hemostatic agent

• 止血薬

関

hemostat、hemostatic、hemostatic drug、hemostatics

WordNet

1. a substance that exerts some force or effect
2. a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission (同)factor, broker
3. any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau (同)federal agent
4. a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
5. an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; "their research uncovered new disease agents"
6. how long something has existed; "it was replaced because of its age"
7. a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises; "she was now of school age"; "tall for his eld" (同)eld
8. begin to seem older; get older; "The death of his wife caused him to age fast"
9. make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously"
10. a surgical instrument that stops bleeding by clamping the blood vessel (同)haemostat

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『代理人』;周旋人 / 働き(作用)を起こすもの;作用物,薬剤 / (政府機関,特にFBI,CIAなどの)部員,機関員
2. 〈U〉(一般に)『年齢』,寿命;〈C〉(個々の)『年齢』,年 / 〈U〉成年(おとなとしての資格・権利を得る年齢;通例18または21歳) / 〈U〉『老齢』;《集合的に》老人たち / 〈U〉(人生の)『一時期』;〈C〉世代(generation) / 〈U〉〈C〉《しばしばA-》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 〈C〉《話》長い間 / 年をとる,ふける;〈物が〉古くなる / 〈年〉'を'とらせる;〈物〉'を'古びさせる
3. 〈U〉止血剤 / 〈C〉(手術用の)止血鉗子(しけつかんし)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/12/20 00:39:06」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

An antihemorrhagic (antihæmorrhagic) agent is a substance that promotes hemostasis (stops bleeding). It may also be known as a hemostatic (also spelled hæmostatic) agent.

A styptic (also spelled stiptic) is a specific type of antihemorrhagic agent that works by contracting tissue to seal injured blood vessels. Styptic pencils contain astringents.

Antihemorrhagic agents used in medicine have various mechanisms of action:

• Systemic drugs work by inhibiting fibrinolysis or promoting coagulation.
• Locally-acting hemostatic agents work by causing vasoconstriction or promoting platelet aggregation.

Medical uses

Hemostatic agents are used during surgical procedures to achieve hemostasis and are categorized as hemostats, sealants and adhesives. They vary based on their mechanism of action, composition, ease of application, adherence to tissue, immunogenicity and cost. These agents permit rapid hemostasis, better visualization of the surgical area, shorter operative times, decreased requirement for transfusions, decreased wound healing time and overall improvement in patient recovery time.

Types

Systemic

There are several classes of antihemorrhagic drugs used in medicine. These include antifibrinolytics, blood coagulation factors, fibrinogen, and vitamin K.

Local

Topical hemostatic agents have been gaining popularity for use in emergency bleeding control, especially in military medicine. They are available in two forms—as a granular powder poured on wounds, or embedded in a dressing.

Organic

Microfibrillar collagen

Microfibrillar collagen hemostat (MCH) is a topical agent composed of resorbable microfibrillar collagen. It attracts platelets and allows for the formation of a blood clot when it comes into contact with blood. Unlike the hemostatic clamp, no mechanical action is involved. The surgeon presses the MCH against a bleeding site, and the collagen attracts and helps with the clotting process to eventually stop bleeding.

The practical application for MCH is different from that of the hemostatic clamp.

Chitosan

Chitosan hemostats are topical agents composed of chitosan and its salts. Chitosan bonds with platelets and red blood cells to form a gel-like clot which seals a bleeding vessel. Unlike other hemostat technologies its action does not require the normal hemostatic pathway and therefore continues to function even when anticoagulants like heparin are present.

Chitosan is used in some emergency hemostats which are designed to stop traumatic life-threatening bleeding. Their use is well established in many military and trauma units.

Inorganic

Kaolin and zeolite activate the coagulation cascade, and have been used as the active component of hemostatic dressings (for example, in QuikClot).

Styptics

Styptic pencil

Alum block and razor

Styptics cause hemostasis by contracting blood vessels.

A common delivery system for this is a styptic or hemostatic pencil (not to be confused with a caustic pencil). This is a short stick of medication. Anhydrous aluminium sulfate is the main ingredient and acts as a vasoconstrictor in order to disable blood flow. The stick is applied directly to the bleeding site. The high ionic strength promotes flocculation of the blood, and the astringent chemical causes local vasoconstriction. Before safety razors were invented, it was a standard part of a shaving kit and was used to seal shaving cuts. Some people continue to use styptic pencils for minor skin wounds from safety or electric razors.

Styptic powder is used in the veterinary trade to stop bleeding from nails that are clipped too closely. This powder is generally used on animals, such as birds, cats, dogs, and rabbits, whose vein is found in the center of the nail.

See also

• ATC code B02 – Antihemorrhagics
• Hemostatic clamp

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 外科手術で使用される局所止血剤および生体組織接着剤の概要 overview of topical hemostatic agents and tissues adhesives used in surgery
• 2. 婦人科外科手術における出血のマネージメント management of hemorrhage in gynecologic surgery
• 3. フィブリンシーラント fibrin sealant
• 4. 後天性の凝固因子阻害物質 acquired inhibitors of coagulation
• 5. 肝障害のマネージメントのための外科手技 surgical techniques for managing hepatic injury

English Journal

• Impact of the homogenization process on the structure and antioxidant properties of chitosan-lignin composite films.

• Crouvisier-Urion K1, Lagorce-Tachon A1, Lauquin C1, Winckler P1, Tongdeesoontorn W2, Domenek S3, Debeaufort F4, Karbowiak T5.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Dec 1;236:120-126. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.094. Epub 2017 Mar 18.
• PMID 28624080

• Immunoadjuvant potential of cross-linked dextran microspheres mixed with chitosan nanospheres encapsulated with tetanus toxoid.

• Pirouzmand H1, Khameneh B2, Tafaghodi M3.
• Pharmaceutical biology.Pharm Biol.2017 Dec;55(1):212-217.
• PMID 27927058

• Molecular interactions in gelatin/chitosan composite films.

• Qiao C1, Ma X2, Zhang J3, Yao J4.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Nov 15;235:45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.045. Epub 2017 May 10.
• PMID 28554645

Japanese Journal

• Aortic Valve Replacement and Graft Replacement of the Ascending Aorta Using Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in a Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome

• Minami Hiroya,Asada Tatsuro,Gan Kunio,Yamada Akitoshi,Sato Masanobu
• Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 17(3), 316-319, 2011
• … On postoperative day 22, she had a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was treated, nonoperatively, with a hemostatic agent. …
• NAID 130000728008

• 内視鏡下副鼻腔手術における Microporous polysaccharide hemispheres (MPH, アリスタAH^<TM>)の使用経験

• 児玉 悟,岡本 朋代,鈴木 正志
• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 103(9), 881-886, 2010-09-01
• … Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) now widely conducted in nasal and paranasal sinus surgery uses one of the excellent bioabsorbable and comfortable hemostatic agent available obviating the need for packing following ESS. … We report the use of microporous polysaccharide hemispheres (MPH), an absorbable hemostatic powder produced from purified potato starch, following ESS in 12 subjects with sinonasal disorders treated in 2009. …
• NAID 10026584110

Related Links

• Antihemorrhagic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Topical hemostatic agents have been gaining popularity for use in emergency bleeding control, especially in military medicine. They are available in two forms —as a granular powder poured on wounds, or embedded in a dressing.

• Review of topical hemostatic agents

This is a nice summary of the various topical hemostatic agents available on the market. There is a table of names, applications, pros/cons of use.

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「hemostatic drug」
関連記事	「agent」「hemostatic」「hemostat」「age」

「hemostatic drug」

　　[★]

• 止血薬、止血剤

関

haemostat、hemostat、hemostatic、hemostatic agent、hemostatics

「agent」

　　[★]

• n.

• 代行者、代理人。代理業者
• 政府職員、官吏
• ある後位をする人、ある作用をするもの。動員、動力因、作用因。(文法)動作主。科学的変化を起こさせるもの、薬品、～剤。病原体

関

agonist、agonistic、attorney、delegate、drug、etiologic agent、fomes、fomites、mediator、pathogen、pathogenic、pharmaceutical preparation、vector、vehicle

　 　 　 　 　 　

「hemostatic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 止血性の

• n.

• 止血薬、止血剤

関

haemostat、haemostatic、hemostat、hemostatic agent、hemostatic drug、hemostatics

「hemostat」

　　[★]

• 止血薬、止血剤

関

haemostat、hemostatic、hemostatic agent、hemostatic drug、hemostatics

　 　

「age」

　　[★]

• n.

• 年齢、歳

• v.

• 加齢する、熟成する

関

aged、ageing、aging、year old