hairy tongue

毛舌

WordNet

1. lick or explore with the tongue
2. any long thin projection that is transient; "tongues of flame licked at the walls"; "rifles exploded quick knives of fire into the dark" (同)knife
3. the flap of material under the laces of a shoe or boot
4. a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity (同)lingua, glossa, clapper
5. a manner of speaking; "he spoke with a thick tongue"; "she has a glib tongue"
6. the tongue of certain animals used as meat
7. articulate by tonguing, as when playing wind instruments
8. filamentous hairlike growth on a plant; "peach fuzz" (同)fuzz, tomentum
9. a filamentous projection or process on an organism
10. any of the cylindrical filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal; "there is a hair in my soup" (同)pilus
11. a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss; "he combed his hair"; "each hair consists of layers of dead keratinized cells"
12. hazardous and frightening; "hairy moments in the mountains"
13. having or covered with hair; "Jacob was a hairy man"; "a hairy caterpillar" (同)haired, hirsute
14. provided with or resembling a tongue; often used in combination; "tongued shoes"; "tongued boards"; "toungued lightning"; "long-tongued"
15. having a manner of speaking as specified; often used in combination; "golden-tongued"; "sharp-tongued"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉『舌』 / 〈C〉〈U〉(食用の牛などの)舌,タン / 〈C〉『言葉』,言語(language) / 〈C〉『言葉遣い』,言い回し / 〈C〉話す能力 / 〈C〉(形・位置・働きが)舌に似たもの / 〈C〉細長い岬 / 〈C〉(靴の)舌革,べろ
2. 〈C〉(人間・動物の1本の)『毛』;(植物・昆虫などの)毛 / 〈U〉《集合的に》『髪の毛』,毛,毛髪;(動物の)体毛 / 《a~》1本の毛ほどの量(距離,程度),ごくわずか
3. 毛深い,毛だらけの・粗い,ざらざらした・《俗》 ぞっとするほど危険な; 困難な，難しい
4. 在米中国人の友愛団体

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/11 15:54:59」(JST)

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Not to be confused with Hairy leukoplakia.

Black hairy tongue
A picture of black hairy tongue.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	gastroenterology
ICD-10	K14.3
ICD-9-CM	529.3
DiseasesDB	31923
eMedicine	derm/639

Black hairy tongue (BHT, also termed lingua villosa nigra) refers to a condition of the tongue where the filiform papillae elongate with black or brown discoloration, giving a black and hairy appearance. The appearance may be alarming, but it is a harmless condition. Predisposing factors include smoking, xerostomia (dry mouth), soft diet, poor oral hygiene and certain medications. Management is by improving oral hygiene, especially scraping or brushing the tongue.

Signs and symptoms

Hairy tongue largely occurs in the central part of the dorsal tongue, just anterior (in front) of the circumvallate papillae, although sometimes the entire dorsal surface may be involved. Discoloration usually accompanies hairy tongue, and may be yellow, brown or black. Apart from the appearance, the condition is typically asymptomatic, but sometimes people may experience a gagging sensation or a bad taste. There may also be associated oral malodor (intra-oral halitosis).

Causes

The cause is uncertain, but it is thought to be caused by accumulation of epithelial squames and proliferation of chromogenic (color producing) micro-organisms. There may be an increase in keratin production or a decrease in normal desquamation (shedding of surface epithelial cells). Many people with BHT are heavy smokers. Other possible associated factors are poor oral hygiene, general debilitation, hyposalivation (decreased salivary flow rate), radiotherapy, overgrowth of fungal or bacterial organisms, and a soft diet. Occasionally, BHT may be caused by the use of antimicrobial medications e.g. tetracyclines, or oxidizing mouthwashes or antacids. A soft diet may be involved as normally food has an abrasive action on the tongue, which keeps the filiform papillae short. Pellagra, a condition caused by a vitamin deficiency, may cause a thick greyish fur to develop on the dorsal tongue, along with other oral signs.

Transient surface discoloration of the tongue and other soft tissues in the mouth can occur in the absence of hairy tongue. Causes include smoking (or betel chewing), some foods and beverages (e.g. coffee, tea or liquorice), and certain medications e.g. chlorhexidine, iron salts, or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually made on the clinical appearance without the need for a tissue biopsy. However, when biopsies have been taken, the histologic appearance is one of marked elongation and hyperparakeratosis of the filiform papillae and numerous bacteria growing on the epithelial surface.

Hairy tongue may be confused with hairy leukoplakia, however the latter usually occurs on the sides of the tongue and is associated with an opportunistic infection with Epstein-Barr virus on a background immunocompromise (almost always human immunodeficiency virus infection but rarely other conditions which suppress the immune system).

Classification

Hairy tongue (lingua villosa) refers to a marked accumulation of keratin on the filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue, giving a hair-like appearance. Black tongue (lengua negra) refers to a black discoloration of the tongue, which may or may not be associated with hairy tongue. However, the elongated papillae of hairy tongue usually develop discoloration due to growth of pigment producing bacteria and staining from food. Hence the term black hairy tongue, although hairy tongue may also be discolored yellow or brown. Transient, surface discoloration that is not associated with hairy tongue can be brushed off. Drug-induced black hairy tongue specifically refers to BHT that develops because of medication.

Treatment

Treatment is by reassurance, as the condition is benign, and then by correction of any predisposing factors. This may be cessation of smoking or cessation/substitution of implicated medications or mouthwashes. Generally direct measures to return the tongue to its normal appearance involve improving oral hygiene, especially scraping or brushing the tongue before sleep. This promotes desquamation of the hyperparakeratotic papillae. Keratolytic agents (chemicals to remove keratin) such as podophyllin are successful, but carry safety concerns. Other reported successful measures include sodium bicarbonate mouthrinses, eating pineapple, sucking on a peach stone and chewing gum.

Prognosis

BHT is a benign condition, but people who are affected may be distressed at the appearance and possible halitosis, and therefore treatment is indicated.

Epidemiology

Hairy tongue occurs in about 0.5% of adults. However, the prevalence is variable depending on the population studied.

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 口腔病変 oral lesions

English Journal

• Black hairy tongue.

• Nisa L, Giger R.SourceDepartment of Otolaryngology, Hopital de Sion, Sion, Switzerland.
• The American journal of medicine.Am J Med.2011 Sep;124(9):816-7.
• PMID 21854889

Japanese Journal

• ムコ多糖症児の身体的な特徴の明確化

• 久保 恭子,田崎 知恵子,及川 裕子
• 母性衛生 49(2), 295-302, 2008-07
• [目的]養育者の視点から,ムコ多糖症児の身体的な特徴を明らかにする。身体的な特徴に関する情報の整理を行うことで,本疾患群の早期発見・診断に資する。[方法]ムコ多糖症児の養育者167名に質問紙調査・面接調査を実施した。[結果]1.養育者の74%は生後2歳までに児の何らかの異常に気がついていた。一方,医療者が2歳までに確定診断を下したのは35%であった。2.養育者が児の異常に気がついた場面は,硬い抱き …
• NAID 110006840384

Related Links

• Black hairy tongue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Black hairy tongue (in Latin, lingua villosa nigra) is the lengthening of papillae which are bumps on the surface of the tongue. Usually the ends of the papillae get rubbed away by food but sometimes they grow much longer than normal, making ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「舌」「毛舌」「黒毛舌」「毛舌症」
関連記事	「tongue」「hairy」

「舌」

　　[★]

英

tongue

関

味覚

舌の神経支配

• N.58

　　　　　　　　　舌体　　　　　　　｜［有郭乳頭］　　舌根
　　　　　　　　　前2/3 　　　　　　｜　▼［分界稜］　後1/3
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　｜　　　▼
感覚神経（特殊）　顔面神経（CN VII）｜　　　　　　　　舌咽神経（CN IX ）、最後方は迷走神経(CN X)
感覚神経（一般）　三叉神経（CN V  ）｜　　　　　　　　舌咽神経（CN IX ）、最後方は迷走神経(CN X)
運動神経　　　　　舌下神経（CN XII）｜　　　　　　　　舌下神経（CN XII）
発生学的起源　　　第一鰓弓　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第二・三・鰓弓＋四鰓弓の一部

機能

• 味覚
• 咀嚼

臨床関連

BAT. 279 IMD.74

• 舌の異常

• 巨大舌 large tongue
• 地図状舌 geographic tongue
• 毛舌 hairy tongue
• 溝状舌 fissured tongue
• smooth tongue atrophic glossitis
• candidiasis
• hairy leukoplakia
• varicose vein　→　臨床的意義はない
• aphthous uncer canker sore
• mucous patch of synphilis
• leukoplakia
• Tori mandibulares
• carcinoma, floor of the mouth
• 乾燥　→　脱水

参考

• 1.

http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~entkasai/zetu-1.html

「毛舌」

　　[★]

英

hairy tongue

関

黒毛舌

• 抗生物質やステロイド剤の長期使用による口腔内菌の交代現象で舌の糸状乳頭が増えた状態

「黒毛舌」

　　[★]

英

hairy tongue

関

毛舌症

-毛舌

「毛舌症」

　　[★]

英

hairy tongue

関

黒毛舌

「tongue」

　　[★]

• n.

• 舌

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「hairy」

　　[★]

• 毛髪状の、毛様