WordNet

be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
a room used for reading and writing and studying; "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study"
applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design" (同)work
a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performers technique; "a study in spiccato bowing"
a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study"
someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); "he is a quick study"
give careful consideration to; "consider the possibility of moving" (同)consider
learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now" (同)hit the books
think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; "He is meditating in his study" (同)meditate, contemplate
provide with or construct with studs; "stud the wall"
ornament consisting of a circular rounded protuberance (as on a vault or shield or belt) (同)rivet
poker in which each player receives hole cards and the remainder are dealt face up; bets are placed after each card is dealt (同)stud poker
adult male horse kept for breeding (同)studhorse
a man who is virile and sexually active (同)he-man, macho-man
machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion
a nonspecific agent that imparts motion; "happiness is the aim of all men and the motor of all action"
any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
the transmission of heat or electricity or sound (同)conductivity

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(一般に)『勉強』,学習すること / 〈C〉(…の)勉強,研究《+of+名》 / 〈C〉〈U〉(…の)『綿密な調査』,検討《+of+名》 / 〈C〉研究対象(問題,事項);学科 / 〈C〉『書斎』,勉強部屋 / 〈C〉(美術・文学などの)習作,試作,スケッチ,(音楽の)練習曲,エチュード / …‘を'『勉強する』,学ぶ,研究する / …‘を'『よく注意して見る』,しげしげと見る / …‘を'『調査する』,検討する / …‘を'考慮する,配慮する / 〈せりふなど〉‘を'覚えようとする / 『勉強する』,学ぶ,研究する
《おもに米》種馬 / 《集合的に》(一群の)繁殖用動物(種馬,種牛など)
(インテリアなどに用いる)飾りびょう / カフスボタン,カラーボタン / (建物の)間柱 / (…を)…‘に'ちりばめる《+名+with+名》 / …‘に'点在(散在)している / …‘に'間柱をつける
(電気の)『モーター』,電動機 / エンジン,(特に)内燃機関 / 《英》自動車(motorcar) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》 / モーターの;エンジンの;自動車の / モーター(エンジン)による,自動車による / (神経・筋肉について)運動の / 自動車で行く / …‘を'自動車で運ぶ
〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
(熱・電気の)伝導;(液体を)管などで導くこと

UpToDate Contents

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1. 神経伝導検査の概要 overview of nerve conduction studies
2. 神経伝導検査：応答遅延 nerve conduction studies late responses
3. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 多発性神経障害の概要 overview of polyneuropathy
5. 重症筋無力症患者に対する麻酔 anesthesia for the patient with myasthenia gravis

English Journal

Effects of progesterone on neuropathic pain responses in an experimental animal model for peripheral neuropathy in the rat: A behavioral and electrophysiological study.

Jarahi M1, Sheibani V2, Safakhah HA3, Torkmandi H3, Rashidy-Pour A4.Author information 1Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran; Laboratory of Neuropathic Pain and Electrophysiology, Research Center and Department of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 15131-38111, Iran.2Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran.3Laboratory of Neuropathic Pain and Electrophysiology, Research Center and Department of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 15131-38111, Iran.4Laboratory of Neuropathic Pain and Electrophysiology, Research Center and Department of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 15131-38111, Iran. Electronic address: Rashidy-pour@sem-ums.ac.ir.AbstractProgesterone (PROG) is promising as an important protective agent against various injuries to the nervous system. The present study was designed to investigate whether starting PROG administration, when symptomatology is already established, would alleviate the expression of nociceptive behaviors (mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia) and electrophysiological changes in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. Male rats were given PROG (1.5, 3, 6 and 12mg/kg, i.p.) 12days after CCI induction, and dosing continued daily until day 26. Behavioral tests were done immediately before surgery (day 0) and on days 12, 26, 28, and 35 post-CCI, and were followed by electrophysiological measurements in the last day. PROG at doses of 6 or 12mg/kg reduced both the thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia induced by CCI. Electrophysiological data indicated that CCI-induced animals had a remarkable decrement of both compound muscle and nerve action potential amplitudes recorded in the gastrocnemius muscle and sural nerve, respectively. CCI also caused a significant reduction in motor and sensory conduction velocities measured in the sural and tibial nerves, respectively. PROG at doses of 6 or 12mg/kg induced a significant recovery of all electrophysiological changes. Our data indicated that starting PROG therapy when symptomatology is already established, and continuing it for a sufficient period of time, may have a therapeutic effect. This suggests that PROG may offer new strategies for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 Jan 3;256:403-11. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.043. Epub 2013 Oct 31.
Progesterone (PROG) is promising as an important protective agent against various injuries to the nervous system. The present study was designed to investigate whether starting PROG administration, when symptomatology is already established, would alleviate the expression of nociceptive behaviors (m
PMID 24184116

Prospective assessment of peripheral neuropathy in Duodopa-treated parkinsonian patients.

Merola A, Zibetti M, Rizzone MG, Troiano M, Artusi CA, Angrisano S, Cocito D, Lopiano L.Author information Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.AbstractBACKGROUND: Although peripheral neuropathies (PN) have been described in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with oral dopaminergic therapies, anecdotal reports of subacute severe PN have been reported during treatment with enteral levodopa/carbidopa infusion (Duodopa).
Acta neurologica Scandinavica.Acta Neurol Scand.2014 Jan;129(1):e1-5. doi: 10.1111/ane.12164. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
BACKGROUND: Although peripheral neuropathies (PN) have been described in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with oral dopaminergic therapies, anecdotal reports of subacute severe PN have been reported during treatment with enteral levodopa/carbidopa infusion (Duodopa).AIM OF THE STUDY: W
PMID 23834498

A systematic review on the nerve-muscle electrophysiology in human organophosphorus pesticide exposure.

Karami-Mohajeri S, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M.Author information 1Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.AbstractThis article presents a systematic review of the recent literature on the scientific support of electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in diagnosing the exposure and toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides (OP). Specifically, this review focused on changes in EMG, NCV, occurrence of intermediate syndrome (IMS), and OP-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDN) in human. All relevant bibliographic databases were searched for human studies using the key words "OP poisoning", "electromyography", "nerve conduction study," and "muscles disorders". IMS usually occurs after an acute cholinergic crisis, while OPIDN occurs after both acute and chronic exposures. Collection of these studies supports that IMS is a neuromuscular junction disorder and can be recorded upon the onset of respiratory failure. Due to heterogeneity of reports on outcomes of interest such as motor NCV and EMG amplitude in acute cases and inability to achieve precise estimation of effect in chronic cases meta-analysis was not helpful to this review. The OPIDN after both acute and low-level prolonged exposures develops peripheral neuropathy without preceding cholinergic toxicity and the progress of changes in EMG and NCV is parallel with the development of IMS and OPIDN. Persistent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is responsible for muscle weakness, but this is not the only factor involved in the incidence of this weakness in IMS or OPIDN suggestive of AChE assay not useful as an index of nerve and muscle impairment. Although several mechanisms for induction of this neurodegenerative disorder have been proposed as were reviewed for this article, among them oxidative stress and resulting apoptosis can be emphasized. Nevertheless, there is little synchronized evidence on subclinical electrophysiological findings that limit us to reach a strong conclusion on the diagnostic or prognostic use of EMG and NCV for acute and occupational exposures to OPs.
Human & experimental toxicology.Hum Exp Toxicol.2014 Jan;33(1):92-102. doi: 10.1177/0960327113489047. Epub 2013 May 23.
This article presents a systematic review of the recent literature on the scientific support of electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in diagnosing the exposure and toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides (OP). Specifically, this review focused on changes in EMG, NCV, occurrence
PMID 23703814