網状皮斑
WordNet
- pursue a positive and satisfying existence; "You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live"
- actually being performed at the time of hearing or viewing; "a live television program"; "brought to you live from Lincoln Center"; "live entertainment involves performers actually in the physical presence of a live audience" (同)unrecorded
- abounding with life and energy; "the club members are a really live bunch"
- charged with an explosive; "live ammunition"; "a live bomb"
- exerting force or containing energy; "live coals"; "tossed a live cigarette out the window"; "got a shock from a live wire"; "live ore is unmined ore"; "a live bomb"; "a live ball is one in play"
- highly reverberant; "a live concert hall"
- in current use or ready for use; "live copy is ready to be set in type or already set but not yet proofread"
- lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style; "we had to live frugally after the war"
- not recorded; "the opera was broadcast live"
- of current relevance; "a live issue"; "still a live option"
- skin disorder characterized by patchy bluish discolorations on the skin
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『生きている』,生命がある / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『生き続ける』 / 〈物事が〉長く続く,存続する / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『住む』,居住する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『生活する』,暮らす / 生人を楽しむ,おもしろく桟らす / 《a+形容詞癌lifeを目的語にして》〈…を生活〉‘を'する / 〈思想など〉‘を'実銭する
- 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生きている』 / 『活気のある』 / (問題などが)当面の / 燃えている / (弾丸などが)まだ爆発してない,未発の / まだ動いている(働いている),有効な / 電流が通じている / (放走が)生の,実況の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/07 18:13:27」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Livedo reticularis |
| Classification and external resources |
| ICD-10 |
R23.1 |
| ICD-9-CM |
782.61 |
| DiseasesDB |
7546 |
| MedlinePlus |
001478 |
|
[edit on Wikidata]
|
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin.[1] The discoloration is caused by swelling of the venules owing to obstruction of capillaries by small blood clots. The blood clots in the small blood vessels can be a secondary effect of a condition that increases a person's risk of forming blood clots, including a wide array of pathological and nonpathological conditions . Examples include hyperlipidemia, microvascular hematological or anemia states, nutritional deficiencies, hyper- and autoimmune diseases, and drugs/toxins.
The condition may be normal or related to more severe underlying pathology.[2] Its differential diagnosis is broadly divided into possible blood diseases, autoimmune (rheumatologic) diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and endocrine disorders. It can usually (in 80% of cases) be diagnosed by biopsy.[3]
It may be aggravated by exposure to cold, and occurs most often in the lower extremities.[citation needed]
The condition's name derives from the Latin livere meaning bluish and reticular which refers to the net-like appearance.[citation needed]
Contents
- 1 Causes
- 2 Treatment
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Causes
A number of conditions may cause the appearance of livedo reticularis:
- Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, a rare congenital condition
- Sneddon syndrome – association of livedoid vasculitis and systemic vascular disorders, such as strokes, due to underlying genetic cause[4]
- Idiopathic livedo reticularis – the most common form of livedo reticularis, completely benign condition of unknown cause affecting mostly young women during the winter:[5] It is a lacy purple appearance of skin in extremities due to sluggish venous blood flow. It may be mild, but ulceration may occur later in the summer.[6]
- Secondary livedo reticularis:
- Vasculitis autoimmune conditions:
- Livedoid vasculitis – with painful ulceration occurring in the lower legs
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Systemic lupus erythematosus[7]
- Dermatomyositis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Lymphoma
- Pancreatitis[8]
- Chronic pancreatitis[9]
- Tuberculosis
- Drug-related:
- Adderall (side effect)
- Amantadine (side effect)
- Bromocriptine (side effect)
- Beta IFN treatment, i.e. in multiple sclerosis[10][11][12]
- Livedo reticularis associated with rasagiline[13]
- Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine-induced peripheral vasculopathy[14]
- Gefitinib[15]
- Obstruction of capillaries:
- Cryoglobulinaemia – proteins in the blood that clump together in cold conditions[16]
- Antiphospholipid syndrome due to small blood clots
- Hypercalcaemia (raised blood calcium levels which may be deposited in the capillaries)
- Haematological disorders of polycythaemia rubra vera or thrombocytosis (excessive red cells or platelets)
- Infections (syphilis, tuberculosis, Lyme disease)
- Associated with acute renal failure due to cholesterol emboli status after cardiac catheterization
- Arteriosclerosis (cholesterol emboli)[17][18] and homocystinuria (due to Chromosome 21 autosomal recessive Cystathionine beta synthase deficiency)
- Intra-arterial injection (especially in drug addicts)
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome – connective tissue disorder, often with many secondary conditions, may be present in all types
- Pheochromocytoma[19]
- Livedoid vasculopathy and its association with factor V Leiden mutation[20]
- FILS syndrome (polymerase ε1 mutation in a human syndrome with facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature)[21]
- Primary hyperoxaluria, oxalosis (oxalate vasculopathy)[22][23][24][25][26]
- Cytomegalovirus infection (very rare clinical form, presenting with persistent fever and livedo reticularis on the extremities and cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis of the toes)[27]
- Generalized livedo reticularis induced by silicone implants for soft tissue augmentation[28]
- As a rare skin finding in children with Down syndrome[29][30]
- Idiopathic livedo reticularis with polyclonal IgM hypergammopathy[31]
- CO2 angiography (rare, reported case)[32]
- A less common skin lesion of Churg-Strauss syndrome[33]
- Erythema nodosum-like cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis showing livedoid changes in a patient with sarcoidosis and Sjögren's syndrome[34]
- Livedo vasculopathy associated with IgM antiphosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex antibody[35]
- Livedo vasculopathy associated with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter homozygosity and prothrombin G20210A heterozygosity[35]
- As a first sign of metastatic breast carcinoma (very rare)[36]
- Livedo reticularis associated with renal cell carcinoma (rare)[37]
- Buerger's disease (as an initial symptom)[38]
- As a rare manifestation of Graves hyperthyroidism[39]
- Associated with pernicious anaemia[40]
- Moyamoya disease (a rare, chronic cerebrovascular occlusive disease of unknown etiology, characterized by progressive stenosis of the arteries of the circle of Willis leading to an abnormal capillary network and resultant ischemic strokes or cerebral hemorrhages)[41]
- Associated with the use of a midline catheter[42]
- Familial primary cryofibrinogenemia.[43]
Treatment
Other than identifying and treating any underlying conditions in secondary livedo,[44] idiopathic livedo reticularis may improve with warming the legs, but once established, the skin discolouration may become permanent.[citation needed]
See also
- Livedoid dermatitis
- Perinatal gangrene of the buttock
- erythema ab igne (AKA livedo recticularis e calore) - a rash caused by prolonged heat exposure (e.g. hot water bottle or heat pad)
References
- ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1615. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
- ^ "livedo reticularis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Kroshinsky; Stone, John H.; Bloch, Donald B.; Sepehr, Alireza (February 2009). "Case 5-2009 — A 47-Year-Old Woman with a Rash and Numbness and Pain in the Legs". New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (7): 711–20. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc0807822. PMID 19213685.
- ^ Sneddon, I. B. (April 1965). "Cerebro-Vascular Lesions And Livedo Reticularis". British Journal of Dermatology. 77 (4): 180–5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14628.x. PMID 14278790.
- ^ Gibbs, Mark B.; English, Joseph C.; Zirwas, Matthew J. (2005). "Livedo reticularis: an update". J Am Acad Dermatol. 52 (6): 1009–19. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.11.051. PMID 15928620.
- ^ Feldaker M, Hines E, Kierland R (1955). "Livedo reticularis with summer ulcerations". AMA Arch Derm. 72 (1): 31–42. doi:10.1001/archderm.1955.03730310033007. PMID 14387292.
- ^ Golden R (March 1963). "Livedo reticularis in systemic lupus erythematosus". Arch Dermatol. 87: 299–301. doi:10.1001/archderm.1963.01590150015002. PMID 13948706.
- ^ Sigmund W, Shelley W (1954). "Cutaneous manifestations of acute pancreatitis, with special reference to livedo reticularis". N Engl J Med. 251 (21): 851–3. doi:10.1056/NEJM195411182512104. PMID 13214346.
- ^ Gould, Jennifer W.; Helms, Stephen E.; Schulz, Susan M.; Stevens, Seth R. (1998). "Relapsing livedo reticularis in the setting of chronic pancreatitis". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 39 (6): 1035–1036. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70290-7. PMID 9843029.
- ^ Rot, Uroš; Ledinek, Alenka Horvat (December 2013). "Interferons beta have vasoconstrictive and procoagulant effects: a woman who developed livedo reticularis and Raynaud phenomenon in association with interferon beta treatment for multiple sclerosis". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 115 (Suppl 1): S79–81. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.09.027. PMID 24321162.
- ^ Fox, Michelle; Tahan, Steven; Kim, Caroline C. (2012). "Livedo Reticularis: A Side Effect of Interferon Therapy in a Pediatric Patient with Melanoma". Pediatric Dermatology. 29 (3): 333–5. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01426.x. PMID 21575046.
- ^ Cruz, Boris Afonso; de Queiroz, Eustáquio; Nunes, Simone Vilela; Cruz Filho, Achiles; Campos, Gilberto Belisario; de Carvalho Monteiro, Ernesto Lentz; Crivellari, Humberto (2000). "Fênomeno de Raynaud grave associado a terapia com interferon-beta para esclerose múltipla: relato de caso" [Severe Raynaud's phenomenon associated with interferon-beta therapy for multiple sclerosis: case report]. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria (in Portuguese). 58 (2B): 556–9. doi:10.1590/S0004-282X2000000300025. PMID 10920422.
- ^ Strowd, Lindsay C.; Lee, Andrew D.; Yosipovitch, Gil (June 2012). "Livedo Reticularis Associated With Rasagiline (Azilect)". Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 11 (6): 764–5. PMID 22648227.
- ^ Syed, Reema H.; Moore, Terry L. (2008). "Methylphenidate and Dextroamphetamine-Induced Peripheral Vasculopathy". JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology. 14: 30–33. doi:10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181639aaa.
- ^ Blume, Jonathan E.; Miller, Craig C. (2007). "Livedo reticularis with retiform purpura associated with gefitinib (Iressa®)". International Journal of Dermatology. 46 (12): 1307–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03319.x. PMID 18173531.
- ^ Langhof H, Braun G, Matzkowski H (1957). "Livedo reticularis durch Kältegelierung des Blutes bei γ-Plasmocytom" [Livedo reticularis due to cold gelation of the blood by gamma-plasmacytoma]. Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Dermatologie (in German). 205 (4): 343–50. doi:10.1007/BF00693523. PMID 13522017.
- ^ Kazmier F, Sheps S, Bernatz P, Sayre G (1966). "Livedo reticularis and digital infarcts: a syndrome due to cholesterol emboli arising from atheromatous abdominal aortic aneurysms". Vasc Dis. 3 (1): 12–24. PMID 5903590.
- ^ Stewart W, Lauret P, Testart J, Thomine E, Boulliê M, Leroy D (1977). "Les manifestations cutanées des emoblies de critaux de cholestérol" [Cutaneous cholesterol emboli]. Ann Dermatol Venereol (in French). 104 (1): 5–8. PMID 843026.
- ^ Buckley, Sarah A.; Lessing, Juan N.; Mark, Nicholas M. (2013). "Livedo Reticularis in a Patient with Pheochromocytoma Resolving After Adrenalectomy". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 98 (2): 439–40. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2842.
- ^ Yong AA, Tan AW, Giam YC, Tang MB (December 2012). "Livedoid vasculopathy and its association with factor V Leiden mutation" (PDF). Singapore Med J. 53 (12): e258–60. PMID 23268168.
- ^ Pachlopnik Schmid, Jana; Lemoine; Nehme, Nadine; Cormier-Daire, Valéry; Revy, Patrick; Debeurme, Franck; Debré, Marianne; Nitschke, Patrick; Bole-Feysot, Christine; Legeai-Mallet, Laurence; Lim, Annick; de Villartay, Jean-Pierre; Picard, Capucine; Durandy, Anne; Fischer, Alain; de Saint Basile, Geneviève (2012). "Polymerase ε1 mutation in a human syndrome with facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature ('FILS syndrome')". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 209 (13): 2323–30. doi:10.1084/jem.20121303. PMC 3526359. PMID 23230001.
- ^ Jorquera-Barquero, E.; Súarez-Marrero, M.C.; Fernández Girón, F.; Borrero Martín, J.J. (2013). "Oxalosis y livedo reticularis" [Oxalosis and Livedo Reticularis]. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (in Spanish). 104 (9): 815–8. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2012.04.019. PMID 23103120.
- ^ Bogle MA, Teller CF, Tschen JA, Smith CA, Wang A (October 2003). "Primary hyperoxaluria in a 27-year-old woman". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 49 (4): 725–8. doi:10.1067/s0190-9622(03)00119-1. PMID 14512927.
- ^ Marconi V, Mofid MZ, McCall C, Eckman I, Nousari HC (February 2002). "Primary hyperoxaluria: report of a patient with livedo reticularis and digital infarcts". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 46 (2 Suppl Case Reports): S16–8. doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.105475. PMID 11807460.
- ^ Shih HA, Kao DM, Elenitsas R, Leyden JJ (October 2000). "Livedo reticularis, ulcers, and peripheral gangrene: cutaneous manifestations of primary hyperoxaluria". Arch Dermatol. 136 (10): 1272–4. PMID 11030785.
- ^ Singh S, Tai C, Ganz G, et al. (April 1999). "Steroid-responsive pleuropericarditis and livedo reticularis in an unusual case of adult-onset primary hyperoxaluria". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 33 (4): e5. doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70246-5. PMID 10196036.
- ^ Arslan, Ferhat; Batirel, Ayse; Mert, Ali; Ozer, Serdar (2012). "Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis: Case report and literature review". The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 16 (5): 482–5. doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.002. PMID 22975173.
- ^ Camacho, Diana; Machan, Shalma; Pilesanski, Ursula; Revelles, Juan Maria; Martín, Lucia; Requena, Luis (2012). "Generalized Livedo Reticularis Induced by Silicone Implants for Soft Tissue Augmentation". The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 34 (2): 203–7. doi:10.1097/DAD.0b013e31821cb3c5. PMID 22441370.
- ^ Bilgili SG, Akdeniz N, Karadag AS, Akbayram S, Calka O, Ozkol HU (2011). "Mucocutaneous disorders in children with down syndrome: case-controlled study". Genet. Couns. 22 (4): 385–92. PMID 22303799.
- ^ Daneshpazhooh M, Nazemi TM, Bigdeloo L, Yoosefi M (2007). "Mucocutaneous findings in 100 children with Down syndrome". Pediatr Dermatol. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2007.00412.x. PMID 17542890.
- ^ "John Libbey Eurotext : Éditions médicales et scientifiques France : revues, médicales, scientifiques, médecine, santé, livres". Jle.com. Retrieved 2014-03-19. [dead link]
- ^ Johnson, Philip L.; Neperud, Julie; Arnold, Jill; Thomas, James (2011). "Livedo Reticularis and Bowel Ischemia after Carbon Dioxide Arteriography in a Patient with CREST Syndrome". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 22 (3): 395–9. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2010.11.012. PMID 21277800.
- ^ Bosco, Laura; Peroni, Anna; Schena, Donatella; Colato, Chiara; Girolomoni, Giampiero (2010). "Cutaneous manifestations of Churg–Strauss syndrome: Report of two cases and review of the literature". Clinical Rheumatology. 30 (4): 573–80. doi:10.1007/s10067-010-1593-1. PMID 20949297.
- ^ "John Libbey Eurotext : Éditions médicales et scientifiques France : revues, médicales, scientifiques, médecine, santé, livres". Jle.com. Retrieved 2014-03-19. [dead link]
- ^ a b Tabata, N; Oonami, K; Ishibashi, M; Yamazaki, M (2010). "Livedo Vasculopathy Associated with IgM Anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin Complex Antibody". Acta Dermato Venereologica. 90 (3): 313–4. doi:10.2340/00015555-0835. PMID 20526560.
- ^ Gambichler, T.; Baier, P.; Altmeyer, P. (2009). "Generalized livedo reticularis as the first sign of metastatic breast carcinoma". Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 34 (2): 253–4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02801.x. PMID 19120398.
- ^ Erel, Arzu; Ozsoy, Esra; University, Gazi (2001). "Livedo reticularis associated with renal cell carcinoma". International Journal of Dermatology. 40 (4): 299–300. doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2001.00895.x. PMID 11454094.
- ^ Takanashi, Tetsuo; Horigome, Reiko; Okuda, Yasuaki; Nose, Masato; Matsuda, Masayuki; Ikeda, Shu-Ichi (2007). "Buerger's Disease Manifesting Nodular Erythema with Livedo Reticularis". Internal Medicine. 46 (21): 1815–9. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0143. PMID 17978541.
- ^ Liel Y (June 2004). "Livedo reticularis: a rare manifestation of Graves hyperthyroidism associated with anticardiolipin antibodies". South. Med. J. 97 (6): 601–3. doi:10.1097/00007611-200406000-00019. PMID 15255431.
- ^ Bandyopadhyay, D. (2003). "Celecoxib-induced fixed drug eruption". Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 28 (4): 452. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01285_5.x.
- ^ Richards, Kristen A.; Paller, Amy S. (2003). "Livedo Reticularis in a Child with Moyamoya Disease". Pediatric Dermatology. 20 (2): 124–7. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1470.2003.20205.x. PMID 12657007.
- ^ Shrestha NK, Gordon SM, Isada CM (2002). "Livedo reticularis associated with the use of a midline catheter". Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 34 (11): 845–6. doi:10.1080/0036554021000026942. PMID 12578157.
- ^ van Geest AJ, van Dooren-Greebe RJ, Andriessen MP, Blomjous CE, Go IH (January 1999). "Familial primary cryofibrinogenemia". J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 12 (1): 47–50. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.1999.tb00808.x. PMID 10188150.
- ^ Fleischer A, Resnick S (1990). "Livedo reticularis". Dermatol Clin. 8 (2): 347–54. PMID 2191805.
External links
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Symptoms and signs: skin and subcutaneous tissue (R20–R23, 782)
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Disturbances of
skin sensation |
- Hypoesthesia
- Paresthesia
- Hyperesthesia
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| Circulation |
- Cyanosis
- Pallor/Livedo
- Flushing
- Petechia
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| Edema |
- Peripheral edema
- Anasarca
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| Other |
- Rash
- Desquamation
- Induration
- Diaphoresis
- Mass
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| Skin |
- Asboe-Hansen sign
- Auspitz's sign
- Borsari's sign
- Braverman's sign
- Crowe sign
- Dennie–Morgan fold
- Darier's sign
- Fitzpatrick's sign
- Florid cutaneous papillomatosis
- Gottron's sign
- Hutchinson's sign
- Janeway lesion
- Kerr's sign
- Koebner's phenomenon
- Koplik's spots
- Leser-Trelat sign
- Nikolsky's sign
- Pastia's sign
- Russell's sign
- Wickham striae
- Wolf's isotopic response
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| Nails |
- Aldrich-Mees' lines
- Beau's lines
- Muehrcke's lines
- Terry's nails
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Atypical glomerulopathy associated with the cblE inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism.
- Paul EA, Guttenberg M, Kaplan P, Watkins D, Rosenblatt DS, Treat JR, Kaplan BS.SourceDepartment of Pediatrics, Columbia Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany).Pediatr Nephrol.2013 Jul;28(7):1135-9. doi: 10.1007/s00467-013-2443-6. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
- BACKGROUND: The cblE disorder is an inherited disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism that results in elevated levels of homocysteine and decreased methionine in body fluids. Renal complications have been reported in patients with cblC disease, but not in those with cblE disease. The renal complications
- PMID 23503767
- [Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: newly developed leg ulcer and history of stroke.]
- Van Beek N, Schumacher N, Haase O, Zillikens D, Kahle B, Schmidt E.SourceKlinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland.
- Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete.Hautarzt.2013 Jun 8. [Epub ahead of print]
- Antiphospholipid syndrome features not only deep vessel thrombosis but also may have cutaneous manifestations such as Raynaud phenomenon, acral necrosis, livedo reticularis, subcutaneous nodules, and leg ulcers. A 72-year-old man presented with a rapidly progressing leg ulcer. He was already on anti
- PMID 23744031
Japanese Journal
- 岩瀬 恭子,野本 栄,若杉 琢磨
- 東日本整形災害外科学会雑誌 = Journal of the Eastern Japan Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 23(1), 114-117, 2011-03-31
- NAID 10028163722
Related Links
- Livedo reticularis is a vascular condition characterized by purplish mottling of the skin. Image included. ... Livedo reticularis is thought to be due to spasms of the blood vessels or an abnormality of the circulation near the skin surface.
- Livedo reticularis. Authoritative facts about the skin from DermNet New Zealand. ... Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita is a rare condition in which the livedo is present at birth or soon after. There may be other congenital ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- livedo reticularis
- 同
- リベド livedo、細網状皮膚 cutis reticularis
- 関
- リベド血管炎
概念
- 大きな網目状の紅色の皮斑。真皮下血管層において静脈網の緊張低下と動脈網の緊張亢進状態が生じることで網目状の皮斑を生じる
- 分枝状皮斑 livedo racemosa：動脈性の変化
- 網状皮斑 livedo reticularis：静脈性の変化
関連疾患
参考
- https://www.dermis.net/dermisroot/en/42784/diagnose.htm
- 写真
- http://www.dermis.net/bilder/CD006/550px/img0090.jpg
国試
[★]
- 英
- livedo vasculitis
- 同
- 皮斑血管炎
- 関
- 網状皮斑 livedo reticularis
[★]
網状の
- 関
- plexiform、reticular、reticulate
[★]
- [liv]
- [laiv]
- 同
- LAIV
[★]
網状皮斑。リベド
