WordNet

perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information; "The results of the elections were still being processed when he gave his acceptance speech"
a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; "events now in process"; "the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls" (同)physical process
(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the cognitive operation of remembering" (同)cognitive_process, mental_process, operation, cognitive operation
a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; "a bony process" (同)outgrowth, appendage
a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial" (同)unconscious process
subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; "process cheese"; "process hair"; "treat the water so it can be drunk"; "treat the lawn with chemicals" ; "treat an oil spill" (同)treat
deal with in a routine way; "Ill handle that one"; "process a loan"; "process the applicants"
of or relating to a palace
either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits (同)palatine_bone, os palatinum
(Middle Ages) the lord of a palatinate who exercised sovereign powers over his lands (同)palsgrave
any of various important officials in ancient Rome
of or relating to a count palatine and his royal prerogatives
preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure; "the processing of newly arrived immigrants"; "the processing of ore to obtain minerals"
subjected to a special process or treatment; "prepared ergot"; "processed cheeses are easy to spread"
prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process; "processed ores"
the most important of the Seven Hills of Rome; supposedly the location of the first settlement and the site of many imperial palaces

PrepTutorEJDIC

(自然の)『作用』,過程 / (物事の)『手順』,方法 / (技術上の)製法,工程 / 召喚状,出頭令状;訴訟過程 / (動植物の組織の)隆起,突起 / 加工(処理,調整)した / 〈食品〉‘を'加工する / 〈写真フイルム〉‘を'現像する / 〈資料〉‘を'コンピューターにかける / …‘を'一定の手順で処理する,(整理する,調査する)
自領内で王権を持った / パラチン伯の / 〈C〉パラチン伯(自分の領土内で王権を行使できる昔の領主)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/17 00:04:46」(JST)

wiki en

In human anatomy of the mouth, the palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), is a thick, horizontal process of the maxilla. It forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate, the horizontal plate of the palatine bone making up the rest.

Structure

It is perforated by numerous foramina for the passage of the nutrient vessels; is channelled at the back part of its lateral border by a groove, sometimes a canal, for the transmission of the descending palatine vessels and the anterior palatine nerve from the spheno-palatine ganglion; and presents little depressions for the lodgement of the palatine glands.

When the two maxillae are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth.

In this opening the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve.

On the under surface of the palatine process, a delicate linear suture, well seen in young skulls, may sometimes be noticed extending laterally and forward on either side from the incisive foramen to the interval between the lateral incisor and the canine tooth.

The small part in front of this suture constitutes the premaxilla (os incisivum), which in most vertebrates forms an independent bone; it includes the whole thickness of the alveolus, the corresponding part of the floor of the nose and the anterior nasal spine, and contains the sockets of the incisor teeth.

The upper surface of the palatine process is concave from side to side, smooth, and forms the greater part of the floor of the nasal cavity. It presents, close to its medial margin, the upper orifice of the incisive canal.

The lateral border of the process is incorporated with the rest of the bone.

The medial border is thicker in front than behind, and is raised above into a ridge, the nasal crest, which, with the corresponding ridge of the opposite bone, forms a groove for the reception of the vomer. The front part of this ridge rises to a considerable height, and is named the incisor crest; it is prolonged forward into a sharp process, which forms, together with a similar process of the opposite bone, the anterior nasal spine.

The posterior border is serrated for articulation with the horizontal part of the palatine bone.

Variation

Occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal.

Clinical significance

Additional images

Position of palatine process (shown in red).
Maxilla. Palatine process shown in red.
Inferior surface of maxilla. Palatine process shown in red.
Inferior surface of maxilla. The bony palate and alveolar arch.
Left maxilla. Nasal surface.
Base of skull. Inferior surface.
Roof, floor, and lateral wall of left nasal cavity.
Sagittal section of skull. (Palatine process labeled at bottom right.)
Medial surface of right maxilla. (Palatine process labeled at center.)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Palatine process of maxilla.

Anatomy photo:22:os-1909 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Osteology of the Skull: The Maxilla"
Palatine+process+of+maxilla at eMedicine Dictionary
Atlas image: rsa1p7 at the University of Michigan Health System - "Nasal septum, lateral view"
Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier

UpToDate Contents

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1. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the oral cavity
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5. リウマチ性多発筋痛の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica

English Journal

Divergent palate morphology in turtles and birds correlates with differences in proliferation and BMP2 expression during embryonic development.

Abramyan J, Leung KJ, Richman JM.Author information Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.AbstractDuring embryonic development, amniotes typically form outgrowths from the medial sides of the maxillary prominences called palatal shelves or palatine processes. In mammals the shelves fuse in the midline and form a bony hard palate that completely separates the nasal and oral cavities. In birds and lizards, palatine processes develop but remain unfused, leaving a natural cleft. Adult turtles do not possess palatine processes and unlike other amniotes, the internal nares open into the oral cavity. Here we investigate craniofacial ontogeny in the turtle, Emydura subglobosa to determine whether vestigial palatine processes develop and subsequently regress, or whether development fails entirely. We found that the primary palate in turtles develops similarly to other amniotes, but secondary palate ontogeny diverges. Using histology, cellular dynamics and in situ hybridization we found no evidence of palatine process development at any time during ontogeny of the face in the turtle. Furthermore, detailed comparisons with chicken embryos (the model organism most closely related to turtles from a molecular phylogeny perspective), we identified differences in proliferation and gene expression patterns that correlate with the differences in palate morphology. We propose that, in turtles, palatine process outgrowth is never initiated due to a lack of mesenchymal bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression in the maxillary mesenchyme, which in turn fails to induce the relatively higher cellular proliferation required for medial tissue outgrowth. It is likely that these differences between turtles and birds arose after the divergence of the lineage leading to modern turtles. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 9999B: 1-13, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution.J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol.2013 Dec 9. doi: 10.1002/jez.b.22547. [Epub ahead of print]
During embryonic development, amniotes typically form outgrowths from the medial sides of the maxillary prominences called palatal shelves or palatine processes. In mammals the shelves fuse in the midline and form a bony hard palate that completely separates the nasal and oral cavities. In birds and
PMID 24323766

Imaging of neuroinflammation in parkinsonian syndromes with positron emission tomography.

Gerhard A.Author information Wolfson Molecular Imaging Center, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, 27 Palatine Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK, alex.gerhard@manchester.ac.uk.AbstractMicroglial activation is a key aspect of the neuroinflammatory process in neurodegenerative disorders including idiopathic and atypical parkinsonian disorders. Using positron emission tomography, it has become possible to image this phenomenon in vivo and over the last years patterns of microglia activation corresponding well known distribution of neuropathologic changes in these disorders have successfully been demonstrated using this technique. It has also been possible to measure the effects of interventions aimed at suppressing microglia activation as part interventional trials. Current research aims at evaluating positron emission tomography tracers for microglial activation with more favorable properties than the prototypical [(11)C]-(R)-PK11195, as well as developing tracers targeting additional parameters of the neuroinflammatory process like astroglial function or the cannabinoid receptor type 2.
Current neurology and neuroscience reports.Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep.2013 Dec;13(12):405. doi: 10.1007/s11910-013-0405-9.
Microglial activation is a key aspect of the neuroinflammatory process in neurodegenerative disorders including idiopathic and atypical parkinsonian disorders. Using positron emission tomography, it has become possible to image this phenomenon in vivo and over the last years patterns of microglia ac
PMID 24142850

Three-dimensional bone CT reconstruction anatomy of the vidian canal.

Liu SC, Wang HW, Kao HL, Hsiao PC, Su WF.AbstractOBJECTIVES: To examine the anatomical features of the anterior opening of the vidian canal using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images of the bone.
Rhinology.Rhinology.2013 Dec;51(4):306-14. doi: 10.4193/Rhin12.189.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the anatomical features of the anterior opening of the vidian canal using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images of the bone.METHODS: We reviewed 62 patients who had undergone bilateral vidian neurectomies. One hundred and twenty-four vidian canals and their su
PMID 24260762

Japanese Journal

New Phylogenetic Proposal for the Family Leptoscopidae (Perciformes: Trachinoidei)

ODANI Kenji,IMAMURA Hisashi
北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 61(2・3), 49-63, 2011-12-00
… laminar process present on dorsalsurface of ethmoid; … medially-directed palatine process; …
NAID 40019217188

Redescription of a Poorly Known Deepwater Cardinalfish, Epigonus affinis (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Epigonidae), and Comparison with Related Species

Okamoto Makoto,Motomura Hiroyuki,Asahida Takashi
Species diversity : an international journal for taxonomy, systematics, speciation, biogeography, and life history research of animals 16(3-4), 85-92, 2011-11-30
… This species differs from other congeners in having the following combination of characters: presence of a pungent opercular spine and palatine teeth; …
NAID 110008802405

口蓋粘膜除去後初期におけるケラチノサイト, ランゲルハンス細胞, メルケル細胞およびメラニン産生細胞の再生

鏡明展,松坂賢一,國分克寿,井上孝
日本口腔粘膜学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Oral Mucous Membrane 16(1), 1-9, 2010-06-30
本研究は，口蓋粘膜における創傷治癒過程を，表皮内のケラチノサイトの増殖と分化，および基底膜の再生，ランゲルハンス細胞，メルケル細胞およびメラニン産生細胞の再生に焦点を当て検索した。ゴールデンハムスターが実験に使われ，上顎口蓋皺壁第4条部を弯刃刀にて骨膜を含み切除した。対照群および実験群の動物は，術後7，14，21日目に屠殺した。上顎骨を切除し，10%ホルマリンにて固定した。パラフィン切片が切られ， …
NAID 10029373469

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「口蓋突起」
関連記事	「process」「processing」「palatine」

「口蓋突起」

Palatine process of maxilla
	Inferior surface of maxilla. The bony palate and alveolar arch. (Palatine process labeled at bottom right.)
	Inferior surface of maxilla.
Latin	processus palatinus ossis maxillae, processus palatinus maxillae
Gray's	p.162
TA	A02.1.12.029
	Anatomical terms of bone