WordNet

of or relating to the external sex organs; "genital herpes"; "venereal disease" (同)venereal
viral diseases causing eruptions of the skin or mucous membrane
any of the animal viruses that cause painful blisters on the skin (同)herpes_virus

PrepTutorEJDIC

生殖の,生殖器の
疱疹(ほうしん)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/13 18:36:43」(JST)

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Genital herpes in a male

Herpes genitalis (or genital herpes) refers to a genital infection by Herpes simplex virus.

Following the classification HSV into two distinct categories of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the 1960s,^[1]^[2] it was established that "HSV-2 was below the waist, HSV-1 was above the waist". Although genital herpes is largely believed to be caused by HSV-2, genital HSV-1 infections are increasing and now exceed 50% in certain populations, ^[3]^[4]^[5] and that rule of thumb no longer applies. HSV is believed to be asymptomatic in the majority of cases, thus aiding contagion and hindering containment. When symptomatic, the typical manifestation of a primary HSV-1 or HSV-2 genital infection is clusters of genital sores consisting of inflamed papules and vesicles on the outer surface of the genitals, resembling cold sores.^[6]

These usually appear 4–7 days after sexual exposure to HSV for the first time.^[7] Genital HSV-1 infection recurs at rate of about one sixth of that of genital HSV-2.^[8] In males, the lesions occur on the glans penis, shaft of the penis or other parts of the genital region, on the inner thigh, buttocks, or anus. In females, lesions appear on or near the pubis, labia, clitoris, vulva, buttocks or anus.^[6]

Other common symptoms include pain, itching, and burning. Less frequent, yet still common, symptoms include discharge from the penis or vagina, fever, headache, muscle pain (myalgia), swollen and enlarged lymph nodes and malaise.^[7] Women often experience additional symptoms that include painful urination (dysuria) and cervicitis. Herpetic proctitis (inflammation of the anus and rectum) is common for individuals participating in anal intercourse.^[7]

After 2–3 weeks, existing lesions progress into ulcers and then crust and heal, although lesions on mucosal surfaces may never form crusts.^[7] In rare cases, involvement of the sacral region of the spinal cord can cause acute urinary retention and one-sided symptoms and signs of myeloradiculitis (a combination of myelitis and radiculitis): pain, sensory loss, abnormal sensations (paresthesia) and rash.^[9]^[10] Historically this has been termed Elsberg syndrome, although this entity is not clearly defined.^[9]

Treatment

Medical research has not been able to find a way to halt the spread of herpes and the number of infected people keeps growing. In the United States alone, 45 million people are infected, with an additional one million new infections occurring every year.^[11]

Presently, genital herpes cannot be cured. Moreover, genital herpes can be transmitted by viral shedding prior to and following the visual signs of symptoms. There are however some drugs that can shorten outbreaks and make them less severe or even stop them from happening. Among these drugs are: acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir.^[12]

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used against herpes viruses, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr Viruses. This drug reduces the pain and the number of lesions in the initial case of genital herpes. Furthermore, it decreases the frequency and severity of recurrent infections. It comes in capsules, tablets, suspension, injection, powder for injection, and ointment. The ointment is used topically and it decreases pain, reduces healing time, and limits the spread of the infection.^[13]

Valacyclovir is also used to treat herpes virus infections. Once in the body, it becomes the anti-herpes medicine, acyclovir. It helps relieve the pain and discomfort and the sores heal faster. It only comes in caplets and its advantage is that it has a longer duration of action than acyclovir.^[14]

Famciclovir is another antiviral drug that belongs to the same class of acyclovir and valacyclovir. Famciclovir is a prodrug that is converted to penciclovir in the body. The latter is the one active against the viruses. This drug has a longer duration of action than acyclovir and it only comes in tablets.^[15]

References

^ Dowdle Wr, Nahmias AJ, Harwell RW, Pauls FP. (1967). "Association of antigenic type of Herpesvirus hominis with site of viral recovery". J Immunol 99 (5): 974–80. PMID 4295116. http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/reprint/99/5/974.
^ Nahmias Aj, Dowdle W.R. (1968). "Antigenic and biologic differences in herpesvirus hominis.". Prog Med Virol 10: 110–59. PMID 4304588.
^ Ribes Ja, Steele AD, Seabolt JP, Baker DJ (2001 Sep). "Six-year study of the incidence of herpes in genital and nongenital cultures in a central Kentucky medical center patient population". J Clin Microbiol 39 (9): 3321–5. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.9.3321-3325.2001. PMC 88338. PMID 11526170. http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/reprint/39/9/3321.
^ Mertz Gj, Rosenthal SL, Stanberry LR (2003 Oct). "Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Now More Common than HSV-2 in First Episodes of Genital Herpes?" (PDF). Sex Trans Dis 30 (10): 801–802. doi:10.1097/01.OLQ.0000093080.55201.D1. PMID 14520182. http://www.stdjournal.com/pt/re/std/pdfhandler.00007435-200310000-00013.pdf.
^ Coyle Pv, O'neill HJ, Wyatt DE, McCaughey C, Quah S, McBride MO (2003 May). "Emergence of herpes simplex type 1 as the main cause of recurrent genital ulcerative disease in women in Northern Ireland". J Clin Virol 27 (1): 22–9. doi:10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00105-1. PMID 12727525. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VJV-46VBSGG-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=11a6e4b52fc4411dd5ccd276a32602b8.
^ ^a ^b "STD Facts - Genital Herpes". http://www.cdc.gov/std/Herpes/STDFact-Herpes.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gupta R, Warren T, Wald A (2007). "Genital herpes". Lancet 370 (9605): 2127–37. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61908-4. PMID 18156035.
^ Lafferty We, Coombs RW, Benedetti J, Critchlow C, Corey L (1987-06-04). "Recurrences after oral and genital herpes simplex virus infection. Influence of site of infection and viral type". N Engl J Med 316 (23): 1444–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM198706043162304. PMID 3033506. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/316/23/1444.
^ ^a ^b Sakakibara R, Yamanishi T, Uchiyama T, Hattori T (August 2006). "Acute urinary retention due to benign inflammatory nervous diseases". Journal of neurology 253 (8): 1103–10. doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0189-9. PMID 16680560.
^ Vonk P (December 1993). "Elsberg syndrome: acute urinary retention following a viral infection" (in Dutch; Flemish). Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 137 (50): 2603–5. PMID 8277988.
^ "Genital Herpes". http://www.emedicinehealth.com/genital_herpes/article_em.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
^ "Genital Herpes Treatment". http://www.genitalherpessymptoms.org/genital-herpes-treatment.html. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
^ "Medications and Drugs". http://www.medicinenet.com/acyclovir/article.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
^ "Brand Name: Valtrex". http://www.medicinenet.com/valacyclovir/article.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
^ "Brand Name: Famvir". http://www.medicinenet.com/famciclovir/article.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 性器単純ヘルペスウイルス感染の治療 treatment of genital herpes simplex virus infection
2. 性器単純ヘルペスウイルス感染の疫学、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection
3. 性器単純ヘルペスウイルス感染と妊娠 genital herpes simplex virus infection and pregnancy
4. 性器ヘルペスウイルス感染の予防 prevention of genital herpes virus infections
5. HIV感染患者における薬剤抵抗性性器単純ヘルペスウイルス感染の治療 treatment of drug resistant genital herpes simplex virus infection in hiv infected patients

English Journal

Prospective seroepidemiologic study on the role of Human Papillomavirus and other infections in cervical carcinogenesis: evidence from the EPIC cohort.

Castellsagué X1, Pawlita M, Roura E, Margall N, Waterboer T, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S, Gonzalez CA, Dillner J, Gram IT, Tjønneland A, Munk C, Pala V, Palli D, Khaw KT, Barnabas RV, Overvad K, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Steffen A, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Klinaki E, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Mattiello A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Lund E, Weiderpass E, Quirós JR, Sánchez MJ, Navarro C, Barricarte A, Larrañaga N, Ekström J, Hortlund M, Lindquist D, Wareham N, Travis RC, Rinaldi S, Tommasino M, Franceschi S, Riboli E.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Jul 15;135(2):440-52. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28665. Epub 2014 Jan 6.
To evaluate prospectively the association between serological markers of selected infections, including HPV, and risk of developing cervical cancer (CC) and precancer, we performed a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study that i
PMID 24338606

Daily oral tenofovir and emtricitabine-tenofovir preexposure prophylaxis reduces herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition among heterosexual HIV-1-uninfected men and women: a subgroup analysis of a randomized trial.

Celum C, Morrow RA, Donnell D, Hong T, Hendrix CW, Thomas KK, Fife KH, Nakku-Joloba E, Mujugira A, Baeten JM; Partners PrEP Study Team.
Annals of internal medicine.Ann Intern Med.2014 Jul 1;161(1):11-9. doi: 10.7326/M13-2471.
BACKGROUND: Daily oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using the antiretroviral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) alone or in combination with emtricitabine (FTC-TDF) reduces the risk for HIV-1 acquisition. Tenofovir has in vitro activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).OBJECTIVE: To as
PMID 24979446

Autophagy and female genital tract infections: new insights and research directions.

Jayaram A1, Orfanelli T, Doulaveris G, Linhares IM, Ledger WJ, Witkin SS.
BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.BJOG.2014 Jun;121(7):801-8. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12523. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
Autophagy is a highly conserved process by which defective organelles, non-functional proteins, and intracellular microorganisms become sequestered within structures called autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes and the engulfed components are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. In microbial autophagy
PMID 24506514

Japanese Journal

ＭＪＤ‐１７４１の単純ほう疹に対する臨床的検討

安藤正明,国分純,佐藤英嗣,清水忠道,村松隆一,山中清光,大河原章
西日本皮膚科 52(2), 365-370, 1990
ビダラビン3%軟膏(MJD-1741)の単純疱疹に対する有効性および安全性を検討した。総症例数は38例, その内訳は, 口唇ヘルペス31例, カポジー水痘様発疹症2例, 陰部疱疹1例, 顔面に発症した単純疱疹2例, 臀部, 手·口唇部に発症した単純疱疹各1例であつた。有効率は, 「有効」以上が50.0%, 「やや有効」以上が81.6%であつた。なお, 単純疱疹の既往歴を有する患者に対して, MJD …
NAID 130004473522

Acute urinary retention in herpes genitalis infection. Urodynamic evaluation

GREENSTEIN A
Urology 31, 453-456, 1988
NAID 30008712947

ヘルペス感染症の診断におけるtoluidine blue染色の応用

和田順子,木村祐子,小倉まき子,栗林伸子,河西洋,篠崎百合子
日本臨床細胞学会雑誌 25(3), 520-523, 1986-05-20
NAID 110001282559

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「性器ヘルペス」「陰部疱疹」
関連記事	「genital」

「性器ヘルペス」

Anogenital herpesviral infection
	Classification and external resources
	; Genital herpes in a female
ICD-10	A60
ICD-9	054.1
MedlinePlus	000857
MeSH	D006558

　　[★]

英: genital herpes, genital herpes simplex
ラ: herpes genitalis
同: 陰部疱疹、陰部ヘルペス
関: 単純ヘルペス、単純ヘルペスウイルス

[show details]

性器ヘルペス : 約 547,000 件
陰部ヘルペス : 約 40,000 件
陰部疱疹 : 約 2,340 件
性器疱疹 : 約 723 件

単純ヘルペスの感染症の一型

病原体

HSV-2が原因であることが多い。HSV-1が原因であることもある。
日本女性の初感染はHSV-1(やや多い)、HSV-2。再感染はほとんどがHSV-2。(出典不明)

疫学

思春期以降に発生することがある

潜伏期

4-7日(IRE.944)

症候

感染部位：(男性)陰茎。(女性)陰唇、陰裂。尿道にも起こりうる。

NDE. 425

初感染型と再発型がある

(初感染)発熱、倦怠感、髄膜炎(HSV-2)、腎不全　　←　　初感染では重症化しやすい
鼡径リンパ節の有痛性腫大
感染部位(外陰部)：小水疱→　小潰瘍　→　疼痛

男子：亀頭、包皮
女子：陰唇、会陰部

排尿困難

検査

水疱、海洋底から検体を採取してツァンク法による塗沫標本を作成し、ライト染色、ギムザ染色により多核巨細胞を証明する。

治療

バラシクロビル、ガンシクロビル

経過

2-4週間で治癒

後遺症

排尿障害

仙骨神経叢の障害

予後

再発がありうる。再発は1年以内に発症し、1-4ヶ月以内が多い。再発の頻度は個人差が多いが4-7回/年である。

鑑別

急性外陰潰瘍(リップシュッツ潰瘍)
梅毒
軟性下疳
外陰癌
Crohn病

「陰部疱疹」

　　[★]

英: genital herpes、herpes genitalis
関: 性器ヘルペス、陰部ヘルペス

「genital」

　　[★]

adj.

生殖の、性器の、生殖器の、陰部の

ex.

genital herpes 性器ヘルペス

関: accessory sex organ、generative、genital organ、genital tract、genitalia、genitalium、reproduction、reproductive、reproductive organ、sexual organ

[Dowdle1967-0] Dowdle Wr, Nahmias AJ, Harwell RW, Pauls FP. (1967). "Association of antigenic type of Herpesvirus hominis with site of viral recovery". J Immunol 99 (5): 974–80. PMID 4295116. http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/reprint/99/5/974.

[Nahmias1968-1] Nahmias Aj, Dowdle W.R. (1968). "Antigenic and biologic differences in herpesvirus hominis.". Prog Med Virol 10: 110–59. PMID 4304588.

[Ribes2001-2] Ribes Ja, Steele AD, Seabolt JP, Baker DJ (2001 Sep). "Six-year study of the incidence of herpes in genital and nongenital cultures in a central Kentucky medical center patient population". J Clin Microbiol 39 (9): 3321–5. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.9.3321-3325.2001. PMC 88338. PMID 11526170. http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/reprint/39/9/3321.

[pmid14520182-3] Mertz Gj, Rosenthal SL, Stanberry LR (2003 Oct). "Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Now More Common than HSV-2 in First Episodes of Genital Herpes?" (PDF). Sex Trans Dis 30 (10): 801–802. doi:10.1097/01.OLQ.0000093080.55201.D1. PMID 14520182. http://www.stdjournal.com/pt/re/std/pdfhandler.00007435-200310000-00013.pdf.

[Coyle2003-4] Coyle Pv, O'neill HJ, Wyatt DE, McCaughey C, Quah S, McBride MO (2003 May). "Emergence of herpes simplex type 1 as the main cause of recurrent genital ulcerative disease in women in Northern Ireland". J Clin Virol 27 (1): 22–9. doi:10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00105-1. PMID 12727525. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VJV-46VBSGG-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=11a6e4b52fc4411dd5ccd276a32602b8.

[titleSTD_Facts_-_Genital_Herpes-5] "STD Facts - Genital Herpes". http://www.cdc.gov/std/Herpes/STDFact-Herpes.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-22.

[pmid18156035-6] Gupta R, Warren T, Wald A (2007). "Genital herpes". Lancet 370 (9605): 2127–37. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61908-4. PMID 18156035.

[Lafferty1987_Jun_4-7] Lafferty We, Coombs RW, Benedetti J, Critchlow C, Corey L (1987-06-04). "Recurrences after oral and genital herpes simplex virus infection. Influence of site of infection and viral type". N Engl J Med 316 (23): 1444–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM198706043162304. PMID 3033506. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/316/23/1444.

[pmid16680560-8] Sakakibara R, Yamanishi T, Uchiyama T, Hattori T (August 2006). "Acute urinary retention due to benign inflammatory nervous diseases". Journal of neurology 253 (8): 1103–10. doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0189-9. PMID 16680560.

[pmid8277988-9] Vonk P (December 1993). "Elsberg syndrome: acute urinary retention following a viral infection" (in Dutch; Flemish). Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 137 (50): 2603–5. PMID 8277988.

[10] "Genital Herpes". http://www.emedicinehealth.com/genital_herpes/article_em.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

[Genital_Herpes_Treatment-11] "Genital Herpes Treatment". http://www.genitalherpessymptoms.org/genital-herpes-treatment.html. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

[12] "Medications and Drugs". http://www.medicinenet.com/acyclovir/article.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

[13] "Brand Name: Valtrex". http://www.medicinenet.com/valacyclovir/article.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

[14] "Brand Name: Famvir". http://www.medicinenet.com/famciclovir/article.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

匿名

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案内

案内

herpes genitalis