medium-chain triglycerides

同

MCTs

WordNet

1. fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together"
2. a unit of length
3. a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls"; (同)string, strand
4. a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies"
5. a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament
6. anything that acts as a restraint
7. (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) (同)chemical chain
8. a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated concatenation of circumstances" (同)concatenation
9. (business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership
10. connect or arrange into a chain by linking
11. (meat) cooked until there is just a little pink meat inside
12. (biology) a substance in which specimens are preserved or displayed
13. a liquid with which pigment is mixed by a painter
14. a state that is intermediate between extremes; a middle position; "a happy medium"
15. an intervening substance through which something is achieved; "the dissolving medium is called a solvent"
16. (usually plural) transmissions that are disseminated widely to the public (同)mass medium
17. someone who serves as an intermediary between the living and the dead; "he consulted several mediums" (同)spiritualist, sensitive
18. a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information
19. an intervening substance through which signals can travel as a means for communication
20. the surrounding environment; "fish require an aqueous medium"
21. glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body
22. British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979) (同)Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Ernst Boris Chain
23. bound with chains; "enchained demons strained in anger to gnaw on his bones"; "prisoners in chains" (同)enchained

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『鎖』;(装飾用の)鎖 / 《複数形で》『束縛』,拘束;囚人をつなぐ鎖 / (物事の)『連続』,つながり《+『of』+『名』》 / (商店・銀行・ホテルなどの)チェーン(一連の店が同一資本のもとで連携して経営される方式;その店) / チェーン(測量で用いられる単位;約21.7m) / …'を'『鎖でつなぐ』《+『up』(『together』)+『名,』+『名』+『up』(『together』)》
2. 中間(中程度)にあるもの,中庸(mean) / 媒介物,媒体 / 《複数形mediaで》=mass media / 『手段』,方法(means) / (芸術の)表現手段,手法 / (動植物がそこで生存し機能を発揮する)環境;(細菌の)培地,培養基 / 霊媒者 / 『中間の』,並みの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/12 01:56:17」(JST)

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Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are triglycerides whose fatty acids have an aliphatic tail of 6–12 carbon atoms.

The fatty acids found in MCTs are called medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). Like all triglycerides, MCTs are composed of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids. In the case of MCTs, 2 or 3 of the fatty acid chains attached to glycerol are medium-chain in length.

Rich sources for commercial extraction of beneficial MCTs include palm kernel oil and coconut oil.

List of MCFAs

Lipid number	Name		Salt/Ester Name		Formula		Mass (g/mol)	Appearance	Diagram
	Common	Systematic	Common	Systematic	Molecular	Structural
C6:0	Caproic acid	Hexanoic acid	Caproate	Hexanoate	C6H12O2	CH3(CH2)4COOH	116.16	Oily liquid
C8:0	Caprylic acid	Octanoic acid	Caprylate	Octanoate	C8H16O2	CH3(CH2)6COOH	144.21	Oily liquid
C10:0	Capric acid	Decanoic acid	Caprate	Decanoate	C10H20O2	CH3(CH2)8COOH	172.26	White crystals
C12:0	Lauric acid	Dodecanoic acid	Laurate	Dodecanoate	C12H24O2	CH3(CH2)10COOH	200.32	White powder

Applications

Dietary relevance

The milk fats of humans and guinea pigs are largely made up of long-chain fatty acids. The milk fats of cows, sheep, and goats are rich in short-chain fatty acids. The milk fats of horses contain large amounts of medium-chain fatty acids.

Some studies have shown that MCTs can help in the process of excess calorie burning, thus weight loss. MCTs are also seen as promoting fat oxidation and reduced food intake. Interest in MCTs has been expressed by endurance athletes and the bodybuilding community. While health benefits from MCTs seem to occur, a link to improved exercise performance is weak. A number of studies back the use of MCT oil as a weight loss supplement, but these claims are not without conflict, as about an equal number found inconclusive results.

Medical relevance

MCTs passively diffuse from the GI tract to the portal system (longer fatty acids are absorbed into the lymphatic system) without requirement for modification like long-chain fatty acids or very-long-chain fatty acids. In addition, MCTs do not require bile salts for digestion. Patients who have malnutrition or malabsorption syndromes are treated with MCTs because they do not require energy for absorption, use, or storage.

Medium-chain triglycerides are generally considered a good biologically inert source of energy that the human body finds reasonably easy to metabolize. They have potentially beneficial attributes in protein metabolism, but may be contraindicated in some situations due to their tendency to induce ketogenesis and metabolic acidosis.

Due to their ability to be absorbed rapidly by the body, medium-chain triglycerides have found use in the treatment of a variety of malabsorption ailments. MCT supplementation with a low-fat diet has been described as the cornerstone of treatment for primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease). MCTs are an ingredient in parenteral nutritional emulsions. Studies have also shown promising results for neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and epilepsy through the use of ketogenic dieting.

Serum high-density lipoprotein is increasingly elevated as the chain-length of triglyceride decreases.

Technical uses

MCTs are bland compared to other fats and do not generate off-notes (dissonant tastes) as quickly as LCTs. They are also more polar than LCTs. Because of these attributes, they are widely used as solvents for flavours and oral medicines and vitamins.

See also

• List of saturated fatty acids
• List of carboxylic acids

References

Further reading

• Nagao, K.; Yanagita, T. (2010). "Medium-chain fatty acids: Functional lipids for the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome". Pharmacological Research 61 (3): 208–212. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2009.11.007. PMID 19931617. 
• Aoyama, T; Nosaka, N; Kasai, M (2007). "Research on the nutritional characteristics of medium-chain fatty acids". The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI 54 (3-4): 385–8. PMID 17878693. 
• Bach André C., Babayan Vigen K (1982). "Medium-chain triglycerides: an update" (PDF). The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 36 (5): 950–962. PMID 6814231. 
• Babayan, VK (1987). "Medium chain triglycerides and structured lipids". Lipids 22 (6): 417–20. doi:10.1007/BF02537271. PMID 3112486. 
• Heydinger, Jenifer A., Dilip K. Nakhasi (1996). "Medium Chain Triacylglycerols". Journal of Food Lipids 3 (4): 251–257. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4522.1996.tb00072.x. 
• Kaunitz, H. (1986). "Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) in aging and arteriosclerosis". Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology 6 (3–4): 115–121. PMID 3519928. 
• Labarthe, F. O.; Gélinas, R.; Des Rosiers, C. (2008). "Medium-chain Fatty Acids as Metabolic Therapy in Cardiac Disease". Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 22 (2): 97–106. doi:10.1007/s10557-008-6084-0. PMID 18253821. 
• Medium chain triglycerides - Monograph. (October 2002). Alternative Medicine Review. Retrieved March 30, 2011. "Medium chain triglycerides. Monograph". Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic 7 (5): 418–20. 2002. PMID 12410626. 

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「MCTs」
関連記事	「medium」「chain」「triglycerides」「triglyceride」

「MCTs」

　　[★]

同

medium-chain triglycerides

「medium」

　　[★] 培地

関

culture、culture media、culture medium、culture solution、media

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「chain」

　　[★]

• n.

• 鎖、チェーン

• adj.

• 鎖状の、鎖式の

関

open-chain、strand

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「triglycerides」

　　[★] トリアシルグリセロール TG

「triglyceride」

　　[★] トリアシルグリセロール