関: accessory sex organ、genital、genital organ、genital tract、genitalia、genitalium、reproductive organ

WordNet

external sex organ (同)genital_organ, genitals, private_parts, privates, crotch
of or relating to the external sex organs; "genital herpes"; "venereal disease" (同)venereal
wind instrument whose sound is produced by means of pipes arranged in sets supplied with air from a bellows and controlled from a large complex musical keyboard (同)pipe_organ
a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function
a government agency or instrument devoted to the performance of some specific function; "The Census Bureau is an organ of the Commerce Department"
a periodical that is published by a special interest group; "the organ of the communist party"
of or relating to or characterized by sexuality; "sexual orientation"; "sexual distinctions"
having or involving sex; "sexual reproduction"; "sexual spores"

PrepTutorEJDIC

=genitals
生殖の,生殖器の
『オルガン』,パイプオルガン(pipe organ),リードオルガン(reed organ),電子オルガン(electronic organ),手回しオルガン(barrel organ) / (動植物の)『器官』 / (政党・会社などの)機関誌,機関紙 / 《しばしば複数形で》(行動・実施などの)組織,機関
性の,男女(雌雄)の / 有性生殖の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/22 19:45:28」(JST)

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Flowers are the sex organs of flowering plants.

A sex organ or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined, is any anatomical part of the body involved in sexual reproduction and constituting the reproductive system in a complex organism, especially the external sex organs; the external sex organs are also commonly referred to as the genitalia or genitals.^[1]^[2]

Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants,^[3] cones are the reproductive organs of coniferous plants,^[4] whereas mosses, ferns, and other similar plants have gametangia for reproductive organs.^[5]

Terminology

The Latin term genitalia, sometimes anglicized as genital area, is used to describe the externally visible sex organs, known as primary genitalia or external genitalia: in male mammals, the penis and scrotum; and in female mammals, the clitoris and vulva.

The other, hidden sex organs are referred to as the secondary genitalia or internal genitalia. The most important of these are the gonads, a pair of sex organs, specifically the testes in the male or the ovaries in the female. Gonads are the true sex organs, generating reproductive gametes containing inheritable DNA. They also produce most of the primary hormones that affect sexual development, and regulate other sexual organs and sexually differentiated behaviors.

A more ambiguously defined term is erogenous zone, subjectively, any portion of the body that when stimulated produces erotic sensation, but always prominently including the genitalia.

Mammals

External and internal organs

The visible portion of the mammalian genitals for males consists of the scrotum and penis; for females, it consists of the labia, clitoris, and vagina.

In placental mammals, females have two genital orifices, the vagina and urethra, while males have only one, the urethra.^[6] Male and female genitals have many nerve endings, resulting in pleasurable and highly sensitive touch.^[7]^[8] In most human societies, particularly in conservative ones, genitals are considered a public indecency and sometimes even illegal if left uncovered in public.^[9]

In mammals, sex organs include:

Female	Male
Bartholin's glands Cervix Clitoris Clitoral frenulum Clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) Clitoral hood Fallopian tubes labium Labia majora Labia minora Frenulum of labia minora Ovaries Skene's gland Uterus Vagina Vulva An image of human female external sex organs (shaved of pubic hair)	Bulbourethral glands Epididymis Penis Foreskin Frenulum of penis Glans penis Prostate Scrotum Seminal vesicles Testicles An image of human male external sex organs

Development

In typical prenatal development, sexual organs originate from a common anlage anatomy during early gestation and differentiate into male or female variations. The SRY gene, usually located on the Y chromosome and encoding the testis determining factor, determines the direction of this differentiation. The absence of it allows the gonads to continue to develop into ovaries.

Thereafter, the development of the internal reproductive organs and the external genitalia is determined by hormones produced by certain fetal gonads (ovaries or testes) and the cells' response to them. The initial appearance of the fetal genitalia (a few weeks after conception) looks basically feminine: a pair of "urogenital folds" with a small protuberance in the middle, and the urethra behind the protuberance. If the fetus has testes, and if the testes produce testosterone, and if the cells of the genitals respond to the testosterone, the outer urogenital folds swell and fuse in the midline to produce the scrotum; the protuberance grows larger and straighter to form the penis; the inner urogenital swellings grow, wrap around the penis, and fuse in the midline to form the penile urethra.

Each sexual organ in one sex has a homologous counterpart in the other one. See a list of homologues of the human reproductive system. In a larger perspective, the whole process of sexual differentiation also includes development of secondary sexual characteristics such as patterns of pubic and facial hair and female breasts that emerge at puberty. Furthermore, differences in brain structure arise, affecting, but not absolutely determining, behavior.

Intersex is the development of genitalia somewhere between typical male and female genitalia. Once the child is born, the parents are faced with decisions that are often difficult to make, such as whether or not to modify the genitalia, assign the child as male or female, or leave the genitalia as is. Some parents allow their doctors to choose. If they do decide to modify the genitalia, they have approximately a 50% chance of getting genitalia that will match the child's gender identity. If they pick the wrong one, their child may begin to show symptoms of transsexualism, which can lead them to a life of discomfort until they are able to remedy the issue.^[10]

Plants

Flowering plants

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the union of the male and female germ cells. The sex organs, contained within the flower, may contain both male and female sex organs (these are known as perfect, bisexual, or hermaphrodite) or only one of the two (known as imperfect or unisexual). Also, those plants whose flowers are unisexual may contain both male and female flowers, or there may be purely male and female plants of the same species.

During a plant's sexual reproduction the stamen (male sex organ) produces pollen from an anther. These male germ cells are carried to the pistil (female sex organ), with the ovary at its base where fertilization can take place. The male germ cells can be carried by air, rain, water, insects, or other symbiotic animals, or simply by gravity.

References

^ "Sex organ (sɛks ˈɔːɡən)". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
^ P. R. Ashalatha, G. Deepa (2012). Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses. JP Medical Ltd. pp. 252–274. ISBN 9350254239. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
^ "Flowering Plant Reproduction". Emc.maricopa.edu. 2010-05-18. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
^ ibiblio.org
^ "Mosses and Ferns". Biology.clc.uc.edu. 2001-03-16. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
^ Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
^ Sexual Intimacy in Marriage William Cutrer
^ Daphne's Dance: True Tales in the Evolution of Woman's Sexual Awareness Brigitta Olsen
^ Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide? retrieved 9 February 2012
^ Fausto Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing The Body. New York: New York. pp. 44–77.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 女性における骨盤臓器脱の疫学、危険因子、臨床症状、およびマネージメントの概要 an overview of the epidemiology risk factors clinical manifestations and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women
2. 女性の骨盤臓器脱：先端脱（子宮脱または膣円蓋脱）の外科的修復 pelvic organ prolapse in women surgical repair of apical prolapse uterine or vaginal vault prolapse
3. 思春期の性 adolescent sexuality
4. 性行為に伴う一次性頭痛 primary headache associated with sexual activity
5. 骨盤臓器脱および腹圧性尿失禁の治療における再建材料（外科用メッシュまたはbiograft）の経膣的留置の概要 overview of transvaginal placement of reconstructive materials surgical mesh or biografts for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse or stress urinary incontinence

English Journal

Aggressive behaviour and physiological responses to pheromones are strongly impaired in mice deficient for the olfactory G-protein γ-subunit, Gγ8.

Montani G, Tonelli S, Sanghez V, Ferrari PF, Palanza P, Zimmer A, Tirindelli R.SourceUniversity of Parma;
The Journal of physiology.J Physiol.2013 Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are critical players in the transduction mechanisms underlying odorant and pheromonal signaling. In the vomeronasal organ of the adult mouse, two different G-protein complexes have been identified. Gαoβ2γ8 is preferentially expressed in the basal neurons and coexpresses
PMID 23836683

Effects of methyltestosterone, letrozole, triphenyltin and fenarimol on histology of reproductive organs of the copepod Acartia tonsa.

Watermann BT, Albanis TA, Dagnac T, Gnass K, Ole Kusk K, Sakkas VA, Wollenberger L.SourceLaboratory for Aquatic Research and Comparative Pathology (LimnoMar), Bei der Neuen Muenze 11, D-22145 Hamburg, Germany. watermann@limnomar.de
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2013 Jul;92(5):544-54. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.053. Epub 2013 May 9.
The marine calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa was exposed to methyltestosterone (MET, 1.6-126 μg L(-1)), letrozole (LET, 10-1000 μg L(-1)), triphenyltin chloride (TPT, 0.0014-0.0088 μg L(-1) TPT-Sn) and fenarimol (FEN, 2.8-105 μg L(-1)) for 21 d covering a full life-cycle. All four compounds investi
PMID 23664474

A systematic review of abusive visceral injuries in childhood-Their range and recognition.

Maguire SA, Upadhyaya M, Evans A, Mann MK, Haroon MM, Tempest V, Lumb RC, Kemp AM.SourceChild Health Department, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
Child abuse & neglect.Child Abuse Negl.2013 Jul;37(7):430-45. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.10.009. Epub 2013 Jan 7.
OBJECTIVES: To define what abusive visceral injuries occur, including their clinical features and the value of screening tests for abdominal injury among abused children.METHODS: We searched 12 databases, with snowballing techniques, for the period 1950-2011, with all identified studies undergoing t
PMID 23306146

Japanese Journal

Adult T cell Leukemia-Lymphoma

Tsukasaki Kunihiro
Hematology 17(1), S32-S35, 2012-04-01
… The three major routes of HTLV-1 transmission are mother-to-child infections via breast milk, sexual intercourse, and blood transfusions. … The diversity in clinical features and prognosis of patients with this disease has led to its subtype-classification into four categories, acute, lymphoma, chronic, and smoldering types defined by organ involvement, and LDH and calcium values. …
NAID 120004418955

Laparoscopic-Assisted Tension-free Vaginal Mesh: An Innovative Approach to Placing Synthetic Mesh Transvaginally for Surgical Correction of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Watanabe Toyohiko,Inoue Miyabi,Ishii Ayano,Yamato Toyoko,Yamamoto Masumi,Sasaki Katsumi,Kobayashi Yasuyuki,Araki Motoo,Uehara Shinya,Saika Takashi,Kumon Hiromi
Acta Medica Okayama 66(1), 23-29, 2012-02
… Polypropylene mesh implants for the correction of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are now available in Japan. … From June 2007 through March 2010, sixteen consecutive patients with symptomatic stage 2 or 3 pelvic organ prolapse underwent the laparoscopic-assisted tension-free vaginal mesh procedure at Okayama University Hospital. … Female sexual function was also evaluated with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). …
NAID 120003850605