WordNet

pain in a joint or joints
come into the company of; "She joined him for a drink"
cause to become joined or linked; "join these two parts so that they fit together" (同)bring together
make contact or come together; "The two roads join here" (同)conjoin
become part of; become a member of a group or organization; "He joined the Communist Party as a young man" (同)fall_in, get together
united or combined; "a joint session of Congress"; "joint owners"
marijuana leaves rolled into a cigarette for smoking (同)marijuana cigarette, reefer, stick, spliff
a disreputable place of entertainment
junction by which parts or objects are joined together
(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion) (同)articulation, articulatio
provide with a joint; "the carpenter jointed two pieces of wood" (同)articulate
affecting or involving two or more; "joint income-tax return"; "joint ownership"
fasten with a joint
fit as if by joints; "The boards fit neatly"
involving both houses of a legislature; "a joint session of Congress"
separate (meat) at the joint
cause emotional anguish or make miserable; "It pains me to see my children not being taught well in school" (同)anguish, hurt
a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; "the patient developed severe pain and distension" (同)hurting
a bothersome annoying person; "that kid is a terrible pain" (同)pain in the neck, nuisance
a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain" (同)pain_sensation, painful sensation
emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid; "the pain of loneliness" (同)painfulness
the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication); "the joining of hands around the table"; "there was a connection via the internet" (同)connection, connexion
having joints or jointed segments;

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈二つ以上のもの〉‘を'『つなぐ』,結合する《+『名』+『together』(『up』)》;(…に)…‘を'つなぐ《+『名』+『to』(『onto』)+『名』》 / (線などで)〈二つ以上のもの〉‘の'間を結ぶ(つなぐ)《+『名』+『by』(『with』)+『名』》 / (友情・結婚などで)〈人〉‘を'結びつける《+『名』+『in』+『名』》 / 〈川・道などが〉…‘と'いっしょになる,合流する / 〈会など〉‘に'『加入する』 / (…で)〈人〉‘の'『仲間に入る』,‘と'いっしょになる《+『名』〈人〉+『in』(『for』)+『名』,+『名』〈人〉+『in』do『ing』》 / (…に)『加わる』《+『in』+『名』〈事〉/+『in』『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / (人と…を)『ともにする』《+『with』+『名』〈人〉+『in』+『名』(doing)》 / 〈川・道などが〉『いっしょになる』,合流する / 接合箇所(点,面,線);継ぎ目
『関節』 / 『継ぎ目』,接合箇所,合わせ目 / 継ぎ目と継ぎ目の間の部分,節 / (二つの部分を継いだり支えたりするのに用いる)継ぎ手,ジョイント / (枝や葉の)つけ根,節 / (骨付きの)肉の大切り身 / 《俗》安酒場,とばく宿,アヘン窟(くつ) / 『共同の』,共有の;連帯の,連合の / 両院合同の;二院制議会の両院の / …‘を'継ぎ合わせる;…‘を'継ぎ目(関節)でつなぐ / …‘を'継ぎ目で分ける;〈鳥・肉など〉‘を'関節で切り分ける
〈C〉〈U〉(肉体のある部分の)『苦痛』,『痛み』 / 〈U〉(精神的な)『苦痛』,心痛 / 《複数形で》骨折り,苦労,努力 / 〈C〉不快感,いやな感じ;うんざりさせるもの,やっかい者 / (肉体的・精神的に)…‘に'苦痛を与える(受動態にできない)
継ぎ目のある;関節のある

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/14 03:53:35」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Arthralgia (from Greek arthro-, joint + -algos, pain) literally means joint pain;^[1]^[2] it is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses (in particular arthritis) or an allergic reaction to medication.^[3]

According to MeSH, the term "arthralgia" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term "arthritis" should be used when the condition is inflammatory.^[4]

Causes

The causes of arthralgia are varied and range, from a joints perspective, from degenerative and destructive processes such as osteoarthritis and sports injuries to inflammation of tissues surrounding the joints, such as bursitis.^[5] These might be triggered by other things, such as infections or vaccinations.^[6]

Cause	Mono- or polyarticular	Speed of onset
Rheumatoid arthritis	Polyarticular ^[7]	Weeks-months^[8]
Systemic lupus erythematosus	Polyarticular^[7]	Months^[9]
Viral arthritis	Polyarticular^[7]
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome	^[10]
Reactive arthritis	Polyarticular^[7]
Rheumatic fever	Polyarticular^[7]
Lyme disease	Polyarticular^[7]
Gonococcal arthritis	Polyarticular^[7]
Drug-induced arthritis	Polyarticular^[7]
Osteoarthritis	Monoarticular^[7]
Gout attack	Monoarticular^[7]	Hours^[11]
Pseudogout	Monoarticular^[7]
Behcet's Disease	Monoarticular^[7]
Physical trauma	Monoarticular^[7]	Immediate
Septic arthritis	Monoarticular^[7]	Hours^[11]
Hemarthrosis	Monoarticular^[7]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves interviewing the patient and performing physical exams. When attempting to establish the cause of the arthralgia, the emphasis is on the interview.^[2] The patient is asked questions intended to narrow the number of potential causes. Given the varied nature of these possible causes, some questions may seem irrelevant. For example, the patient may be asked about dry mouth, light sensitivity, rashes or a history of seizures.^[2]^[12] Answering yes or no to any of these questions limits the number of possible causes and guides the physician toward the appropriate exams and lab tests.

Treatment

Treatment depends on a specific underlying cause. The underlying cause will be treated first and foremost. The treatments may include joint replacement surgery for severely damaged joints, immunosuppressants for immune system dysfunction, antibiotics when an infection is the cause, and discontinuing medication when an allergic reaction is the cause. When treating the primary cause, pain management may still play a role in treatment.^[13] The extent of its role varies depending on the specific cause of the arthralgia. Pain management may include stretching exercises, over the counter pain medications, prescription pain medication, or other treatments deemed appropriate for the symptoms. Capsaicin, a substance found in chili peppers, may relieve joint pain from arthritis and other conditions. Capsaicin blocks the actions of substance P, which helps transmit pain signals, and capsaicin triggers the release of pain-blocking chemicals in the body known as endorphins. Side effects of capsaicin cream include burning or stinging in the area where it is applied. Another topical option is an arthritis cream containing the ingredient, methyl salicylate (Bengay).

References

^ "Arthralgia Definition". MedicineNet.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c Joe G. Hardin. "Arthralgia". Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
^ James R Philp. "Allergic Drug Reactions - Systemic Allergic Drug Reactions". Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
^ "MeSH". Retrieved 2007-12-23.
^ Joe G. Hardin. "Table 161.1. Some Common Regional Rheumatic Syndromes". Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
^ Loris McVittie, Ph.D. "Information from CDC and FDA on the Safety of Gardasil Vaccine". supplement to your biologics license application (BLA) for Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16 and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant (GARDASIL), to include arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia, fatigue, and malaise in the Adverse Reactions section of the package insert. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Table 6-8 in: Elizabeth D Agabegi; Agabegi, Steven S. (2008). Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7153-6.
^ Diagnosis lag time of median 4 weeks, and median diagnosis lag time of 18 weeks, taken from: Chan, K. W.; Felson, D. T.; Yood, R. A.; Walker, A. M. (1994). "The lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis". Arthritis and rheumatism 37 (6): 814–820. doi:10.1002/art.1780370606. PMID 8003053.
^ Doria, A.; Zen, M.; Canova, M.; Bettio, S.; Bassi, N.; Nalotto, L.; Rampudda, M.; Ghirardello, A.; Iaccarino, L. (2010). "SLE diagnosis and treatment: When early is early". Autoimmunity Reviews 10 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2010.08.014. PMID 20813207.
^ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20033656/
^ ^a ^b Page 740 (upper right of page) in: Schaider, Jeffrey; Wolfson, Allan B.; Gregory W Hendey; Louis Ling; Carlo L Rosen (2009). Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (Harwood-Nuss)). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8943-5.
^ "Table 159mptomatic Extraarticular Features of the Connective Tissue Diseases and the Spondyloarthropathies". Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
^ "Pain Management". Arthritis Action UK. Arthritis Action. Retrieved 16 October 2015.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 関節リウマチの診断および鑑別診断 diagnosis and differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
2. 関節の疼痛または腫脹を有する小児の評価 evaluation of the child with joint pain or swelling
3. 乾癬性若年性特発性関節炎：病因、臨床症状、および診断 psoriatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 反応性関節炎（旧ライター症候群） reactive arthritis formerly reiter syndrome
5. 成人における敗血症性関節炎 septic arthritis in adults

English Journal

Guarana (Paullinia cupana) Improves Anorexia in Patients with Advanced Cancer.

Palma CG1, Lera AT2, Lerner T3, de Oliveira MM3, de Borta TM3, Barbosa RP3, Brito GM3, Guazzelli CA3, Cruz FJ1, Del Giglio A4.
Journal of dietary supplements.J Diet Suppl.2016 Mar 3;13(2):221-31. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2015.1008612. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
PURPOSE: Anorexia is prevalent in cancer patients with advanced disease. In this pilot phase II, open label, nonrandomized trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of guarana (Paullinia cupana) in patients with cancer and weight loss.METHODS: We included advanced cancer patients with decreased ap
PMID 25695932

A Study on the Effects of Sympathetic Skin Response Parameters in Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Using Artificial Neural Networks.

Ozkan O1, Yildiz M1, Arslan E2, Yildiz S3, Bilgin S4, Akkus S5, Koyuncuoglu HR6, Koklukaya E7.
Journal of medical systems.J Med Syst.2016 Mar;40(3):54. doi: 10.1007/s10916-015-0406-0. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), usually observed commonly in females over age 30, is a rheumatic disease accompanied by extensive chronic pain. In the diagnosis of the disease non-objective psychological tests and physiological tests and laboratory test results are evaluated and clinical experiences st
PMID 26645318

Surgical Treatment of Upper Extremity Pain.

Dellon AL1.
Hand clinics.Hand Clin.2016 Feb;32(1):71-80. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2015.08.008.
If the patient with hand pain remains without significant relief and without recovery of function after appropriate pharmaceutical and physical modality treatments, it is appropriate to consider a surgical approach to the pain. Categories of pain amenable to a surgical approach are pain caused by ne
PMID 26611391

Japanese Journal

膝の痛み，股関節の痛み : ロコモティブシンドロームと関節

浜田大輔,Hamada Daisuke
四国医学雑誌 67(5-6), 203-204, 2012-12-25
… disease, such as joint disorders, spinal disorders, osteoporosisor rheumatoid arthritis.We describe the hip joint and the knee joint in this paper because these two joints are criticaljoints to stand and walk.Hip jointThe hip joint is the biggest joint for human, and the most important part in supporting thebody weight and walking smoothly.The hip join is the type of spheroidal or ball and socket joint where the femoral …
NAID 120003836502

症例関節痛を初発症状としたリンパ増殖性疾患の1例

白石絵里子,庄田孝則,平岡弘二 [他]
整形・災害外科 55(13), 1703-1706, 2012-12-00
NAID 40019514222

Effect of adding cervical facet joint injections in a multimodal treatment program for long-standing cervical myofascial pain syndrome with referral pain patterns of cervical facet joint syndrome