WordNet

a stripe or stripes of contrasting color; "chromosomes exhibit characteristic bands"; "the black and yellow banding of bees and wasps" (同)banding, stria, striation
an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material (同)banding, stripe
bind or tie together, as with a band
a driving belt in machinery
a restraint put around something to hold it together
a thin flat strip of flexible material that is worn around the body or one of the limbs (especially to decorate the body)
a thin flat strip or loop of flexible material that goes around or over something else, typically to hold it together or as a decoration
a range of frequencies between two limits
instrumentalists not including string players
100 bani equal 1 leu in Moldova
100 bani equal 1 leu in Romania
prohibit especially by legal means or social pressure; "Smoking is banned in this building"
an official prohibition or edict against something (同)banning, forbiddance, forbidding
forbid the public distribution of ( a movie or a newspaper) (同)censor
marked with bands or strips of contrasting color or texture; "a banded rock"
characterized by a band of especially white around the body; "banded cattle"
identified with a band especially around a leg; "kept watch for the return of their banded birds"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『帯』,『バンド』,ひも,(おけの)たが / (色の)すじ,しま / 周波数 / …‘に'バンドを付ける
(人の)『一隊』,『一団』,一群《+『of』+『名』》 / 『楽隊』,バンド / …'を'一隊(一団)にする / 団結する《+『together』》,(…と)一団になる《+『with』+『名』》
(法による)(…に対する)『禁止』,禁制(prohibition)《+『on』+『名』》 / (世論などの)反対,非難 / (教会の)破門 / (法律や社会的圧力によって)…'を'『禁ずる』,禁止する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/19 08:07:18」(JST)

wiki en

Oligoclonal bands are bands of immunoglobulins that are seen when a patient's blood serum, gained from blood plasma, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is analyzed.

Two methods of analysis are possible: (a) protein electrophoresis, a method of analyzing the composition of fluids, also known as "agarose gel electrophoresis/Coomassie Blue staining", and (b) the combination of isoelectric focusing/silver staining. The latter is more sensitive.^[1]

For the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, a patient has a lumbar puncture performed, which collects some of his or her cerebrospinal fluid.

Each of the two to five oligoclonal bands seen by protein electrophoresis represent proteins (or protein fragments) secreted by plasma cells, although why exactly these bands are present, and which proteins these bands represent, has not yet been elucidated.

Diagnostic value

The presence of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid combined with their absence in blood serum often indicates that immunoglobulins are produced in central nervous system. Therefore it is normal to subtract bands in serum from bands in CSF when investigating CNS diseases.

Oligoclonal bands are an important indicator in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Approximately 79%-90% of all patients with multiple sclerosis have permanently observable oligoclonal bands.

The presence of one band (a monoclonal band) may be considered serious, such as lymphoproliferative disease, or may simply be normal—it must be interpreted in the context of each specific patient. More bands may reflect the presence of a disease. The bands tend to disappear from the cerebrospinal fluid as a person recovers from the neurological disease.

Diseases associated

Oligoclonal bands are also found in:

Multiple sclerosis
Lyme Disease
Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease)
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Neurosarcoidosis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Syphilis
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Sjögren's Syndrome
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Meningeal carcinomatosis

External links

Oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis - The Medical School, Birmingham University
Oligoclonal Bands in CSF - ClinLab Navigator

References

^ Oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluids: significance of corresponding bands in serum for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, [1]

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 脳脊髄液：疾患状態における検査の生理学および有用性 cerebrospinal fluid physiology and utility of an examination in disease states
2. 成人における多発性硬化症の診断 diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults
3. 多発性硬化症が疑われる最初のエピソードからなる症候群 clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis
4. 神経系のライム病 nervous system lyme disease
5. 横断性脊髄炎 transverse myelitis

English Journal

Multiple sclerosis in the very young: a case report and review of the literature.

Sivaraman I1, Moodley M1.
Neurodegenerative disease management.Neurodegener Dis Manag.2016 Feb;6(1):31-6. doi: 10.2217/nmt.15.70.
Onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the very young (<10 years) is uncommon. We describe a 2 year old girl with MS, the youngest reported case in the USA. She presented to an outside hospital with acute onset of ataxia on three occasions before presenting to our institution, initially misdiagnosed
PMID 26782315

Intrathecal lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM synthesis associates with retinal axonal loss in multiple sclerosis.

Álvarez-Cermeño JC1, Muñoz-Negrete FJ2, Costa-Frossard L3, de la Maza SS3, Villar LM4, Rebolleda G3.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2016 Jan 15;360:41-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.11.030. Epub 2015 Nov 18.
OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that autoantibodies may induce axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that thinning of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer/inner plexiform (GCIPL) measurements reflect axonal loss in the
PMID 26723970

Autoreactive CD19+CD20- Plasma Cells Contribute to Disease Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Chen D1, Ireland SJ1, Davis LS2, Kong X1, Stowe AM1, Wang Y3, White WI4, Herbst R3, Monson NL5.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2016 Jan 13. pii: 1501376. [Epub ahead of print]
The contribution of autoantibody-producing plasma cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. Anti-CD20 B cell depletion effectively reduces disease activity in MS patients, but it has a minimal effect on circulating autoantibodies and oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. Recently we
PMID 26764035

Japanese Journal

Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in idiopathic optic neuritis

Nakajima Hideki,Motomura Masakatsu,Tanaka Keiko,Fujikawa Azusa,Nakata Ruka,Maeda Yasuhiro,Shima Tomoaki,Mukaino Akihiro,Yoshimura Shunsuke,Miyazaki Teiichiro,Shiraishi Hirokazu,Kawakami Atsushi,Tsujino Akira
BMJ Open 5(4), e007766, 2015-04-02
… Three of the eight MOG-positive patients showed significantly high CSF levels of myelin basic protein (p=0.021) and none were positive for oligoclonal band in CSF. …
NAID 120005603868

抗GAD抗体，抗glycine受容体抗体，抗GM1抗体が陽性のprogressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonusの1例

小池佑佳,諏訪部達也,今野卓哉,梅田能生,小宅睦郎,藤田信也
臨床神経学 55(2), 111-114, 2015
症例は1型糖尿病と診断されている62歳の女性である．発熱後，亜急性に両下肢筋力低下，尿閉をきたして入院した．頸部・上肢の筋強剛と上肢ミオクローヌス，感覚性運動失調をみとめた．血清抗GAD抗体，抗TPO抗体，抗ミトコンドリアM2抗体，抗glycine受容体抗体が陽性であり，多腺性自己免疫症候群を背景に発症した，progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity a …
NAID 130004921314

血漿浄化療法が著効したNMO spectrum disorderの1男性例：症例報告および血漿浄化療法開始のtherapeutic time windowに関する文献的考察

小阪崇幸,近藤晶子,梶原健吾
神経眼科 31(4), 470-475, 2014
症例は吃逆にて発症した56歳男性である．第20病日より右視力低下が出現．髄液検査は異常なく，頭部MRIにて延髄背内側部および右球後視神経に病変を認めた．脊髄病変や大脳半球病変は認めなかった．血清中の抗AQP4抗体が陽性であった．NMO spectrum disorder（NMOSD）の診断にて，ステロイドパルス療法を2クール行ったが全く効果を認めなかった．第51病日より合計5回の血漿浄化療法（pl …
NAID 130005057118