adj.

止血性の

n.

止血薬、止血剤

関: haemostat、haemostatic、hemostat、hemostatic agent、hemostatic drug、hemostatics

WordNet

a surgical instrument that stops bleeding by clamping the blood vessel (同)haemostat

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉止血剤 / 〈C〉(手術用の)止血鉗子(しけつかんし)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/25 20:44:22」(JST)

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An antihemorrhagic (antihæmorrhagic) agent is a substance that promotes hemostasis (stops bleeding).^[1] It may also be known as a hemostatic (also spelled hæmostatic) agent.^[2]

A styptic (also spelled stiptic) is a specific type of antihemorrhagic agent that works by contracting tissue to seal injured blood vessels. Styptic pencils contain astringents.^[3]

Antihemorrhagic agents used in medicine have various mechanisms of action:

Systemic drugs work by inhibiting fibrinolysis or promoting coagulation.
Locally-acting hemostatic agents work by causing vasoconstriction or promoting platelet aggregation.

Medical uses

Hemostatic agents are used during surgical procedures to achieve hemostasis and are categorized as hemostats, sealants and adhesives. They vary based on their mechanism of action, composition, ease of application, adherence to tissue, immunogenicity and cost. These agents permit rapid hemostasis, better visualization of the surgical area, shorter operative times, decreased requirement for transfusions, decreased wound healing time and overall improvement in patient recovery time.^[4]

Types

Systemic

There are several classes of antihemorrhagic drugs used in medicine. These include antifibrinolytics, blood coagulation factors, fibrinogen, and vitamin K.^[5]

Local

Topical hemostatic agents have been gaining popularity for use in emergency bleeding control, especially in military medicine. They are available in two forms—as a granular powder poured on wounds, or embedded in a dressing.^[6]

Organic

Microfibrillar collagen

Microfibrillar collagen hemostat (MCH) is a topical agent composed of resorbable microfibrillar collagen. It attracts platelets and allows for the formation of a blood clot when it comes into contact with blood. Unlike the hemostatic clamp, no mechanical action is involved. The surgeon presses the MCH against a bleeding site, and the collagen attracts and helps with the clotting process to eventually stop bleeding.^[7]

The practical application for MCH is different from that of the hemostatic clamp.^[8]

Chitosan

Chitosan hemostats are topical agents composed of chitosan and its salts. Chitosan bonds with platelets and red blood cells to form a gel-like clot which seals a bleeding vessel. Unlike other hemostat technologies its action does not require the normal hemostatic pathway and therefore continues to function even when anticoagulants like heparin are present.^[9]

Chitosan is used in some emergency hemostats which are designed to stop traumatic life-threatening bleeding. Their use is well established in many military and trauma units.^[10]

Inorganic

Kaolin and zeolite activate the coagulation cascade, and have been used as the active component of hemostatic dressings (for example, in QuikClot).^[11]

Styptics

Styptic pencil

Alum block and razor

Styptics cause hemostasis by contracting blood vessels.

A common delivery system for this is a styptic or hemostatic pencil (not to be confused with a caustic pencil). This is a short stick of medication. Anhydrous aluminium sulfate is the main ingredient and acts as a vasoconstrictor in order to disable blood flow. The stick is applied directly to the bleeding site. The high ionic strength promotes flocculation of the blood, and the astringent chemical causes local vasoconstriction. Before safety razors were invented, it was a standard part of a shaving kit and was used to seal shaving cuts.^[12] Some people continue to use styptic pencils for minor skin wounds from safety or electric razors.^[12]

Styptic powder is used in the veterinary trade to stop bleeding from nails that are clipped too closely. This powder is generally used on animals, such as birds, cats, dogs, and rabbits, whose vein is found in the center of the nail.^[13]

References

^ "antihemorrhagic" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ "hemostat" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ "astringent" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Vyas, Krishna S; Saha, Sibu P (22 October 2013). "Comparison of hemostatic agents used in vascular surgery". Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 13 (12): 1663–1672. doi:10.1517/14712598.2013.848193. PMC 4390172. PMID 24144261.
^ Pharmacology ReCap 2.0 for Bachelor of Dentistry Students. Quick Review of Pharmacology.
^ "When to use hemostatic agents in EMS". EMS1. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
^ Sundaram, Chandru P.; Keenan, Alison C. (2010-01-01). "Evolution of hemostatic agents in surgical practice". Indian Journal of Urology : IJU : Journal of the Urological Society of India. 26 (3): 374–378. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.70574. ISSN 0970-1591. PMC 2978438. PMID 21116358.
^ Dong, Shaosheng (Nov 6, 2014), Film forming personal care compositions and methods, retrieved 2016-03-14
^ Millner, Russell; Lockhart, Alan S; Marr, Rebecca (2010-10-01). "Chitosan arrests bleeding in major hepatic injuries with clotting dysfunction: an in vivo experimental study in a model of hepatic injury in the presence of moderate systemic heparinisation". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. 92 (7): 559–561. doi:10.1308/003588410X12699663903593. ISSN 0035-8843. PMC 3229344. PMID 20522310.
^ "Military Experts Say Newer Hemostatic Dressings Beat Gauze // ACEP". www.acep.org. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
^ "HOW QUIKCLOT® BRAND PRODUCTS WORK TO STOP BLEEDING" (PDF). Z-Medica Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Styptic Pencil what is it, how to use at Executive Shaving". Executive-shaving.co.uk. 2015-08-21. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ "pet first aid". www.vet.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-14.

External links

UpToDate Contents

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1. 手術室で使用される局所止血剤および組織接着剤の概要 overview of topical hemostatic agents and tissues adhesives used in the operating room
2. 婦人科外科手術における出血のマネージメント management of hemorrhage in gynecologic surgery
3. 肝疾患患者における止血異常 hemostatic abnormalities in patients with liver disease
4. Management of stress ulcers
5. 経膣メッシュ曝露と骨盤手術後の疼痛のマネージメント management of transvaginal mesh exposure and pain following pelvic surgery

English Journal

Alginate Dressing Application in Hemostasis After Using Seldinger Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter in Tumor Patients.

Yang Q1, Lei S2.
Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus.2015 Dec;31(4):434-8. doi: 10.1007/s12288-014-0490-1. Epub 2014 Dec 28.
The aim of this study is to observe hemostatic effects of alginate dressing after using seldinger PICC catheter in tumor patients. Sixty tumor patients with PICC receiving chemotherapy were divided into the test group (30 cases) and the control group (30 cases) randomly. The test group was treated w
PMID 26306067

The efficient hemostatic effect of Antarctic krill chitosan is related to its hydration property.

Wu S1, Huang Z2, Yue J1, Liu D3, Wang T2, Ezanno P2, Ruan C1, Zhao X4, Lu WW5, Pan H1.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2015 Nov 5;132:295-303. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.030. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
Antarctic krill chitosan (A-Chitosan) was first evaluated in its hemostatic effect in this study. The prepared A-Chitosan powder showed low level of crystallinity and significantly high water binding capacity as 1293% (w/w). By mice tail amputation model and blood coagulation timing experiment, it i
PMID 26256352

Increased Levels of Metalloproteinase 10 and Hemostatic Markers in Patients With Noncomplicated Primary Varicose Veins.

Dzieciuchowicz L1, Espinosa G2, Páramo JA3.
Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.Clin Appl Thromb Hemost.2015 Oct;21(7):684-7. doi: 10.1177/1076029613517167. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
The purpose of the study was to analyze a systemic activation of hemostasis and concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10) in patients with primary varicose veins (PVVs). A study group consisted of 41 patients with noncomplicated PVVs. A control group consisted of 30 age- and sex-matched
PMID 24413984

Japanese Journal

骨盤骨折を伴う重症多発外傷におけるダメージコントロールとしてのTAEの有用性について-凝固線溶系、可溶性E-selectinを用いた評価-

須賀弘泰,中川隆雄,佐藤孝幸 [他],出口善純,堀江良彰,磯谷栄二
東京女子医科大学雑誌 85(E1), E1-E5, 2015-03-31
近年vasculer IVR(interventional radiology)は元来の診断的意味から治療的意味合いを強く持つようになった.特に腹部実質臓器損傷、骨盤骨折などの循環動態に影響の大きい臓器損傷に対しTAE(Transcatheter Arterial Embolization)は比較的低侵襲に的確に病巣の描出、止血処置が可能となった.なかでも骨盤骨折を伴った多発外傷の場合、後腹膜血腫 …
NAID 110009888972

血小板に魅せられて

岡野こずえ
山口医学 64(1), 5-9, 2015-02-01
… These play an important role in body's hemostatic mechanism. …
NAID 120005601210

腹腔鏡下卵巣嚢腫切除術中に希釈アドレナリン局所注入後, 心室性頻拍を発症した1症例

梅木英紀,遅野井彩,伏木淳,岡本千明,津堅美貴子,染川可明
日本農村医学会雑誌 63(5), 758-763, 2015
　症例は32歳。卵巣皮様嚢腫と診断され, セボフルランを用いて全麻下に腹腔鏡下嚢腫切除を施行した。アドレナリン局所注入直後に血圧が急上昇し, 心室性頻拍を呈した。手術を中断してキシロカインを静注したところ, 血圧は正常化し洞調律に回復した。手術は予定通り終了し, 術後経過も順調であった。　一般に腹腔鏡手術時には出血軽減のためバゾプレシンが使用されることが多い。心停止などの有害事象報告もあるが, 保 …
NAID 130005063340

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リンク元	「止血剤」「haemostat」「止血性」「止血薬」「haemostatic」
拡張検索	「hemostatic drug」「hemostatic agent」「hemostatic disorder」「hemostatic method using heater probe coagulation」
関連記事	「hemostat」

「止血剤」

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英: hemostatic drug、hemostatic、hemostat、haemostat
関: 止血性、止血薬

商品

「haemostat」

　　[★]

止血剤

関: hemostat、hemostatic、hemostatic drug、hemostatics

「止血性」

　　[★]

英: hemostatic、haemostatic
関: 止血剤、止血薬

「止血薬」

　　[★]

英: hemostatic, hemostatics
関: 止血剤

「haemostatic」

　　[★]

止血性の

関: hemostatic

「hemostatic drug」

　　[★]

止血薬、止血剤

関: haemostat、hemostat、hemostatic、hemostatic agent、hemostatics

「hemostatic agent」

　　[★]

止血薬

関: hemostat、hemostatic、hemostatic drug、hemostatics

「hemostatic disorder」

　　[★]

止血障害

関: vascular hemostatic disorder

「hemostatic method using heater probe coagulation」

　　[★] ヒータープローブ止血法

「hemostat」

　　[★]

止血薬、止血剤

関: haemostat、hemostatic、hemostatic agent、hemostatic drug、hemostatics

[1] "antihemorrhagic" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[2] "hemostat" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[3] "astringent" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[4] Vyas, Krishna S; Saha, Sibu P (22 October 2013). "Comparison of hemostatic agents used in vascular surgery". Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 13 (12): 1663–1672. doi:10.1517/14712598.2013.848193. PMC 4390172. PMID 24144261.

[5] Pharmacology ReCap 2.0 for Bachelor of Dentistry Students. Quick Review of Pharmacology.

[6] "When to use hemostatic agents in EMS". EMS1. Retrieved 2016-03-14.

[7] Sundaram, Chandru P.; Keenan, Alison C. (2010-01-01). "Evolution of hemostatic agents in surgical practice". Indian Journal of Urology : IJU : Journal of the Urological Society of India. 26 (3): 374–378. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.70574. ISSN 0970-1591. PMC 2978438. PMID 21116358.

[8] Dong, Shaosheng (Nov 6, 2014), Film forming personal care compositions and methods, retrieved 2016-03-14

[9] Millner, Russell; Lockhart, Alan S; Marr, Rebecca (2010-10-01). "Chitosan arrests bleeding in major hepatic injuries with clotting dysfunction: an in vivo experimental study in a model of hepatic injury in the presence of moderate systemic heparinisation". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. 92 (7): 559–561. doi:10.1308/003588410X12699663903593. ISSN 0035-8843. PMC 3229344. PMID 20522310.

[10] "Military Experts Say Newer Hemostatic Dressings Beat Gauze // ACEP". www.acep.org. Retrieved 2016-03-14.

[11] "HOW QUIKCLOT® BRAND PRODUCTS WORK TO STOP BLEEDING" (PDF). Z-Medica Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2014.

[ref1-12] "Styptic Pencil what is it, how to use at Executive Shaving". Executive-shaving.co.uk. 2015-08-21. Retrieved 2015-10-20.

[13] "pet first aid". www.vet.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-14.

v t e Pharmacology: major drug groups

Gastrointestinal tract/ metabolism (A)	stomach acid Antacids H₂ antagonists Proton pump inhibitors Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals

Blood and blood forming organs (B)	Antithrombotics Antiplatelets Anticoagulants Thrombolytics/fibrinolytics Antihemorrhagics Platelets Coagulants Antifibrinolytics

Cardiovascular system (C)	cardiac therapy/antianginals Cardiac glycosides Antiarrhythmics Cardiac stimulants Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers renin-angiotensin system ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor antagonists Renin inhibitors Antihyperlipidemics Statins Fibrates Bile acid sequestrants

Skin (D)	Emollients Cicatrizants Antipruritics Antipsoriatics Medicated dressings

Genitourinary system (G)	Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones

Endocrine system (H)	Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones Corticosteroids Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids Sex hormones Thyroid hormones/Antithyroid agents

Infections and infestations (J, P, QI)	Antimicrobials: Antibacterials (Antimycobacterials) Antifungals Antivirals Antiparasitics Antiprotozoals Anthelmintics Ectoparasiticides IVIG Vaccines

Malignant disease (L01-L02)	Anticancer agents Antimetabolites Alkylating Spindle poisons Antineoplastic Topoisomerase inhibitors

Immune disease (L03-L04)	Immunomodulators Immunostimulants Immunosuppressants

Muscles, bones, and joints (M)	Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories NSAIDs Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Bisphosphonates

Brain and nervous system (N)	Analgesics Anesthetics General Local Anorectics Anti-ADHD Agents Antiaddictives Anticonvulsants Antidementia Agents Antidepressants Antimigraine Agents Antiparkinson's Agents Antipsychotics Anxiolytics Depressants Entactogens Entheogens Euphoriants Hallucinogens Psychedelics Dissociatives Deliriants Hypnotics/Sedatives Mood Stabilizers Neuroprotectives Nootropics Neurotoxins Orexigenics Serenics Stimulants Wakefulness-Promoting Agents

Respiratory system (R)	Decongestants Bronchodilators Cough medicines H₁ antagonists

Sensory organs (S)	Ophthalmologicals Otologicals

Other ATC (V)	Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressings

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hemostatic