生体外の、生体外で、エキソビボの

関: in vitro、vitro

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the base of the natural system of logarithms; approximately equal to 2.718282...

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/18 22:18:02」(JST)

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Ex vivo (Latin: "out of the living") means that which takes place outside an organism. In science, ex vivo refers to experimentation or measurements done in or on tissue from an organism in an external environment with the minimum alteration of natural conditions. Ex vivo conditions allow experimentation on an organisms cells or tissue under more controlled conditions than is possible in in vivo experiments (in the intact organism), at the expense of altering the "natural" environment.

A primary advantage of using ex vivo tissues is the ability to perform tests or measurements that would otherwise not be possible or ethical in living subjects. Tissues may be removed in many ways, including in part, as whole organs, or as larger organ systems.

Examples of ex vivo specimen use include:

assays;
finding conventional or alternative cancer treatment agents that are effective against the organism's cancer cells
measurements of physical, thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and other tissue properties, especially in various environments that may not be life-sustaining (for example, at extreme pressures or temperatures);
realistic models for surgical procedure development;
investigations into the interaction of different energy types with tissues;
or as phantoms in imaging technique development.

The term ex vivo means that the samples to be tested have been extracted from the organism. The term in vitro ("within the glass") means the samples to be tested are obtained from a repository, in the case of cancer cells a strain that would produce favorable results, then grown to produce a control sample and the number of samples required for the number of test. These two terms are not synonymous even though the testing in both cases is "within the glass". The results of ex vivo only apply to the organism supplying the cell whereas the in vitro results only apply to the cell line used.

In cell biology, ex vivo procedures often involve living cells or tissues taken from an organism and cultured in a laboratory apparatus, usually under sterile conditions with no alterations for up to 24 hours to obtain sufficient cells for the experiments. Experiments generally start after 24 hours of incubation, using living cells or tissue from the same organism are still considered to be ex vivo. One widely performed ex vivo study is the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In this assay, angiogenesis is promoted on the CAM membrane of a chicken embryo outside the organism (chicken).

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1. 肺移植：死亡ドナーの評価およびマネージメント lung transplantation deceased donor evaluation and management
2. 血小板産生因子の臨床応用 clinical applications of thrombopoietic growth factors
3. 肝細胞移植 hepatocyte transplantation
4. 肺移植：ドナー肺の保存 lung transplantation donor lung preservation
5. 造血細胞移植のための臍帯血の収集および保存 collection and storage of umbilical cord blood for hematopoietic cell transplantation

English Journal

Low-dose gold nanoparticles exert subtle endocrine-modulating effects on the ovarian steroidogenic pathway ex vivo independent of oxidative stress.

Larson JK, Carvan MJ 3rd, Teeguarden JG, Watanabe G, Taya K, Krystofiak E, Hutz RJ.Author information University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Biological Sciences , Milwaukee, WI , USA.AbstractAbstract Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have gained considerable attention for application in science and industry. However, the untoward effects of such particles on female fertility remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the effects of 10-nm GNPs on progesterone and estradiol-17β accumulation by rat ovaries ex vivo and (2) to identify the locus/loci whereby GNPs modulate steroidogenesis via multiple-reference gene quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Regression analyses indicated a positive relationship between both Star (p < 0.05, r(2) = 0.278) and Cyp11a1 (p < 0.001, r(2) = 0.366) expression and P4 accumulation upon exposure to 1.43 × 10(6) GNPs/mL. Additional analyses showed that E2 accumulation was positively associated with Hsd3b1 (p < 0.05, r(2) = 0.181) and Cyp17a1 (p < 0.01, r(2) = 0.301) expression upon exposure to 1.43 × 1(3) and 1.43 × 10(9) GNPs/mL, respectively. These results suggest a subtle treatment-dependent impact of low-dose GNPs on the relationship between progesterone or estradiol-17β and specific steroidogenic target genes, independent of oxidative stress or inhibin.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Dec;8:856-66. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.837208.
Abstract Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have gained considerable attention for application in science and industry. However, the untoward effects of such particles on female fertility remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the effects of 10-nm GNPs on progesterone and estradiol-
PMID 23992423

Texturing formulations for uranium skin decontamination.

Belhomme-Henry C, Phan G, Huang N, Bouvier C, Rebière F, Agarande M, Fattal E.Author information IRSN, PRP-HOM/SDI, Fontenay-aux-Roses , France and.AbstractAbstract Context: Since no specific treatment exists in case of cutaneous contamination by radionuclides such as uranium, a nanoemulsion comprising calixarene molecules, known for their good chelation properties, was previously designed. However, this fluid topical form may be not suitable for optimal application on the skin or wounds. Objective: To develop a texturing pharmaceutical form for the treatment of wounded skins contaminated by uranium. Materials and methods: The formulations consisted in oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions, loaded with calixarene molecules. The external phase of the initial liquid nanoemulsion was modified with a combination of thermosensitive gelifying polymers: Poloxamer and HydroxyPropylMethylcellulose (HPMC) or methylcellulose (MC). These new formulations were characterized then tested by ex vivo experiments on Franz cells to prevent uranyl ions diffusion through excoriated pig ear skin explants. Results: Despite strong changes in rheological properties, the physico-chemical characteristics of the new nanoemulsions, such as the size and the zeta potential as well as macroscopic aspect were preserved. In addition, on wounded skin, diffusion of uranyl ions, measured by ICP-MS, was limited to less than 5% for both HPMC and MC nanoemulsions. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that a hybrid formulation of nanoemulsion in hydrogel is efficient to treat uranium skin contamination.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Sep;19(6):692-701. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.823991. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
Abstract Context: Since no specific treatment exists in case of cutaneous contamination by radionuclides such as uranium, a nanoemulsion comprising calixarene molecules, known for their good chelation properties, was previously designed. However, this fluid topical form may be not suitable for optim
PMID 23937529

Impacts of chemical enhancers on skin permeation and deposition of terbinafine.

Erdal MS, Peköz AY, Aksu B, Araman A.Author information Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey and.AbstractAbstract Context/Objective: The addition of chemical enhancers into formulations is the most commonly employed approach to overcome the skin barrier. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of vehicle and chemical enhancers on the skin permeation and accumulation of terbinafine, an allylamine antifungal drug. Methods: Terbinafine (1% w/w) was formulated as a Carbopol 934 P gel formulation in presence and absence of three chemical enhancers, nerolidol, dl-limonene and urea. Terbinafine distribution and deposition in stratum corneum (SC) and skin following 8-h ex vivo permeation study was determined using a sequential tape stripping procedure. The conformational order of SC lipids was investigated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Results and discussion: Nerolidol containing gel formulation produced significantly higher enhancement in terbinafine permeation through skin and its skin accumulation was increased. ATR-FTIR results showed enhancer induced lipid bilayer disruption in SC. Urea resulted in enhanced permeation of terbinafine across the skin and a balanced distribution to the SC was achieved. But, dl-limonene could not minimize the accumulation of terbinafine in the upper SC. Conclusion: Nerolidol dramatically improved the skin permeation and deposition of terbinafine in the skin that might help to optimize targeting of the drug to the epidermal sites as required for both of superficial and deep cutaneous fungal infections.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Aug;19(5):565-70. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.813538. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
Abstract Context/Objective: The addition of chemical enhancers into formulations is the most commonly employed approach to overcome the skin barrier. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of vehicle and chemical enhancers on the skin permeation and accumulation of terbinafine, an all
PMID 23841559

Japanese Journal

Radiofluorinated probe for PET imaging of fatty acid binding protein 4 in cancer.

Temma Takashi,Nishigori Kantaro,Onoe Satoru,Sampei Sotaro,Kimura Ikuo,Ono Masahiro,Saji Hideo
Nuclear medicine and biology 42(2), 184-191, 2015-02
… Positron emission tomography (PET) is a useful diagnostic method that enables noninvasive in vivo quantitative imaging of biofunctional molecules with probes labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes. …
NAID 120005539357

Comparative Anti-inflammatory Potential of Crystalline and Amorphous Nano Curcumin in Topical Drug Delivery

Al-Rohaimi Abdulmohsen H.
Journal of Oleo Science, 27-40, 2015
… The formulation were pre-screen by different physical stress tests, followed by in vitro release study, zeta potential, viscosity, transmittance, globule size distribution and ex vivo studies. …
NAID 130004704223

ムコ多糖症２型マウスに対するレンチウィルスを用いたex vivo gene therapy (第131回成医会総会一般演題)

若林太一,小林博司,樋口孝,嶋田洋太,井田博幸,大橋十也
東京慈恵会医科大学雑誌 129(6), 229-229, 2014-11-15
NAID 120005531502

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「その他メモ」「生体外」「in vitro」「vitro」「エキソビボ」
関連記事	「vi」「Ex」

「その他メモ」

　　[★]

学会メモ

概日時計
- 自律性
- 同調性
- 温度補償性
  - 哺乳類の場合、mPer1,2,3とmCry1,2がある。
  - 培養細胞レベルでも時計機構を有する
iPS
- iPSとES細胞との違い
- iPSは拒絶されない組織を作ることができるが、ES細胞は拒絶される。
- 現在のガイドラインは、個体作成は認めないこと、神経細胞を大脳皮質に移植しないこと、らしい
遺伝子治療
- ex vivo
  - 骨髄系の細胞に限られる
- in vivo
  - 現在の主流
ベクター系
- ウイルス系
- 非ウイルス系
  - アデノウイルス
    - 細胞質内にとどまる
    - 高いウイルス力価
    - 免疫原性を有する
  - レトロウイルスやレンチウイルス
    - 染色体内に挿入される
    - 細胞分裂が必要 →分裂しない細胞には無効
    - 低いウイルス力価
Pott症候群
- メチレーションの異常。meCP
リンパ管内皮マーカー
- 5'nucleotidase
- VEGFR-3
- LYVE-1
- prox-1
- podoplanin

特別講演メモ

要調査 080607

血中における白血球の比率が変動する遺伝的疾患とは？

「生体外」

　　[★]

英: vitro、ex vivo、in vitro、ex vivo
関: インビトロ、エキソビボ、試験管内、ビトロ

「in vitro」

　　[★]

試験管内で、生体外で、インビトロの

関: ex vivo、vitro

「vitro」

　　[★]

n.

生体外、ビトロ

関: ex vivo、in vitro

in vitro

「エキソビボ」

　　[★]

英: ex vivo、ex vivo
関: 生体外

「vi」

　　[★]

初速度 initial velocity

linux

検索

:/<文字列>　：　文字列 を検索する（順方向） 
:?<文字列>　：　文字列を検索する（逆方向） 
:n　　　　　：　順方向へ検索する  
:N　　　　　：　逆方向へ検索する

終了

:q　　　　　：　(何も変更していない場合)保存せずに終了
:q!　　　　　：　(何か変更した場合)保存せずに終了

「Ex」

　　[★]

education
指導計画 educational plan

匿名

検索

案内

案内

ex vivo