WordNet

street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates

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酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/23 05:51:38」(JST)

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Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), also prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), is an enzyme produced by the prostate. It may be found in increased amounts in men who have prostate cancer or other diseases.

The highest levels of acid phosphatase are found in metastasized prostate cancer. Diseases of the bone, such as Paget's disease or hyperparathyroidism, diseases of blood cells, such as sickle-cell disease or multiple myeloma or lysosomal storage diseases, such as Gaucher's disease, will show moderately increased levels.

Certain medications can cause temporary increases or decreases in acid phosphatase levels. Manipulation of the prostate gland through massage, biopsy or rectal exam before a test may increase the level.

Its physiological function may be associated with the liquefaction process of semen.^[3]

Utility in prostatic cancer

Serum marker

PSAP was used to monitor and assess progression of prostate cancer until the introduction of prostate specific antigen (PSA), which has now largely displaced it. Recent work, suggesting it has a role in prognosticating intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer, has led to renewed interest in this marker.^[4]

Immunohistochemistry

PSAP immunohistochemical staining is often used with PSA (staining), by pathologists, to help distinguish poorly differentiated carcinomas. For example, poorly differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma (prostate cancer) and urothelial carcinoma (bladder cancer) may appear similar under the microscope, but PSAP and PSA staining can help differentiate them;^[5] prostate adenocarcinoma often stains with PSA and/or PSAP, while urothelial carcinoma does not.

Presumptive test for semen

Prostatic acid phosphatase is present in semen and its presence can be used as a presumptive test for semen.^[6] Other acid phosphatases are present in other bodily fluids, but the high concentration of PAP in semen gives a strong indication that semen is present.

HIV

PAP may play an important role in the transmission of HIV. Researchers at the University of Ulm in Germany found that PAP forms fibers made of amyloid. They called the fibers Semen-derived Enhancer of Virus Infection (SEVI) and showed that they capture HIV virions promoting their attachment to target cells. The association of PAP with HIV may increase the ability of the virus to infect human cells "by several orders of magnitude." PAP may be a future target of efforts to combat the spread of HIV infection.^[7]

Pain suppression

A study at the University of North Carolina and University of Helsinki suggested that PAP could have potent antinociceptive, antihyperalgesic, and antiallodynic effects that last longer than morphine. One dose of PAP lasted for up to three days, much longer than the five hours gained with a single dose of morphine. When in distress, nerve cells release a chemical known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which in turn invokes a painful sensation. ATP is broken down into AMP which PAP converts into adenosine, a molecule known to suppress pain. ^[8]^[9]

History

PSAP was the first useful serum tumour marker and emerged in the 1940s and 1950s.^[4]

References

^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
^ Page 1135-1136 in: Walter F. Boron (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ ^a ^b Taira A, Merrick G, Wallner K, Dattoli M (July 2007). "Reviving the acid phosphatase test for prostate cancer". Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.). 21 (8): 1003–10. PMID 17715699.
^ Genega EM, Hutchinson B, Reuter VE, Gaudin PB (November 2000). "Immunophenotype of high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma". Mod. Pathol. 13 (11): 1186–91. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880220. PMID 11106075.
^ Details of Acid Phosphatase test for semen.
^ Münch J, Rücker E, Ständker L, Adermann K, Goffinet C, Schindler M, Wildum S, Chinnadurai R, Rajan D, Specht A, Giménez-Gallego G, Sánchez PC, Fowler DM, Koulov A, Kelly JW, Mothes W, Grivel JC, Margolis L, Keppler OT, Forssmann WG, Kirchhoff F (2007). "Semen-Derived Amyloid Fibrils Drastically Enhance HIV Infection". Cell. 131 (6): 1059–71. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.014. PMID 18083097.
^ New pain relief that is eight times stronger than morphine, Daily Telegraph
^ Zylka MJ, Sowa NA, Taylor-Blake B, et al. (October 2008). "Prostatic acid phosphatase is an ectonucleotidase and suppresses pain by generating adenosine". Neuron. 60 (1): 111–22. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.08.024. PMC 2629077. PMID 18940592.

External links

prostatic acid phosphatase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 播種性前立腺癌に対する治療の概要 overview of the treatment of disseminated prostate cancer
2. 骨代謝の生理学および生化学的マーカー bone physiology and biochemical markers of bone turnover
3. 去勢抵抗性前立腺癌に対する免疫療法 immunotherapy for castration resistant prostate cancer
4. 肺外原発小細胞癌 extrapulmonary small cell cancer
5. 成人の性的暴行被害者の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of adult sexual assault victims

English Journal

Functional upregulation of the H2S/Cav3.2 channel pathway accelerates secretory function in neuroendocrine-differentiated human prostate cancer cells.

Fukami K1, Sekiguchi F2, Yasukawa M3, Asano E4, Kasamatsu R5, Ueda M6, Yoshida S7, Kawabata A8.
Biochemical pharmacology.Biochem Pharmacol.2015 Oct 1;97(3):300-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.005. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
Neuroendocrine-differentiated prostate cancer cells may contribute to androgen-independent proliferation of surrounding cells through Ca(2+)-dependent secretion of mitogenic factors. Human prostate cancer LNCaP cells, when neuroendocrine-differentiated, overexpress Cav3.2 T-type Ca(2+) channels that
PMID 26256074

Transmembrane prostatic acid phosphatase (TMPAP) delays cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle.

Araujo CL1, Quintero IB1, Ovaska K2, Herrala AM1, Hautaniemi S2, Vihko PT1.
The Prostate.Prostate.2015 Sep 30. doi: 10.1002/pros.23105. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common form of prostate cancer. We have previously shown in a murine model that prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) deficiency leads to increased cell proliferation and development of prostate adenocarcinoma. The association between PAP and prostate cance
PMID 26419820

ADS-J1 inhibits semen-derived amyloid fibril formation and blocks fibril-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 infection.

Xun T1, Li W1, Chen J1, Yu F2, Xu W2, Wang Q2, Yu R3, Li X1, Zhou X4, Lu L2, Jiang S5, Li L1, Tan S6, Liu S6.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2015 Sep;59(9):5123-34. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00385-15. Epub 2015 Jun 8.
Semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) is composed of amyloid fibrils that can greatly enhance HIV-1 infectivity. By its cationic property, SEVI promotes viral sexual transmission by facilitating the attachment and internalization of HIV-1 to target cells. Therefore, semen-derived amyloid
PMID 26055369

Japanese Journal

前立腺性酸性ホスファターゼ(PAP) (広範囲血液・尿化学検査免疫学的検査(第7版・4)その数値をどう読むか) -- (腫瘍マーカー)

日本臨床 68(-), 747-749, 2010-07
NAID 40017200858

A case of personal identification due to detection of rare DNA types from seminal stain

Journal of Oral Science 51(4), 645-650, 2009
NAID 130000147595

前立腺特異的チロシンフォスファターゼによるアンドロゲン非依存性前立腺癌増殖制御機構の解明

西日本泌尿器科 69(4), 197-203, 2007-04-20
NAID 10019994518

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「前立腺酸性ホスファターゼ」「PAP」「前立腺性酸性ホスファターゼ」
関連記事	「phosphatase」「prostatic」「acid phosphatase」

「前立腺酸性ホスファターゼ」

ACPP
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1CVI, 1ND5, 1ND6, 2HPA, 2L3H, 2L77, 2L79, 3PPD, 2MG0
Identifiers
Aliases	ACPP, 5'-NT, ACP-3, ACP3, acid phosphatase, prostate
External IDs	OMIM: 171790 MGI: 1928480 HomoloGene: 55552 GeneCards: ACPP
EC number	3.1.3.5
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• 5'-nucleotidase activity; • acid phosphatase activity; • thiamine phosphate phosphatase activity; • phosphatase activity; • lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity; • identical protein binding; • hydrolase activity; • protein binding;
Cellular component	• integral component of membrane; • membrane; • vesicle membrane; • filopodium; • intracellular; • extracellular region; • lysosomal membrane; • lysosome; • extracellular exosome; • nucleus; • extracellular space; • plasma membrane; • azurophil granule membrane;
Biological process	• regulation of sensory perception of pain; • adenosine metabolic process; • nucleotide metabolic process; • positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway; • purine nucleobase metabolic process; • thiamine metabolic process; • dephosphorylation; • neutrophil degranulation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	55
	56318
	ENSG00000014257
	ENSMUSG00000032561
	P15309
	Q8CE08
	NM_001099; NM_001134194; NM_001292037
	NM_019807; NM_207668
	NP_001090; NP_001127666; NP_001278966
	NP_062781.2; NP_997551.1; NP_062781; NP_997551
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

　　[★]

英: prostatic acid phosphatase PAP
同: 前立腺酸ホスファターゼ、前立腺酸フォスファターゼ、前立腺酸性フォスファターゼ
関: 酸性ホスファターゼ、前立腺癌

[show details]

前立腺酸性ホスファターゼ : 約 19,900 件
前立腺酸ホスファターゼ : 約 2,070 件
前立腺酸フォスファターゼ : 約 3,580 件
前立腺酸性フォスファターゼ : 約 34,700 件

「PAP」

　　[★]

「前立腺性酸性ホスファターゼ」

　　[★]

英: prostatic acid phosphatase

「phosphatase」

　　[★] ホスファターゼ、フォスファターゼ、脱リン酸化酵素、脱リン酸酵素

関: phosphohydrolase、phosphoric monoester hydrolase

「prostatic」

　　[★]

adj.

前立腺の

関: prostate、prostate gland

「acid phosphatase」

　　[★] 酸性ホスファターゼ

[1] "Human PubMed Reference:".

[2] "Mouse PubMed Reference:".

[boron1135-3] Page 1135-1136 in: Walter F. Boron (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.

[taira-4] Taira A, Merrick G, Wallner K, Dattoli M (July 2007). "Reviving the acid phosphatase test for prostate cancer". Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.). 21 (8): 1003–10. PMID 17715699.

[5] Genega EM, Hutchinson B, Reuter VE, Gaudin PB (November 2000). "Immunophenotype of high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma". Mod. Pathol. 13 (11): 1186–91. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880220. PMID 11106075.

[6] Details of Acid Phosphatase test for semen.

[7] Münch J, Rücker E, Ständker L, Adermann K, Goffinet C, Schindler M, Wildum S, Chinnadurai R, Rajan D, Specht A, Giménez-Gallego G, Sánchez PC, Fowler DM, Koulov A, Kelly JW, Mothes W, Grivel JC, Margolis L, Keppler OT, Forssmann WG, Kirchhoff F (2007). "Semen-Derived Amyloid Fibrils Drastically Enhance HIV Infection". Cell. 131 (6): 1059–71. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.014. PMID 18083097.

[8] New pain relief that is eight times stronger than morphine, Daily Telegraph

[9] Zylka MJ, Sowa NA, Taylor-Blake B, et al. (October 2008). "Prostatic acid phosphatase is an ectonucleotidase and suppresses pain by generating adenosine". Neuron. 60 (1): 111–22. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.08.024. PMC 2629077. PMID 18940592.

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案内

prostatic acid phosphatase