WordNet

give (hair) the appearance of being fuller by using a rat
a pad (usually made of hair) worn as part of a womans coiffure
any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
catch rats, especially with dogs
desert ones party or group of friends, for example, for ones personal advantage
employ scabs or strike breakers in
an improvement that makes something more agreeable (同)sweetening
a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earths crust (同)O, atomic number 8
the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)

PrepTutorEJDIC

『ネズミ』 / ひきょう者,裏切り者 / ネズミをつかまえる / 《話》(人を)裏切る,密告する《+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
高揚,増進
『酸素』(化学記号はO)
『比』,比率,『割合』;『比例』

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/29 21:14:15」(JST)

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The Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) or oxygen enhancement effect in radiobiology refers to the enhancement of therapeutic or detrimental effect of ionizing radiation due to the presence of oxygen. The effect is most notable in ionizing radiation dose.

The OER is traditionally defined as the ratio of radiation doses during lack of oxygen compared to no lack of oxygen for the same biological effect. This may give varying numerical values depending on the chosen biological effect. Additionally, OER may be presented in terms of hyperoxic environments and/or with altered oxygen baseline, complicating the significance of this value.

OER={\frac {Radiation\,dose\,in\,hypoxia}{Radiation\,dose\,in\,air}}

Radiation with higher LET have a lower OER in mammalian cell tissues.

Uses in medicine

The effect is used in medical physics to increase the effect of radiation therapy in oncology treatments. Additional oxygen abundance creates additional free radicals and increases the damage to the target tissue.

In solid tumors the inner parts become less oxygenated than normal tissue and up to three times higher dose is needed to achieve the same tumor control probability as in tissue with normal oxygenation.

References

Eric J. Hall and Amato J. Giaccia: Radiobiology for the radiologist, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 6th Ed., 2006

This oncology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 酸素維持装置 oxygen conserving devices
2. 低酸素血症の酸素供給およびメカニズム oxygenation and mechanisms of hypoxemia
3. 酸素供給と消費 oxygen delivery and consumption
4. 酸素毒性 oxygen toxicity
5. 新生児における酸素のモニタリングおよび治療 oxygen monitoring and therapy in the newborn

English Journal

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanocarbon-Based Nanofluids by Using an Oxygen-Acetylene Flame Synthesis System.

Teng TP1, Wang WP2, Hsu YC2.
Nanoscale research letters.Nanoscale Res Lett.2016 Dec;11(1):288. doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1522-6. Epub 2016 Jun 13.
In this study, an oxygen-acetylene flame synthesis system was developed to fabricate nanocarbon-based nanofluids (NCBNFs) through a one-step synthesis method. Measured in liters per minute (LPM), the flame's fuel flows combined oxygen and acetylene at four ratios: 1.5/2.5 (P1), 1.0/2.5 (P2), 0.5/2.5
PMID 27295256

Generating monomeric 5-coordinated microperoxidase-11 using carboxylic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles: A surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering analysis.

Kalaivani G1, Sivanesan A2, Kannan A1, Sevvel R3.
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces.2016 Oct 1;146:722-30. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.017. Epub 2016 Jul 7.
Microperoxidase-11 (MP-11), a heme undecapeptide obtained by proteolytic digestion of cytochrome c, resembles peroxidase enzyme when its heme center is 5-coordinated with a vacant sixth coordination site. However, MP-11 always tends to aggregate in both solution and on surface and eventually forms t
PMID 27434160

Plasma-Modified, Epitaxial Fabricated Graphene on SiC for the Electrochemical Detection of TNT.

Trammell SA1, Hernández SC2, Myers-Ward RL3, Zabetakis D4, Stenger DA5, Gaskill DK6, Walton SG7.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland).Sensors (Basel).2016 Aug 12;16(8). pii: E1281.
Using square wave voltammetry, we show an increase in the electrochemical detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) with a working electrode constructed from plasma modified graphene on a SiC surface vs. unmodified graphene. The graphene surface was chemically modified using electron beam generated plasmas
PMID 27529251

Japanese Journal

水素-アルゴン混合スパッタリング法により作製したBi2Te3薄膜の構造評価

Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ 30(0), n/a, 2018
NAID 130007481508

In vitro study on the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant activities of protein rice bran extract against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in HepG2 cells

日本毒性学会学術年会 45.1(0), P-181, 2018
NAID 130007432168

Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in oxygen sensitive emission from hybrid Langmuir–Blodgett films of amphiphilic iridium complexes with the exfoliated nanosheets using a metal layer