高次

関: high level、higher dimension、higher order

WordNet

in or to a high position, amount, or degree; "prices have gone up far too high"
a state of altered consciousness induced by alcohol or narcotics; "they took drugs to get a high on"
a state of sustained elation; "Im on a permanent high these days"
an air mass of higher than normal pressure; "the east coast benefits from a Bermuda high"
a lofty level or position or degree; "summer temperatures reached an all-time high"
a high place; "they stood on high and observed the countryside"; "he doesnt like heights" (同)heights
at a great altitude; "he climbed high on the ladder" (同)high up
used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency (同)high-pitched
happy and excited and energetic (同)in high spirits
slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) (同)mellow
in a rich manner; "he lives high" (同)richly, luxuriously
(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high'
far up toward the source; "he lives high up the river"
greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "a high temperature"; "a high price"; "the high point of his career"; "high risks"; "has high hopes"; "the river is high"; "he has a high opinion of himself"
talk frankly with; lay it on the line; "I have to level with you"
become level or even; "The ground levelled off" (同)level off
indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid (同)spirit_level
height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the same level"
an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously" (同)layer, stratum
tear down so as to make flat with the ground; "The building was levelled" (同)raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take_down, pull down
not showing abrupt variations; "spoke in a level voice"; "she gave him a level look"- Louis Auchincloss (同)unwavering
aim at; "level criticism or charges at somebody"
being on a precise horizontal plane; "a billiard table must be level"
oriented at right angles to the plumb; "the picture is level"
of education beyond the secondary level; "higher education"; "higher learning"
advanced in complexity or elaboration; "higher finance"; "higher mathematics"
the basic unit of money in Bulgaria

PrepTutorEJDIC

『高い』,高い所にある / 《数の後に置いて》高さが…ある / (数量・程度などが標準より)『高い』,大きい,激しい / (身分・地位が)『高い』,高貴な / 『気高い』,高潔な / (声の調子が)『高い』,鋭い / 値段の高い,金の掛かる,ぜいたくな / 楽しい,陽気な,上得意の / (時・季節が)盛りの,たけなわの / (色が)濃い,赤い / 《話》(酒・麻薬などに)酔って / 『高く』,高い所に / (価値・程度などが)高く,高度に,激しく / 〈C〉《話》高水準,高値 / 〈U〉(自動車の)高速ギア / 〈C〉《話》(麻薬などによる)酔った状態
(土地などが)『平らな』,水平な,凸凹のない / 『同じ高さ(程度)の』 / 《話》精神状態がよくつり合いのとれた,分別のある / 〈U〉〈C〉(地位・程度などの一般的な)『標準』,『水準』,レベル / 〈C〉(高さ・深さの基準となる)『水平面』,水平線 / 〈C〉〈U〉(ある物と比べたときの)『高さ』,深さ / 〈C〉(建物の)階,層 / 〈C〉《おもに米》(水準器《英》spirit level) / 〈物の表面〉‘を'『平らにする』 / 〈木・家など〉‘を'倒す / 〈地位・程度など〉‘を'一様にする,平均する / 《『level』+『名』+『at』+『名』》(目標に)〈銃など〉の水準器を合わせる / 《『level』+『名』+『at』(『against』)+『名』〈人〉》(人に)〈非難など〉‘を'浴びせる / 水平に,平らに
highの比較級 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》高等な,高度の;上級の / highの比較級

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/11 10:08:46」(JST)

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"Higher level" redirects here; not to be confused with Higher consciousness.

In the Scottish secondary education system, the Higher is one of the national school-leaving certificate exams and university entrance qualifications of the Scottish Qualifications Certificate (SQC) offered by the Scottish Qualifications Authority. It superseded the old Higher Grade on the Scottish Certificate of Education (SCE). Both are normally referred to simply as "Highers". In addition the standard route of Highers and Advanced Highers, the proportion taking alternative qualifications in Scotland for entry into universities such as English GCE A-Levels or the International Baccalaureate Diploma is increasing.^[1]

The modern Higher is Level 6 on the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework.

History

Origins

In 1888, the Scottish Leaving Certificate was established in response to the terms of the Education Act of 1872. It was designed to have higher and lower levels assessed as individual subjects including Mathematics, Ancient or Modern Foreign Language, Science, etc. The higher level aimed at university entrance and the lower to suit the General Medical Council entrance requirements. This was later revised to higher level for entry to university and lower for banking insurance and business. Between 1963 and 1982 Higher Grades were awarded by the Scottish Certificate of Education Examination Board (SCEEB), which later became the Scottish Examination Board (SEB),^[2] and was the historical terminal exam for the majority of Scottish secondary school pupils, especially those seeking work in skilled industries or progress onto higher education. They were usually taken in the 5th Year of secondary school (often referred to as S5, and entered at age 15 or 16). The SCE Higher progressed on from the SCE Ordinary Grade.

Pupils studied for one academic year (in practice two terms — Winter and Spring), sitting exams in the May of S5. The majority of courses were examined by written papers with practical work present in subjects such as Art and Design.

There existed a further extension qualification, the Certificate of Sixth Year Studies, which was awarded on a separate certificate.

1992 revision

As a result of the Further and Higher Education (Scotland) Act 1992 a series of Revised Higher Grade courses was put in place. When listed on the SCE the subject name would be followed by (Revised).

The revision process changed the curriculum content and the method of examination with the majority of Higher Grade courses changing to two terminal papers with a coursework element. Paper A was a short answer question paper and Paper B required longer, more in-depth answers. Coursework could account for anything from 0% (English) to 30% (Computing Studies) of the final mark.

The majority of Scottish Higher Education Institutions were generally only accepting Revised Higher Grade for entry,^[when?] except where a pupil was classed as a mature student (aged over 25).

1999 revision

In 1999, a reform of the examination system known as "Higher Still" took place.^[3] In the process, a new style of Higher examination system was introduced in Scotland. The new Higher was designed to operate within a framework of qualifications known as National Qualifications. This was designed to link the most basic examination offered by the SQA (Access 1) with the most difficult one (Advanced Higher) on a continuous "ladder of achievement".

Qualifications offered under the "Higher Still" framework have a common structure, typically consisting of a mixture of summative and formative assessment. Qualifications usually consist of units of work ending in a basic competency test that functions as an internal assessment (commonly known as a "NAB" as they are drawn from the National Assessment Bank), and a terminal examination which serves to determine the final grade. In order to obtain a qualification, all the internal units for that qualification must be passed, and a passing grade must be obtained on the terminal examination. It is possible to sit the examination only, in which case "Exam Only" will be recorded on the Certificate. In some schools, all units must be passed (with two or less attempts) or the student is not be allowed to sit the final national exam.

Criticism of modularisation

The system was criticised at the time of introduction as objections were made to the modularisation of subjects such as English and Art which require an accumulation of critical and productive skills over a full year rather than the passing of discrete modules, which was seen as a system much better suited to scientific subjects. However, strictly speaking, English teaching is not moduralised, given that the internal assessments do not assess fixed blocks of knowledge, as in the sciences, rather, they assess specific skills and can be delivered at different points in the year. The modularisation of the Higher examination and the other qualifications under the "Higher Still" umbrella is also not the same as that of the English A-level, in which terminal examinations are themselves arranged into modules. Under the Scottish system, the final examination is still essentially synoptic in nature and draw from all units. Additionally, the internal units do not contribute to the grade awarded.

Higher became Level 6 on the SCQF and is now a National Course.

2000 marking controversy

The administrative structure accompanying the new system was not entirely successful, and 2000 saw a marking fiasco that cost the head of the authority his job and severely damaged the career of the Education Minister, Sam Galbraith. Thousands of pupils received incorrect or late results, leading to difficulties for the pupils, UCAS (the University and Colleges Admissions Service) and Higher Education Institutions, as many pupils did not receive accurate exam results until after the universities' academic year had started.

Role in University admissions

The most able candidates in S5 typically take five Higher subjects, and matriculation requirements for courses are specified from a range from CC to AAAAA depending on the course and university. UK universities outwith Scotland may require students to study to Advanced Higher level, given that the Higher is equivalent to AS-level on the UCAS tariff. As Scottish university courses traditionally have a duration of 4 years, the loss of one year's schooling is compensated by an additional university year. The flexibility of the [National Qualifications] framework means that candidates may take a mixture of Higher courses and Intermediate 2 courses in S5, with a view to studying the Higher equivalent in S6, thus gaining university qualifications across two years. This system maximises the opportunities available to candidates of differing abilities.

An advantage of the system is that candidates will apply to University in S6 on the basis of determined Higher results. This avoids the problem of having to apply on the basis of predicted grade results, and eliminates much uncertainty involved in the setting of conditional offers. .

Current courses

All National Qualification Higher subjects follow the same modular structure and grading system. It is a common mistake to confuse vocational Higher National Courses with NQ Higher courses.

Structure

As a result of the Higher Still reforms, every Higher course now consists of:

A compulsory core which all candidates must complete
Optional elements which a candidate and/or centre choose to study
Three Unit Assessments, (commonly referred to as NABs after the National Assessment Bank from which these assessments are selected by teachers). These are assessed by a centre and moderated by the SQA
A final exam which determines the grade and level of pass and, where applicable, any coursework.

In order to pass a course, the candidate must pass all Unit Assessments as well as the final exam. A student who fails a Unit Assessment is allowed one re-sit opportunity on a fresh, unseen assessment but may only get a second re-sit opportunity in "exceptional circumstances". In theory, therefore, a student who passes all but one Unit, and goes on to pass the final exam, will nonetheless not be awarded the overall pass for the course until he or she has completed the outstanding Unit in a subsequent year.

Grades

Higher examinations, in common with all National Qualification levels, have 5 grades: A, B, C, D and No Award. A, B and C all indicate that the candidate has achieved the Higher, with D representing a "first fail" where a candidate just failed to achieve sufficiently to move from Intermediate 2, the next level down, and No Award represently no attainment (0 to 44% on a Standardised Scale). On standardised mark scales, a D-grade represents scores of 45-49%. Furthermore, each is given tariff points towards the UCAS system.

Grade	Percentage
A	70% and above
B	60% – 69%
C	50% – 59%
D	45% – 49%
No Award	44% and below

Band	Percentage
1: A	85% and above
2: A	70% – 84%
3: B	65% – 69%
4: B	60% – 64%
5: C	55% – 59%
6: C	50% – 54%
7: D	45% – 49%
8: Fail	44% and below

These are general grade boundaries and will vary by a few percentage points depending on the difficulty of the exam. The ultimate determination of grade boundaries depends upon the quantity of raw marks that would demonstrate achievement of criteria laid out in course specifications.

Subjects

The following is a list of courses currently available at Higher level:

Accounting
Administration
Architectural Technology
Art and Design
Automotive Engineering
Biology
Biotechnology
Building and Architectural Technology
Building Services
Business Management
Care
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Classical Greek
Classical Studies
Chinese Language and Culture
Computing
Construction
Dance
Drama
Early Education and Childcare
Early Years Care and Education
Economics
Electrical Engineering
Electronics
English
English for Speakers of Other Languages
Fabrication and Welding Engineering
French
Gaelic (Learners)
Gàidhlig
Geography
Geology
German
Graphic Communication
History
Home Economics: Fashion and Textile Technology
Home Economics: Health and Food Technology
Home Economics: Lifestyle and Consumer Technology
Hospitality: Food and Drink Service
Hospitality: Professional Cookery
Hospitality: Reception and Accommodation Operations
Human Biology
Information Systems
Italian
Land Use
Latin
Managing Environmental Resources
Mandarin Chinese
Manufacturing
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Mechatronics
Media Studies
Modern Studies
Music
Personal and Social Education
Philosophy
Photography
Physical Education
Physics
Politics
Product Design
Psychology
Religious Education
Religious, Moral and Philosophical Studies
Russian
Sociology
Spanish
Technological Studies
Travel and Tourism
Urdu

References

^ http://www.expatwoman.com/abudhabi/monthly_abudhabi_education_International_Baccalaureate_vs_A_Levels_And_Scottish_Highers_10592.aspx
^ "SCOTTISH NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS - SCQF LEVELS AND TIMELINES" (PDF). SCQF. SCQF. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
^ "Higher Still (English)". millbanksystems.com. Hansard. Retrieved 10 September 2015.

External links

Scottish Qualifications Authority official website
Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework official website

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