- 同
- PTT
- 同
- PTT
- 同
- PTT
WordNet
- set the speed, duration, or execution of; "we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely"
- a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something; "take time to smell the roses"; "I didnt have time to finish"; "it took more than half my time"
- a suitable moment; "it is time to go"
- adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time; "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely"
- an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor in his time"
- regulate or set the time of; "time the clock"
- the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
- an instance or single occasion for some event; "this time he succeeded"; "he called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip" (同)clip
- a persons experience on a particular occasion; "he had a time holding back the tears"; "they had a good time together"
- assign a time for an activity or event; "The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene"
- showing favoritism
- being or affecting only a part; not total; "a partial description of the suspect"; "partial collapse"; "a partial eclipse"; "a partial monopoly"; "partial immunity"
- shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii (同)Cordyline terminalis
- the syllable naming the seventh (subtonic) note of any musical scale in solmization (同)te, si
- the regulation of occurrence, pace, or coordination to achieve a desired effect (as in music, theater, athletics, mechanics)
- the time when something happens
- a more or less definite period of time now or previously present; "it was a sign of the times"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉《冠詞をつけずに》(空間に対しての)『時間』,時 / 〈U〉(時計で示される)『時刻』 / 〈U〉(ある方式で決められる)『時間』,標準時 / 〈C〉〈U〉(特定の)『時』,おり,ころ / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある長さの)『時間』,期間 / 〈U〉(要する)『時間』;暇 / 《しばしば複数形で》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 《複数形で》時勢,景気 / 《one's ~》(個人の)一生;若いころ;生涯の特定の時期 / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある経験をした)『時間』 / 〈C〉『…回』,度 / 〈C〉『…倍』 / …の時間を定める / (…に)…の調子を合わせる《+名+to+名》 / …の時間を計る
- (また『part』)『一部分の』,部分的な;不完全な / 不公平な,偏った / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…が)特に好きで《+『to』+『名』》
- シ(全音階の第7音)
- 時間の調節;時間を測定[記録]すること
- …掛ける
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/05/07 22:23:02」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
"KccT" redirects here. For the radio station, see KCCT.
Partial thromboplastin time |
Intervention |
Common notation of coagulation times in medical records
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MeSH |
D010314 |
[edit on Wikidata]
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The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT) is a medical test that characterizes blood coagulation. A historic name for this measure is the Kaolin cephalin clotting time (KccT).[1] Apart from detecting abnormalities in blood clotting,[2] partial thromboplastin time is also used to monitor the treatment effects with heparin, a widely prescribed drug that reduces blood's tendency to clot. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) measures the overall speed at which blood clots by means of two consecutive series of biochemical reactions known as the "intrinsic" (now referred to as the contact activation pathway) and common coagulation pathways. The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is used in conjunction with another measure of how quickly blood clotting takes place called the prothrombin time (PT). The prothrombin time measures the speed of clotting by means of the extrinsic pathway (also known as the tissue factor pathway).
Contents
- 1 Methodology
- 2 Interpretation
- 3 History
- 4 References
Methodology
Blue Top Vacutainer tube used for PT and PTT blood tests
Partial thromboplastin time is typically analyzed by a medical technologist or a laboratory technician on an automated instrument at 37 °C (as a nominal approximation of normal human body temperature). The test is termed "partial" due to the absence of tissue factor from the reaction mixture.
- Blood is drawn into a test tube containing oxalate or citrate, molecules which act as an anticoagulant by binding the calcium in a sample. The blood is mixed, then centrifuged to separate blood cells from plasma (as Partial thromboplastin time is most commonly measured using blood plasma).
- A sample of the plasma is extracted from the test tube and placed into a measuring test tube.
- Next, an excess of calcium (in a phospholipid suspension) is mixed into the plasma sample (to reverse the anticoagulant effect of the oxalate enabling the blood to clot again).
- Finally, in order to activate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, an activator (such as silica, celite, kaolin, ellagic acid) is added, and the time the sample takes to clot is measured optically. Some laboratories use a mechanical measurement, which eliminates interferences from lipemic and icteric samples.
Interpretation
The typical reference range is between 30 seconds and 50 s (depending on laboratory). Shortening of the PTT is considered to have little clinical relevance, but some research indicates that it might increase risk of thromboembolism.[3] Normal PTT times require the presence of the following coagulation factors: I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, & XII. Notably, deficiencies in factors VII or XIII will not be detected with the PTT test. Prolonged APTT may indicate:
- use of heparin (or contamination of the sample)
- antiphospholipid antibody (especially lupus anticoagulant, which paradoxically increases propensity to thrombosis)
- coagulation factor deficiency (e.g. hemophilia)
- Sepsis - coagulation factor consumption
- Presence of antibodies against coagulation factors (factor inhibitors)
To distinguish the above causes, mixing tests are performed, in which the patient's plasma is mixed (initially at a 50:50 dilution) with normal plasma. If the abnormality does not disappear, the sample is said to contain an "inhibitor" (either heparin, antiphospholipid antibodies or coagulation factor specific inhibitors), while if it does disappear a factor deficiency is more likely. Deficiencies of factors VIII, IX, XI and XII and rarely von Willebrand factor (if causing a low factor VIII level) may lead to a prolonged aPTT correcting on mixing studies.
‹ The template below (Bleeding worksheet) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus.›
Laboratory findings in various platelet and coagulation disorders (V - T)
Condition |
Prothrombin time |
Partial thromboplastin time |
Bleeding time |
Platelet count |
Vitamin K deficiency or warfarin |
Prolonged |
Normal or mildly prolonged |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
Prolonged |
Prolonged |
Prolonged |
Decreased |
Von Willebrand disease |
Unaffected |
Prolonged or unaffected |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Haemophilia |
Unaffected |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Aspirin |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Thrombocytopenia |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Prolonged |
Decreased |
Liver failure, early |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Liver failure, end-stage |
Prolonged |
Prolonged |
Prolonged |
Decreased |
Uremia |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Congenital afibrinogenemia |
Prolonged |
Prolonged |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Factor V deficiency |
Prolonged |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Factor X deficiency as seen in amyloid purpura |
Prolonged |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Bernard-Soulier syndrome |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
Prolonged |
Decreased or unaffected |
Factor XII deficiency |
Unaffected |
Prolonged |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
C1INH deficiency |
Unaffected |
Shortened |
Unaffected |
Unaffected |
History
The aPTT was first described in 1953 by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill explaining the Carolina blue Vacutainer tube top color.[4]
References
- ^ "KCCT - General Practice Notebook". GP Notebook. Oxbridge Solutions Ltd. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
- ^ "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)". Retrieved 2009-01-01.
- ^ Korte, Wolfgang; Clarke, Susan; Lefkowitz, Jerry B. (January 2000). "Short activated partial thromboplastin times are related to increased thrombin generation and an increased risk for thromboembolism". American journal of clinical pathology 113 (1): 123–7. doi:10.1309/G98J-ANA9-RMNC-XLYU. PMID 10631865.
- ^ Langdell RD, Wagner RH, Brinkhous KM (1953). "Effect of antihemophilic factor on one-stage clotting tests; a presumptive test for hemophilia and a simple one-stage antihemophilic factor assy procedure". J. Lab. Clin. Med. 41 (4): 637–47. PMID 13045017.
Myeloid blood tests (CPT 85002–85999)
|
|
Clotting |
- CBC
- Mean platelet volume
- vWF:
- Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation
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|
clotting factors: |
- Prothrombin time
- Partial thromboplastin time
- Thrombin time
- Activated clotting time
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other/general: |
- coagulation
- Bleeding time
- animal enzyme
- Reptilase time
- Ecarin clotting time
- Dilute Russell's viper venom time
- Thromboelastography
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fibrinolysis: |
- Euglobulin lysis time
- D-dimer
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|
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Red blood cell indices |
CBC |
- RBC count
- Hematocrit
- Hemoglobin
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ratios: |
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
- Mean corpuscular volume
- Red blood cell distribution width
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|
Fetal hemoglobin: |
- Apt–Downey test
- Kleihauer–Betke test
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Other |
- Reticulocyte index
- Haptoglobin
- Mentzer index
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|
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CFU-GM |
- Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride test
- Complete blood count
- Absolute neutrophil count
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|
Other |
- Blood film
- Blood viscosity
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Adsorption of tranexamic acid on hydroxyapatite: Toward the development of biomaterials with local hemostatic activity.
- Sarda S1, Errassifi F2, Marsan O3, Geffre A4, Trumel C4, Drouet C3.
- Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2016 Sep 1;66:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.032. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
- This work proposes to combine tranexamic acid (TAX), a clinically used antifibrinolytic agent, and hydroxyapatite (HA), widely used in bone replacement, to produce a novel bioactive apatitic biomaterial with intrinsic hemostatic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate adsorptive behavio
- PMID 27207032
- Optimization of chemical sulfation, structural characterization and anticoagulant activity of Agaricus bisporus fucogalactan.
- Román Y1, Iacomini M2, Sassaki GL2, Cipriani TR3.
- Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Aug 1;146:345-52. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.061. Epub 2016 Mar 22.
- A fucogalactan (E) was isolated from aqueous extract of Agaricus bisporus. The monosaccharide composition, methylation, and NMR analyses showed it is constituted by a (1→6)-linked α-d-Galp main-chain, partially methylated at O-3, and partially substituted at O-2 by non-reducing end-units of α-l-
- PMID 27112883
- Preventive effect of a novel diosgenin derivative on arterial and venous thrombosis in vivo.
- Zheng H1, Wei Z2, Xin G3, Ji C4, Wen L1, Xia Q5, Niu H6, Huang W7.
- Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2016 Jul 15;26(14):3364-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.032. Epub 2016 May 11.
- Current therapy for blood vessel thrombosis has the risk of leading to gastrointestinal bleeding and thrombocytopenia. We previously reported that a new derivative of diosgenin, compound 5, had significant anti-inflammatory activity superior to that of aspirin, prolonged bleeding time, and inhibited
- PMID 27217000
Japanese Journal
- 「凝固・線溶系異常」を読む検査 : PT(prothrombin time、プロトロンビン時間) APTT(activated partial thromboplastin time、活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間) (特集 ズバッと読み取る! 検査値アセスメント 検査値の"ここ見て!"9項目)
- ABO Blood Type and Response of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time to Dabigatran in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients
- Suzuki Shinya,Otsuka Takayuki,Sagara Koichi [他]
- Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 79(10), 2274-2277, 2015-10
- NAID 40020593676
- 新規血友病A 患者に対する第VIII因子製剤を用いた緊急対応 : 2 乳児例報告
- 市川 純子,佐藤 雄也,加納 優治,奥谷 真由子,今高 城治,福島 啓太郎,黒澤 秀光,有阪 治
- Dokkyo journal of medical sciences 42(2), 83-87, 2015-07-25
- 確定診断前に凝固第VIII因子(F VIII)製剤の緊急投与を要した重症型血友病A の2 乳児例を報告する.症例1 は10 か月男児.反復する嘔吐を主訴に入院した.左上肢に腫張を伴う筋肉内出血と硬膜外血腫を認めた.症例2 は10 か月男児.止血困難な口唇裂傷後の出血を主訴に来院し,重度の貧血を認めた.2 例ともプロトロンビン時間(PT)正常,活性化プロトロンビン時間(APTT)の著明な延長より,血 …
- NAID 110009929979
Related Links
- Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that looks at how long it takes for blood to clot. It can help tell if you have a bleeding problem or if your blood does not clot properly. A related blood test is prothrombin time (PT).
- Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that measures the time it takes blood to clot. A PTT test can be used to screen for bleeding abnormalities. ... Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that measures the time it ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- partial thromboplastin time, PTT
- 関
- 活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間 APTT、血液凝固因子
- PTT検査では、血漿がプラスチックやガラスメント接触することにより接触因子が部分的に活性化され、測定値に影響した。
- そのため、PTT測定試薬にカオリン、セライト、エラジン酸などを加えて接触因子をあらかじめ活性化させることで、測定を安定化させるようにした。
[★]
部分トロンボプラスチン時間 partial thromboplastin time
[★]
活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間 APTT aPTT
[★]
活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間 aPTT
[★]
- most of the time 大抵の場合は
- 関
- duration、fold、hour、hr、long-term effect、moment、period、phase、stage、term
[★]
- 関
- division、in part、moiety、part、partially、partly、piece、portion、region
[★]
[★]
トロンボプラスチン