WordNet

select to play,sing, or dance a part in a play, movie, musical, opera, or ballet; "He cast a young woman in the role of Desdemona"
the distinctive form in which a thing is made; "pottery of this cast was found throughout the region" (同)mold, mould, stamp
object formed by a mold (同)casting
bandage consisting of a firm covering (often made of plaster of Paris) that immobilizes broken bones while they heal (同)plaster_cast, plaster_bandage
the act of throwing dice (同)roll
the actors in a play (同)cast of characters, dramatis_personae
form by pouring (e.g., wax or hot metal) into a cast or mold; "cast a bronze sculpture" (同)mold, mould
assign the roles of (a movie or a play) to actors; "Who cast this beautiful movie?"
deposit; "cast a vote"; "cast a ballot"
apply a plaster cast to; "plaster the broken arm"
a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand and water; hardens into a smooth solid; used to cover walls and ceilings
adhesive tape used in dressing wounds (同)adhesive_plaster, sticking_plaster
a surface of hardened plaster (as on a wall or ceiling); "there were cracks in the plaster" (同)plasterwork
cover conspicuously or thickly, as by pasting something on; "The demonstrators plastered the hallways with posters"; "She let the walls of the apartment be beplastered with stucco" (同)beplaster
coat with plaster; "daub the wall" (同)daub
apply a heavy coat to (同)plaster over, stick on
affix conspicuously; "She plastered warnings all over the wall"
the enclosing frame around a door or window opening; "the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced" (同)case
the outermost covering of a pneumatic tire
the act of throwing a fishing line out over the water by means of a rod and reel (同)cast
the choice of actors to play particular roles in a play or movie
(of hair) made smooth by applying a sticky or glossy substance; "black hair plastered with pomade" (同)slicked
(of walls) covered with a coat of plaster (同)sealed

PrepTutorEJDIC

…'を'『投げる』,ほうる / …'を'『投げ捨てる』,ほうり出す《+『off』+『名』,+『名』+『off』》 / (…に)〈影・光〉'を'『投げ掛ける』;〈疑に・魔法など〉'を'かける《+『名』+『on』 (『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈目・視線など〉'を'『向ける』,投げ掛ける / 〈票〉'を'『投じる』 / (…に)〈名誉・祝福〉'を'与える,〈非難など〉'を'浴びせる《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / (人に)〈役〉'を'つける《+『名』〈役〉+『to』+『名』》;(ある役に)〈人〉'を'当てる《+『名』+『for』+『名』〈役〉》 / (鋳型に流し込んで)…'を'鋳造する / 物を投げる,(特に)釣り糸を投げる / 鋳造される / 〈C〉『投げること』,(光・影・視線などを)投げかけること / 〈C〉(物を)投げられる距離,射程 / 〈C〉(劇・映鹿を)『配役』 / 〈C〉(骨折した手足を固定する)ギプス / 〈C〉(…の)鋳型,鋳造[物]《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉〈U〉(人・物の特懲的な)外形,外観;(…の)型,傾向;性質《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…の)色あい,色調《+『of』+『名』》 / 《a cast》(材木などの)ゆがみ,そり;《まれ》(軽度の)斜視
〈U〉『しっくい』,プラスター〈C〉こう薬 / 〈壁・天井など〉‘に'しっくいを塗る / (…を)…‘に'べたべた塗る(はる)《+『名』+『with』(『on』)+『名』》;(…に)…‘を'べたべた塗る(はる)《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 〈体など〉‘に'こう薬をはる / 《話》…‘を'完敗させる
箱,包装,おおい / (電線・タイヤなどの)被覆,(ソーセージの)皮 / (ドア・窓などの)わく;額縁
〈U〉投げること / 〈U〉〈C〉鋳造,塑造　鋳物 / 〈C〉配役
へべれけに酔った

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/15 07:45:32」(JST)

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Plaster cast bust of George Washington by Jean-Antoine Houdon based on a life mask cast in 1786.

A plaster cast is a copy made in plaster of another 3-dimensional form. The original from which the cast is taken may be a sculpture, building, a face, a fossil or other remains such as fresh or fossilised footprints – particularly in palaeontology (a track of dinosaur footprints made in this way can be seen outside the Oxford University Museum of Natural History).

Sometimes a blank block of plaster itself was carved to produce mock-ups or first drafts of sculptures (usually relief sculptures) that would ultimately be sculpted in stone, by measuring exactly from the cast, for example by using a pointing machine. These are still described as plaster casts. Examples of these by John Flaxman may be found in the central rotunda of the library at University College London, and elsewhere in the University's collections. It may also describe a finished original sculpture made out of plaster, though these are rarer.

Method

Plaster is applied to the original to create a mould or cast (that is, a negative impression) of the original). This mould is then removed and fresh plaster is poured into it, creating a copy in plaster of the original. Usually very elaborate moulds were made out of several to even dozens of pieces, to cast the more difficult undercut sculptures. Plaster is not flexible, therefore the moulds were made as 3D jigsaw puzzles for easy removal of the original and the cast from the mould. Later gelatine, rubber and silicone moulds were used, backed by plaster or polyester for support.

History

Early

The practice of reproducing famous sculptures in plaster originally dates back to the sixteenth century when Leone Leoni assembled a collection of casts in Milan. He collected "as many of the most celebrated works… carved and cast, antique and modern as he was able to obtain anywhere". Such private collections, however, remained modest and uncommon until the 18th century.

Classical sculpture

Use of such casts was particularly prevalent among classicists of the 18th and 19th centuries, and by 1800 there were extensive collections in Berlin, Paris, Vienna and elsewhere. By creating copies of ancient Greek and Roman sculptures held at various museums across Europe in this way, a reference collection of all the best and most representative sculptural types could be formed, at a fraction of the cost of purchasing original sculptures, which scholars could consult without necessarily having to travel abroad to see all the originals. These casts could also be used in experiments in polychromy (reconstructing paint layers found on sculptures), reconstruction (e.g. Adolf Furtwängler's reconstruction of the Lemnian Athena from pieces found in different places), and for filling holes in a museum's collections of actual sculpture (e.g. the British Museum sent casts of some of its Mesopotamian collection to the Louvre in return for a cast of the Louvre's Code of Hammurabi).

Other ancient cultures

The West Court of the Cast Courts of the Victorian and Albert Museum.

The technique was also applied later that century to reliefs from Ancient Egypt and friezes from Mesopotamia (examples of both of which may be seen on the North-East Staircase and in Room 52 of the British Museum), as well as to medieval and Renaissance sculptures (as may be seen in the Cast Courts at the Victoria and Albert Museum, which were a product of growing interest in medieval art at that time and the resulting desire to have a 'reference collection' of such art). In the early 19th century, for example, perhaps as an expression of national pride, casts were made of outstanding national monuments particularly in France and Germany.

Cast collections

As well as those locations mentioned above, classical cast collections may be seen at the Museum of Classical Archaeology at the University of Cambridge, at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, in the Royal Cast Collection in Copenhagen, and the Bellarmine Museum of Art at Fairfield University. The British Museum also holds classical casts, but these are currently all in storage.

External links

Plaster cast collections database of over 175 locations worldwide
Conference on the use of plaster casts
Cast Collection, Copenhagen
University of Cambridge: Museum of Classical Archaeology
History of the Oxford cast collection
Fairfield University Plaster Cast Collection
V&A Museum: Caring for Plaster

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