palatine bone

口蓋骨

WordNet

1. of or relating to a palace
2. either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits (同)palatine_bone, os palatinum
3. (Middle Ages) the lord of a palatinate who exercised sovereign powers over his lands (同)palsgrave
4. any of various important officials in ancient Rome
5. of or relating to a count palatine and his royal prerogatives
6. remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
7. the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
8. consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
9. a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
10. rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
11. having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
12. having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned
13. a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance (同)castanets, clappers, finger cymbals
14. the most important of the Seven Hills of Rome; supposedly the location of the first settlement and the site of many imperial palaces

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 自領内で王権を持った / パラチン伯の / 〈C〉パラチン伯(自分の領土内で王権を行使できる昔の領主)
2. 〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
3. (魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/26 15:25:39」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Palatine bone
Permanent teeth of upper dental arch, seen from below. (Horizontal part of palatine bone visible at bottom.)
Sagittal section of skull. (Palatine bone is labeled at bottom left.)
Latin	Os palatinum
Gray's	subject #41 166
MeSH	Palatine+Bone
TA	A02.1.13.001
FMA	FMA:52746

The palatine bone (/ˈpælətaɪn/) is a bone in many species of the animal kingdom, commonly termed the palatum (Latin palatum; unrelated to palatium 'palace', from which other senses of palatine derive).

Human anatomy

The palatine bones are paired bones of the skull that are situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid.

It contributes to the walls of three cavities: the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbit; it enters into the formation of two fossæ, the pterygopalatine and pterygoid fossæ; and one fissure, the inferior orbital fissure.

The palatine bone somewhat resembles the letter L, and consists of a horizontal plate and a perpendicular plate and three outstanding processes—viz., the pyramidal process, which is directed backward and lateralward from the junction of the two parts, and the orbital and sphenoidal processes, which surmount the vertical part, and are separated by a deep notch, the sphenopalatine notch. The two plates form the posterior part of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity; anteriorly, they join with the maxillae. The two horizontal plates articulate with each other at the posterior part of the median palatine suture and more anteriorly with the maxillae at the transverse palatine suture.

The human palatine articulates with six bones: the sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, inferior nasal concha, vomer and opposite palatine.

There are two important foramina in the palatine bones that transmit nerves and blood vessels to this region: the greater and lesser palatine). The larger greater palatine foramen is located in the posterolateral region of each of the palatine bones, usually at the apex of the maxillary third molar. The greater palatine foramen transmits the greater palatine nerve and blood vessels. A smaller opening nearby, the lesser palatine foramen, transmits the lesser palatine nerve and blood vessels to the soft palate and tonsils. Both foramina are openings of the pterygopalatine canal that carries the descending palatine nerves and blood vessels from the pterygopalatine fossa to the palate.

The sphenopalatine foramen is the opening between the sphenoid bone and orbital processes of the palatine bone; it opens into the nasal cavity and gives passage to branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion and the sphenopalatine artery from the maxillary artery.

In other animals

In bony fish the palatine bone consists of the perpendicular plate only, lying on the inner edge of the maxilla. The lower surface of the bone may bear several teeth, forming a second row behind those of the maxilla; in many cases, these are actually larger than the maxillary teeth. Although a similar pattern was present in primitive tetrapods, the palatine bone is reduced in most living amphibians, forming, in frogs and salamanders, only a narrow bar between the vomer and maxilla.

Early fossil reptiles retained the arrangement seen in more primitive vertebrates, but in mammals, the lower surface of the palatine became folded over during evolution, forming the horizontal plate, and meeting in the midline of the mouth. This forms the rear of the hard palate, separating the oral and nasal cavities, and making it easier to breathe while eating. A parallel development has occurred to varying degrees in many living reptiles, reaching its greatest extent in crocodilians. In birds, the palatine bones remain separate, long the sides of the rear part of the upper jaw, and typically have a mobile articulation with the cranium.

There are numerous variations amongst mammals, amphibians and other species. For example, the palatine bone in many amphibians such as the Rough-skinned Newt manifests as a distinct V-shaped structure. In the case of cat species, the horizontal and a vertical elements join at a forty five degree angle.

Additional images

• The seven bones which articulate to form the orbit.

• Articulation of left palatine bone with maxilla.

• Base of skull. Inferior surface.

• Medial wall of left orbit.

• Roof, floor, and lateral wall of left nasal cavity.

See also

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location

References

• This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Role of pretreatment imaging and its influence on management.

• Arya S1, Rane P2, Deshmukh A2.
• Clinical radiology.Clin Radiol.2014 Sep;69(9):916-30. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.04.013. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
• Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the commonest malignancy in the oral cavity. The oral cavity has several subsites. Knowledge of the patterns of disease spread at each subsite with the impact on treatment and prognosis provides a deeper understanding of the role of imaging. Information from imaging
• PMID 24908285

• Palatal fistulae: a comprehensive classification and difficulty index.

• Richardson S1, Agni NA2.
• Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery.J Maxillofac Oral Surg.2014 Sep;13(3):305-9. doi: 10.1007/s12663-013-0535-2. Epub 2013 May 26.
• INTRODUCTION: Palatal fistula formation is a known complication of palatoplasty. Numerous classifications have been proposed that help in identifying the location of fistula and systematically arrange data for record keeping. They do not assess the difficulty level of the fistula. Management of fist
• PMID 25018605

• Images in clinical medicine: Syphilitic gumma.

• Cherniak W1, Silverman M.
• The New England journal of medicine.N Engl J Med.2014 Aug 14;371(7):667. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm1313142.
• A 45-year-old woman presented to a clinic in rural Uganda with a 1-year history of a progressively enlarging ulcerated mass on the hard palate. The mass had initially been painless but recently had become painful and was causing difficulty in speaking and swallowing.
• PMID 25119612

Japanese Journal

• Medial Pterygoid initiated the Growth of the Mandible through Premature Muscle Contraction

• Kikuchi Ryusuke,Yamamoto Masahito,Kitamura Kei,Shiozaki Kazunari,Kishi Asuka,Usami Akinobu,Abe Shinichi
• Journal of Hard Tissue Biology 23(2), 225-232, 2014
• … Craniofacial growth is influenced by the interaction of muscle and bone tissues. … Results showed that at ED 12.5, the MP and lateral pterygoid (LP) and tensor veli palatine (TVP) were adjacent to one another. … At ED 14.5, the palatine shelves were also seen in a horizontal position. …
• NAID 130004480656

• Influence of microthreads and platform switching on stress distribution in bone using angled abutments

• Ferraz Cacilda Cunha,Anchieta Rodolfo Bruniera,de Almeida Erika Oliveira,Freitas Júnior Amilcar Chagas,Ferraz Fábio Cunha,Machado Lucas Silveira,Rocha Eduardo Passos
• Journal of Prosthodontic Research 56(4), 256-263, 2012
• … Purpose: To evaluate the stress distribution in peri-implant bone by simulating the effect of an implant with microthreads and platform switching on angled abutments through tridimensional finite element analysis. …
• NAID 130004546654

• The Value of 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography for Jaws Osteotomies

• Yan Guangqi,Sugita Yoshihiko,Wang Xue,Takayama Mitsuhiro,Jinno Masato,Nakano Keisuke,Kawakami Toshiyuki,Yang Mingliang,Lu Li
• Journal of Hard Tissue Biology 21(2), 97-102, 2012
• … the width between the outer mandibular canal and buccal side cortical bone at three location planes: the mandibular foramen plane (MFP), the mandibular angle plane (MAP) and the intermediate plane (MIP) between MFP and MAP; … As for control group, 3 patients suffered from mandible fracture and 1 patient descending palatine artery blooding. …
• NAID 130004480555

Related Links

• The Palatine Bone - Anatomy, Borders and Development ...

The palatine bone forms part of the nasal cavity and hard palate. Read all about its anatomy, borders, development and pathology at kenHub now! ... Create your account and you’ll be able to see the rest of this article, plus videos ...

• Palatine bone | definition of palatine bone by Medical dictionary

pal·a·tine bone [TA] an irregularly shaped bone posterior to the maxilla, which enters into the formation of the nasal cavity, the orbit, and the hard palate; it articulates with the maxilla, inferior nasal concha, sphenoid, and ethmoid ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「口蓋骨」
関連記事	「palatine」「bone」

「口蓋骨」

　　[★]

英

palatine bone

ラ

os palatinum

関

頭蓋

「palatine」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 口蓋の

関

palatal、palate

　 　 　 　 　 　

「bone」

　　[★] 骨