hyperchromic effect

濃色効果

WordNet

1. act so as to bring into existence; "effect a change"
2. a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of the anesthetic"
3. (of a law) having legal validity; "the law is still in effect" (同)force
4. the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work (同)essence, burden, core, gist
5. an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect"
6. produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave" (同)effectuate, set_up
7. property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business; "she left some of her personal effects in the house"; "I watched over their effects until they returned" (同)personal_effects

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉〈U〉『結果』 / 〈C〉〈U〉(…への)『効果』,効きめ,影響《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉(色・音・形などの)印象,感銘 / 《複数形で》品物;身の回り品;動産,財産 / (結果として)…‘を'『もたらす』;〈目的など〉‘を'果たす,遂行する

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/25 21:41:40」(JST)

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Nucleic acid melting curve showing hyperchromicity as a function of temperature

Hyperchromicity is the increase of absorbance (optical density) of a material. The most famous example is the hyperchromicity of DNA that occurs when the DNA duplex is denatured. The UV absorption is increased when the two single DNA strands are being separated, either by heat or by addition of denaturant or by increasing the pH level. The opposite, a decrease of absorbance is called hypochromicity.

Heat denaturation of DNA, also called melting, causes the double helix structure to unwind to form single stranded DNA. When DNA in solution is heated above its melting temperature (usually more than 80 °C), the double-stranded DNA unwinds to form single-stranded DNA. The bases become unstacked and can thus absorb more light. In their native state, the bases of DNA absorb light in the 260-nm wavelength region. When the bases become unstacked, the wavelength of maximum absorbance does not change, but the amount absorbed increases by 37%. A double strand DNA dissociating to single strands produces a sharp cooperative transition.

Hyperchromicity can be used to track the condition of DNA as temperature changes. The transition/melting temperature (T_m) is the temperature where the absorbance of UV light is 50% between the maximum and minimum, i.e. where 50% of the DNA is denatured.

The hyperchromic effect is the striking increase in absorbance of DNA upon denaturation. The two strands of DNA are bound together mainly by the stacking interactions, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effect between the complementary bases. The hydrogen bond limits the resonance of the aromatic ring so the absorbance of the sample is limited as well. When the DNA double helix is treated with denatured agents, the interaction force holding the double helical structure is disrupted. The double helix then separates into two single strands which are in the random coiled conformation. At this time, the base-base interaction will be reduced, increasing the UV absorbance of DNA solution because many bases are in free form and do not form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases. As a result, the absorbance for single-stranded DNA will be 37% higher than that for double stranded DNA at the same concentration.

References

• Laboratory of Ross Hardison, Article
• Structures of Nucleic Acids
• Campbell, Mary K. & Farrell, Shawn O. (2006). Biochemistry. Thomson Brooks/Cole.

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Related Links

• Hyperchromicity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The hyperchromic effect is the striking increase in absorbance of DNA. The two strands of DNA are bound together by the mainly stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effect between the complementary bases. ...

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