Mild Aerobic Exercise Training Hardly Affects the Diaphragm of mdx Mice.

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Tribute to Dr Jacques Rogge: muscle activity and fatigue during hiking in Olympic dinghy sailing.

Bourgois JG1,2, Dumortier J1, Callewaert M1, Celie B1, Capelli C3,4, Sjøgaard G5, De Clercq D1, Boone J1.
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Improved skeletal muscle mass and strength after heavy strength training in very old individuals.

Bechshøft RL1, Malmgaard-Clausen NM1, Gliese B1, Beyer N2, Mackey AL3, Andersen JL4, Kjær M5, Holm L6.
Experimental gerontology.Exp Gerontol.2017 Jun;92:96-105. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.014. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
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Japanese Journal

大腿四頭筋に発生した Cryptococcus neoformans 感染症の1例

舛田哲朗,中村英一,鬼木泰成,西岡宏晃,田中あづさ,廣瀬隼,水田博志
整形外科と災害外科 58(3), 482-487, 2009-09-25
NAID 10025317159

要介護者への電気剌激による筋力増強効果とその安全性

松山旭,丸山仁司,鈴木康文
名古屋市立大学看護学部紀要 7, 1-7, 2008-03
本研究の目的は、要介護者への電気刺激による筋力増強効果と安全性を検討することである。要介護者8名に対して、両大腿四頭筋への電気刺激を4週間行い、筋力は膝伸展筋力で、安全性を循環反応、皮膚症状、疼痛で検討した。患肢においては有意差が認められ、筋力増強効果がみられた。また、筋力の低い症例についても増強効果の可能性が考えられた。安全面の検討においては、電気刺激前後で血圧、心拍数に有意な差はなく、皮膚状態 …
NAID 110006979768

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「大腿四頭筋」「quadriceps femoris muscle」
関連記事	「quadriceps」「musculus quadriceps」「femor」「femoris」

「大腿四頭筋」

Quadriceps femoris muscle
	Muscles of lower extremity. (Rectus femoris removed to reveal the vastus intermedius.)
Latin	musculus quadriceps femoris
Gray's	p.470
Origin	combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles
Insertion	tibial tuberosity
Artery	femoral artery
Nerve	Femoral nerve
Actions	Knee extension; Hip flexion (R.Fem. only)
Dorlands; /Elsevier	Quadriceps femoris muscle
	Anatomical terms of muscle

　　[★]

英: quadriceps femoris (K) QF, quadriceps muscle of thigh, quadriceps femoris muscle, quadriceps muscle, quadriceps
ラ: musculus quadriceps femoris,

以下の筋の総称

筋名	起始	停止	支配神経	機能
大腿直筋	腸骨(下前腸骨棘、寛骨臼の上縁)	脛骨(脛骨粗面)	大腿神経	膝関節の伸展、股関節の屈曲
中間広筋	大腿骨(上部3/4)	〃	〃	膝関節の伸展
外側広筋	大腿骨(大転子、粗線外側唇)	〃	〃	膝関節の伸展
内側広筋	大腿骨(粗線内側唇)	〃	〃	膝関節の伸展

臨床関連

大腿四頭筋麻痺 (M.314)

「quadriceps femoris muscle」

　　[★] 大腿四頭筋

関: musculus quadriceps femoris、quadriceps femoris

「quadriceps」

　　[★] 四頭筋

同: 大腿四頭筋
関: musculus quadriceps、quadriceps muscle

「musculus quadriceps」

　　[★]

四頭筋

関: quadriceps、quadriceps muscle

「femor」

　　[★]

adj.

大腿部の

関: femoris

「femoris」

　　[★]

大腿部の

関: femor

[Kisner-1] Therapeutic Exercises, Carolyn Kisner & Lynn A. Colby, 5th ed. (2002) 692-93.

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案内

musculus quadriceps femoris