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natural process that causes something to form; "the formation of gas in the intestine"; "the formation of crystals"; "the formation of pseudopods"
the act of fabricating something in a particular shape (同)shaping
a particular spatial arrangement
creation by mental activity; "the formation of sentences"; "the formation of memories"
an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit; "a defensive formation"; "a formation of planes"

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〈U〉(…の)『形成』,構成,育成《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉形成されたもの,構成物;(その)構造,組織 / 〈U〉〈C〉隊形,陣形

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/28 12:05:43」(JST)

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The paramedian pontine reticular formation, or PPRF, is part of the pontine reticular formation, a brain region without clearly defined borders in the center of the pons. It is involved in the coordination of eye movements, particularly horizontal gaze and saccades.

Input, Output, and Function[edit]

The PPRF is located anterior and lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). It receives input from the superior colliculus via the predorsal bundle and from the frontal eye fields via frontopontine fibers. The rostral PPRF probably coordinates vertical saccades; the caudal PPRF may be the generator of horizontal saccades. In particular, activity of the excitatory burst neurons (EBNs) in the PPRF generates the "pulse" movement that initiates a saccade. In the case of horizontal saccades the "pulse" information is conveyed via axonal fibers to the abducens nucleus, initiating lateral eye movements. The angular velocity of the eye during horizontal saccade ranges from 100 to 700 degrees per second. Larger saccades have faster pulses; the PPRF is involved in this determination.^[1]

Lesions[edit]

Unilateral lesions of the PPRF produce characteristic findings:^[2]

Loss of horizontal saccades directed towards the side of the lesion, no matter the current position of gaze
Contralateral gaze deviation (acute lesions, such as early stroke, only)
Gaze-evoked lateral nystagmus on looking away from the side of the lesion

Bilateral lesions produce horizontal gaze palsy and slowing of vertical saccades

References[edit]

^ Brazis, P.W., Masdeu, J.C., and Biller, J. Localization in Clinical Neurology, 4th edition. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2001; pp. 213–216. ISBN 0-7817-2843-6
^ Adapted from Leigh, R.J., and Zee, D.S. The Neurology of Eye Movements, 3rd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1999; p. 499. ISBN 0-19-512972-5

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia plus ataxia indicates a dorsomedial tegmental lesion at the pontomesencephalic junction.

Lee SU1, Kim HJ2, Park JJ3, Kim JS4.
Journal of neurology.J Neurol.2016 May;263(5):973-80. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8088-1. Epub 2016 Mar 19.
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) indicates a lesion involving the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) that interconnects the abducens nucleus and medial rectus subnucleus of the oculomotor nuclear complex. In fact, rostral-caudal localization value of the INO is often limited except when it accom
PMID 26995360

Abnormal tuning of saccade-related cells in pontine reticular formation of strabismic monkeys.

Walton MM1, Mustari MJ2.
Journal of neurophysiology.J Neurophysiol.2015 Aug;114(2):857-68. doi: 10.1152/jn.00238.2015. Epub 2015 Jun 10.
Strabismus is a common disorder, characterized by a chronic misalignment of the eyes and numerous visual and oculomotor abnormalities. For example, saccades are often highly disconjugate. For humans with pattern strabismus, the horizontal and vertical disconjugacies vary with eye position. In monkey
PMID 26063778

"Nine" syndrome: A new neuro-ophthalmologic syndrome: Report of two cases.

Mahale RR1, Mehta A1, John AA1, Javali M1, Abbas MM1, Rangasetty S1.
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.Ann Indian Acad Neurol.2015 Jul-Sep;18(3):335-7. doi: 10.4103/0972-2327.157180.
"Eight-and-a-half" syndrome is a rare condition involving the ipsilateral abducens nucleus or paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and the adjacent facial colliculus/facial nerve fascicle. The condition is often caused by a lesion (vasc
PMID 26425014

Japanese Journal

異常眼球運動を呈した多発性硬化症例 : 神経耳科学的検討の有用性

梅原毅,濱村亮次,木村光宏,川内秀之
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 103(12), 1085-1092, 2010-12-01
… We report a 62-year-old man with left paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) disorder. …
NAID 10027449618

右椎骨動脈閉塞により同側の傍正中橋網様体の障害の後, 核間性眼筋麻痺が出現した1例

宗田高穂,高垣匡寿,山田公人,出原誠,寺本佳史,森内秀祐,伊藤守
脳卒中 32(2), 203-206, 2010-03-25
NAID 10026430632

An Isolated Horizontal-Gaze Paresis in a Patient with Pontine Infarction

Taguchi Yoshiharu,Okamoto Soushi,Takashima Shutaro,Tanaka Kortaro
Internal Medicine 49(18), 2025-2026, 2010
NAID 130000336898

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「傍正中網様体」「橋網様体正中傍部」「PPRF」「傍正中部橋網様体」
拡張検索	「paramedian pontine reticular formation syndrome」
関連記事	「formation」「pontine」「reticula」

「傍正中網様体」

Brain: Paramedian pontine reticular formation
	; Axial section of the pons at the level of the facial colliculus (PPRF not labeled, but region is visible, near abducens nucleus)
NeuroNames	ancil-479