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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/22 19:51:07」(JST)

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Podoplanin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDPN gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Function

This gene encodes a type-I, integral membrane, heavily O-glycosylated glycoprotein with diverse distribution in human tissues. The physiological function of this protein may be related to its mucin-type character. The homologous protein in other species has been described as a differentiation antigen and influenza-virus receptor. The specific function of this protein has not been determined but it has been proposed as a marker of lung injury. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.^[3]

This protein has been found to have functions in lung alveolar cells, kidney podocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells. More recently, this protein has been found in neural tissue in both mouse and human samples.^[4]

In lymphatic endothelial cells, experimentation has indicated that podoplanin plays a role in proper formation of linkages between the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic systems, typically causing fatty liver disease in these mice.

Although the exact function is unknown in many tissues, podoplanin is generally receptive to detection via immunofluorescent staining and has been shown to co-localize with the protein nestin, a type VI intermediate filament protein expressed almost primarily in neural tissues.^[5] Currently, the only protein known to interact with podoplanin physiologically is CLEC-2, a C-type lectin 2 expressed on platelets and on hematopoietic cells. Both serve a role in the proper formation of blood/lymphatic connections in embryonic development.

References

^ Zimmer G, Oeffner F, Von Messling V, Tschernig T, Groness HJ, Klenk HD, Herrler G (Sep 1999). "Cloning and characterization of gp36, a human mucin-type glycoprotein preferentially expressed in vascular endothelium". Biochem J 341 (Pt 2): 277–84. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3410277. PMC 1220357. PMID 10393083.
^ Ma T, Yang B, Matthay MA, Verkman AS (Jul 1998). "Evidence against a role of mouse, rat, and two cloned human t1alpha isoforms as a water channel or a regulator of aquaporin-type water channels". Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19 (1): 143–9. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.19.1.2953. PMID 9651190.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: PDPN podoplanin".
^ Fu J, Gerhardt H, McDaniel JM, Xia B, Liu X, Ivanciu L, Ny A, Hermans K, Silasi-Mansat R, McGee S, Nye E, Ju T, Ramirez MI, Carmeliet P, Cummings RD, Lupu F, Xia L (November 2008). "Endothelial cell O-glycan deficiency causes blood/lymphatic misconnections and consequent fatty liver disease in mice". J. Clin. Invest. 118 (11): 3725–37. doi:10.1172/JCI36077. PMC 2567837. PMID 18924607.
^ Imaizumi Y, Amano I, Tsuruga E, Kojima H, Sawa Y (October 2010). "Immunohistochemical examination for the distribution of podoplanin-expressing cells in developing mouse molar tooth germs". Acta Histochem Cytochem 43 (5): 115–21. doi:10.1267/ahc.10023. PMC 2965832. PMID 21060740.

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English Journal

AKT hyper-phosphorylation associated with PI3K mutations in lymphatic endothelial cells from a patient with lymphatic malformation.

Boscolo E1, Coma S, Luks VL, Greene AK, Klagsbrun M, Warman ML, Bischoff J.
Angiogenesis.Angiogenesis.2015 Apr;18(2):151-62. doi: 10.1007/s10456-014-9453-2. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
Lymphatic malformations (LM) are characterized by abnormal formation of lymphatic vessels and tissue overgrowth. The lymphatic vessels present in LM lesions may become blocked and enlarged as lymphatic fluid collects, forming a mass or cyst. Lesions are typically diagnosed during childhood and are o
PMID 25424831

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C Disrupts the Endothelial Lymphatic Barrier to Promote Colorectal Cancer Invasion.

Tacconi C1, Correale C1, Gandelli A1, Spinelli A1, Dejana E2, D'Alessio S3, Danese S4.
Gastroenterology.Gastroenterology.2015 Mar 6. pii: S0016-5085(15)00310-8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.03.005. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly metastatic. Metastases spread directly into local tissue or invade distant organs via blood and lymphatic vessels, but the role of lymphangiogenesis in CRC progression has not been determined. Lymphangiogenesis is induced via vascular endothel
PMID 25754161

Effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on lymphangiogenesis of adenomyosis.

Cho S1, Choi YS2, Yun BH3, Chon SJ3, Jung YS3, Kim HY4, Park JH1, Seo SK2, Kim SH5, Lee BS6.
American journal of clinical pathology.Am J Clin Pathol.2015 Mar;143(3):352-61. doi: 10.1309/AJCPP8F4SFYFVXRN.
OBJECTIVES: Lymphangiogenesis may be involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. We investigated the lymphatic vessels of patients with adenomyosis, including those treated with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS).METHODS: Full-thickness uterine samples were obtained from patient
PMID 25696793

Japanese Journal

Lymphangiogenesis in regional lymph nodes predicts nodal recurrence in pathological N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Hirota Kyoko,Wakisaka Naohiro,Sawada-Kitamura Seiko,Kondo Satoru,Endo Kazuhira,Tsuji Akira,Murono Shigeyuki,Yoshizaki Tomokazu
Histopathology 61(6), 1065-1071, 2012-12-00
… Intranodal lymphatic endothelium was highlighted by podoplanin staining to evaluate lymphatic vessel counts (LVCs). …
NAID 120004754705

The impact of Aggrus/podoplanin on platelet aggregation and tumour metastasis

Fujita Naoya,Takagi Satoshi
The journal of biochemistry 152(5), 407-413, 2012-11-00
NAID 40019507309

Immunohistochemical examination on the distribution of cells expressed lymphatic endothelial marker podoplanin and LYVE-1 in the mouse tongue tissue

野田雄也
福岡歯科大学学会雑誌 38(2), 付8-付9, 2012-08-31
NAID 110009518133

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「その他メモ」

Podoplanin
Identifiers
Symbols	PDPN ; AGGRUS; GP36; GP40; Gp38; HT1A-1; OTS8; PA2.26; T1A; T1A-2; T1A2; TI1A
External IDs	OMIM: 608863 MGI: 103098 HomoloGene: 4729 GeneCards: PDPN Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• water transmembrane transporter activity; • folic acid transporter activity; • amino acid transmembrane transporter activity; • water channel activity;
Cellular component	• ruffle; • plasma membrane; • integral component of plasma membrane; • external side of plasma membrane; • apical plasma membrane; • lamellipodium; • filopodium; • lamellipodium membrane; • filopodium membrane; • microvillus membrane; • ruffle membrane;
Biological process	• cell morphogenesis; • lymphangiogenesis; • prostaglandin metabolic process; • water transport; • amino acid transport; • cellular component movement; • inflammatory response; • signal transduction; • nervous system development; • cell proliferation; • regulation of cell shape; • embryo development; • positive regulation of platelet activation; • folic acid transport; • single organismal cell-cell adhesion; • lung development; • positive regulation of cell migration; • tube morphogenesis; • lung alveolus development; • positive regulation of cellular component movement; • response to hyperoxia; • regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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学会メモ

概日時計
- 自律性
- 同調性
- 温度補償性
  - 哺乳類の場合、mPer1,2,3とmCry1,2がある。
  - 培養細胞レベルでも時計機構を有する
iPS
- iPSとES細胞との違い
- iPSは拒絶されない組織を作ることができるが、ES細胞は拒絶される。
- 現在のガイドラインは、個体作成は認めないこと、神経細胞を大脳皮質に移植しないこと、らしい
遺伝子治療
- ex vivo
  - 骨髄系の細胞に限られる
- in vivo
  - 現在の主流
ベクター系
- ウイルス系
- 非ウイルス系
  - アデノウイルス
    - 細胞質内にとどまる
    - 高いウイルス力価
    - 免疫原性を有する
  - レトロウイルスやレンチウイルス
    - 染色体内に挿入される
    - 細胞分裂が必要 →分裂しない細胞には無効
    - 低いウイルス力価
Pott症候群
- メチレーションの異常。meCP
リンパ管内皮マーカー
- 5'nucleotidase
- VEGFR-3
- LYVE-1
- prox-1
- podoplanin

特別講演メモ

要調査 080607

血中における白血球の比率が変動する遺伝的疾患とは？

[pmid10393083-1] Zimmer G, Oeffner F, Von Messling V, Tschernig T, Groness HJ, Klenk HD, Herrler G (Sep 1999). "Cloning and characterization of gp36, a human mucin-type glycoprotein preferentially expressed in vascular endothelium". Biochem J 341 (Pt 2): 277–84. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3410277. PMC 1220357. PMID 10393083.

[pmid9651190-2] Ma T, Yang B, Matthay MA, Verkman AS (Jul 1998). "Evidence against a role of mouse, rat, and two cloned human t1alpha isoforms as a water channel or a regulator of aquaporin-type water channels". Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19 (1): 143–9. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.19.1.2953. PMID 9651190.

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: PDPN podoplanin".

[pmid18924607-4] Fu J, Gerhardt H, McDaniel JM, Xia B, Liu X, Ivanciu L, Ny A, Hermans K, Silasi-Mansat R, McGee S, Nye E, Ju T, Ramirez MI, Carmeliet P, Cummings RD, Lupu F, Xia L (November 2008). "Endothelial cell O-glycan deficiency causes blood/lymphatic misconnections and consequent fatty liver disease in mice". J. Clin. Invest. 118 (11): 3725–37. doi:10.1172/JCI36077. PMC 2567837. PMID 18924607.

[pmid21060740-5] Imaizumi Y, Amano I, Tsuruga E, Kojima H, Sawa Y (October 2010). "Immunohistochemical examination for the distribution of podoplanin-expressing cells in developing mouse molar tooth germs". Acta Histochem Cytochem 43 (5): 115–21. doi:10.1267/ahc.10023. PMC 2965832. PMID 21060740.

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podoplanin