WordNet

a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure (同)hiatus
marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude (同)foraminifer

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(骨・植物などの)孔(こう),開口

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/28 10:53:19」(JST)

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The obturator foramen (Latin foramen obturatum) is the large opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis through which nerves and blood vessels pass.

Structure

It is bounded by a thin, uneven margin, to which a strong membrane is attached, and presents, superiorly, a deep groove, the obturator groove, which runs from the pelvis obliquely medialward and downward.

This groove is converted into the obturator canal by a ligamentous band, a specialized part of the obturator membrane, attached to two tubercles:

one, the posterior obturator tubercle, on the medial border of the ischium, just in front of the acetabular notch
the other, the anterior obturator tubercle, on the obturator crest of the superior ramus of the pubis

Variation

Reflecting the overall sex differences between male and female pelvises, the obturator foramina are oval in the male and wider and more triangular in the female.

Additionally, unilateral pelvis hypoplasia can cause differences in size between the obturator foramina, and there are even rare reports of individual pelvises featuring a double obturator foramen in one of the hip bones.^[1]

Function

Through the canal the obturator artery, obturator vein and obturator nerve pass out of the pelvis.

Additional images

The two circles at the bottom are the obturator foramina.
Variations in origin and course of obturator artery.
The relations of the femoral and abdominal inguinal rings, seen from within the abdomen. Right side.
Anterior view of the body pelvis

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Apostolos Karantanas; Konstantina Velesiotou & Evagelos Sakellariou (2002). "Double Obturator Foramen". Larissa General Hospital, Greece.

External links

Anatomy photo:17:st-0205 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Major Joints of the Lower Extremity: hip and sacrum (anterior view)"
Atlas image: male_urethrogram at the University of Michigan Health System - "Pelvis & Perineum: Male Urethrogram"
Photo at vc.cc.tx.us

UpToDate Contents

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1. 卵円孔開存 patent foramen ovale
2. 小児における、心房中隔欠損（ASD）の分類および孤立性ASDの臨床的特徴および診断 classification of atrial septal defects asds and clinical features and diagnosis of isolated asds in children
3. 成人における心房中隔異常（PFO、ASD、およびASA）および脳塞栓症のリスク atrial septal abnormalities pfo asd and asa and risk of cerebral emboli in adults
4. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of atrial septal defects in adults
5. 成人における脳卒中予防のための心房中隔異常（PFO、ASDおよびASA）の治療 treatment of atrial septal abnormalities pfo asd and asa for prevention of stroke in adults

English Journal

TVT ABBREVO: cadaveric study of tape position in foramen obturatum and adductor region.

Hubka P1, Nanka O2, Masata J1, Martan A1, Svabik K3.
International urogynecology journal.Int Urogynecol J.2016 Jul;27(7):1047-50. doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2922-3. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the study was to describe fixation of the TVT ABBREVO and establish whether the tape penetrates through obturator muscles and membrane (obturator complex) into the adductor region and, if so, how far it penetrates.METHODS: Eight formalin-embalmed female cadave
PMID 26755054

Retrograde lag screw placement in anterior acetabular column with regard to the anterior pelvic plane and midsagittal plane -- virtual mapping of 260 three-dimensional hemipelvises for quantitative anatomic analysis.

Ochs BG1, Stuby FM1, Ateschrang A1, Stoeckle U1, Gonser CE2.
Injury.Injury.2014 Oct;45(10):1590-8. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.06.026. Epub 2014 Jul 7.
Percutaneous screw placement can be used for minimally invasive treatment of none or minimally displaced fractures of the anterior column. The complex pelvic geometry can pose a major challenge even for experienced surgeons. The present study examined the preformed bone stock of the anterior column
PMID 25062600

[A case of obturator hernia with overlooked Howship-Romberg sign and treated as sciatica].

Katoh T1, Kawamoto R, Kusunoki T.
Nihon Ronen Igakkai zasshi. Japanese journal of geriatrics.Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi.2011;48(2):176-9.
We report a case of a patient with incarcerated obturator hernia who presented with right thigh pain. An 88-year-old woman who had experienced right thigh pain for the previous 3 years was given a diagnosis of sciatica at the orthopedic department. In July 2009, she was hospitalized with the chief c
PMID 21778635

Japanese Journal

単純X線正面像における骨盤回旋の定量化

新井貴之,中島康晴,山本卓明,本村悟朗,大石正信,濱井敏,岩本幸英
整形外科と災害外科 62(3), 584-588, 2013-09-25
NAID 10031200287

単純X線正面像における骨盤回旋の定量化

新井貴之,中島康晴,山本卓明,本村悟朗,大石正信,濱井敏,岩本幸英
整形外科と災害外科 62(3), 584-588, 2013
〔目的〕横断面における骨盤回旋は左右の閉鎖孔の形態の変化によって評価されることが多い．今回，骨盤標本を用いて回旋角度と閉鎖孔の形態変化を定量化したので報告する．〔方法〕男女の骨盤標本を用い，両上前腸骨棘と恥骨結合を結ぶ面（APP）を基準とした．骨盤前傾10度，前後傾0度，後傾10度および20度の条件下で，APPを5度ずつ回旋させて正面像を撮影し，左右の閉鎖孔の横径比を算出した．測定は3回繰り返し， …
NAID 130004461425

Howship-Romberg 徴候を坐骨神経痛として見過されていた閉鎖孔ヘルニアの1例

加藤丈陽,川本龍一,楠木智
日本老年医学会雑誌 48(2), 176-179, 2011-03-25
Howship-Romberg徴候を坐骨神経痛として見過され，イレウスを発症し診断された右閉鎖孔ヘルニアの一例を報告する．症例は88歳女性で3年前より右大腿部痛があり，整形外科にて坐骨神経痛と診断されていた．2009年7月食欲不振を主訴に入院．翌日右大腿部痛の増強及び下腹部痛が出現したため腹部超音波検査を行ったところkey board signを認めた．イレウスと診断，イレウス管を挿入し減圧をした …
NAID 10030469482

「閉鎖孔」

Obturator foramen
	Pelvis. Obturator foramen is 7.
	Symphysis pubis exposed by a coronal section. Obturator canal labelled at center.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	foramen obturatum
TA	A02.5.01.008
FMA	16999
	Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]