flow rate

WordNet

1. be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly"
2. amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5" (同)charge per unit
3. a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected"
4. a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate"
5. assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide" (同)rank, range, order, grade, place
6. estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans" (同)value
7. cause to flow; "The artist flowed the washes on the paper"
8. the amount of fluid that flows in a given time (同)flow_rate, rate of flow
9. any uninterrupted stream or discharge
10. cover or swamp with water
11. the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression (同)stream
12. the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases) (同)flowing
13. move or progress freely as if in a stream; "The crowd flowed out of the stadium" (同)flux
14. be abundantly present; "The champagne flowed at the wedding"
15. give (hair) the appearance of being fuller by using a rat
16. a pad (usually made of hair) worn as part of a womans coiffure
17. any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
18. catch rats, especially with dogs
19. desert ones party or group of friends, for example, for ones personal advantage
20. employ scabs or strike breakers in
21. standing or position on a scale

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉『割合』,『率』 / 〈C〉《the~,a~》『速度』(speed),進度 / 〈C〉『値段』,『相場』;料金 / 〈U〉等級(class),(…)等 / 《複数形ぃ》《英》地方税 / (…の金額に)…‘の'『値段を決める』,見積もる《+『名』+『at』+『名』》 / …‘を'『評価する』,みなす / 《米話》…‘に'値する,‘の'価値がある / 『評価される』;みなされる
2. …‘を'どなりつける
3. 《副詞巳句始を伴って》〈気体・液体・電気などが〉『流れる』 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈言葉・人々などず〉流れるように続く / 〈心・場所などが〉(…で)いっぱいになる,満ちあふれる《+『with』+『名』》 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈髪・服などが〉長く垂れる;風になびく / 〈潮が〉満ちる / (…から)生じる,発生する《+『from』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(気体・液体・電気などの)『流れ』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(言葉・人などの)絶え間のない(よどみのない)流れ《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(…の)洪水,はんらん《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《the flow》満ち潮,上げ潮
4. 『ネズミ』 / ひきょう者,裏切り者 / ネズミをつかまえる / 《話》(人を)裏切る,密告する《+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
5. 〈C〉〈U〉（品質・技量などによる）格づけ,評価 / 〈C〉（個人・会社の経済的な）信用度 / 〈C〉(トン・馬力による)(船舶・車)の等級 / 〈C〉(テレビ・ラジオの)視聴率
6. 流れる / 流ちょうな / ゆるやにかに垂れた

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/01 11:01:54」(JST)

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Not to be confused with Mass flow rate.

Volume flow rate
Common symbols	,
SI unit	m3/s

Thermodynamics
The classical Carnot heat engine
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Laws Zeroth First Second Third
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System properties Note: Conjugate variables in italics Property diagrams Intensive and extensive properties Functions of state Temperature / Entropy (introduction) Pressure / Volume Chemical potential / Particle number Vapor quality Reduced properties Process functions Work Heat
Material properties Property databases Specific heat capacity  Compressibility  Thermal expansion
Equations Carnot's theorem Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Potentials Free energy Free entropy Internal energy Enthalpy Helmholtz free energy Gibbs free energy
History Culture History General Heat Entropy Gas laws "Perpetual motion" machines Philosophy Entropy and time Entropy and life Brownian ratchet Maxwell's demon Heat death paradox Loschmidt's paradox Synergetics Theories Caloric theory Theory of heat Vis viva ("living force") Mechanical equivalent of heat Motive power Key publications "An Experimental Enquiry Concerning ... Heat" "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances" "Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire" Timelines Thermodynamics Heat engines Art Education Maxwell's thermodynamic surface Entropy as energy dispersal
Scientists Bernoulli Carnot Clapeyron Clausius Carathéodory Duhem Gibbs von Helmholtz Joule Maxwell von Mayer Onsager Rankine Smeaton Stahl Thompson Thomson Waterston
Book:Thermodynamics

In physics and engineering, in particular fluid dynamics and hydrometry, the volumetric flow rate, (also known as volume flow rate, rate of fluid flow or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time. The SI unit is m³/s (cubic metres per second). In US Customary Units and British Imperial Units, volumetric flow rate is often expressed as ft³/s (cubic feet per second) or gallons per minute (either U.S. or imperial definitions). It is usually represented by the symbol Q.

Volumetric flow rate should not be confused with volumetric flux, as defined by Darcy's law and represented by the symbol q, with units of m³/(m²·s), that is, m·s⁻¹. The integration of a flux over an area gives the volumetric flow rate.

Fundamental definition

Volume flow rate is defined by the limit:

I.e., the flow of volume of fluid V through a surface per unit time t.

Since this is only the time derivative of volume, a scalar quantity, the volumetric flow rate is also a scalar quantity. The change in volume is the amount that flows after crossing the boundary for some time duration, not simply the initial amount of volume at the boundary minus the final amount at the boundary, since the change in volume flowing through the area would be zero for steady flow.

Useful definition

Volumetric flow rate can also be defined by:

where:

• = flow velocity of the substance elements
• = cross-sectional vector area/surface

The above equation is only true for flat, plane cross-sections. In general, including curved surfaces, the equation becomes a surface integral:

This is the definition used in practice. The area required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The vector area is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through, A, and a unit vector normal to the area, . The relation is .

The reason for the dot product is as follows. The only volume flowing through the cross-section is the amount normal to the area; i.e., parallel to the unit normal. This amount is:

where θ is the angle between the unit normal and the velocity vector v of the substance elements. The amount passing through the cross-section is reduced by the factor . As θ increases less volume passes through. Substance which passes tangential to the area, that is perpendicular to the unit normal, does not pass through the area. This occurs when θ = ^π⁄₂ and so this amount of the volumetric flow rate is zero:

These results are equivalent to the dot product between velocity and the normal direction to the area.

When the mass flow rate is known, this is an easy way to get .

$\dot{V} = \frac{\dot{m}}{\rho}$

Where:

• = mass flow rate (kg/s).
• = density (kg/m³).

Related quantities

Volumetric flow rate is really just part of mass flow rate, since mass relates to volume via density.

In internal combustion engines, the time.area integral is considered over the range of valve opening. The time.lift integral is given by:

where is time per revolution, is distance from camshaft centreline to cam tip, is radius of camshaft (that is, is the maximum lift), is the angle where opening begins, and is where valve closes (secs, mm, radians). This has to be factored by the width (circumference) of the valve throat. The answer is usually related to the cylinder swept volume.

See also

• Air to cloth ratio
• Discharge (hydrology)
• Flow measurement
• Flowmeter
• Orifice plate
• Poiseuille's law
• Stokes flow
• Units of flow

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 2. 小児における肺機能検査の概要 overview of pulmonary function testing in children
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English Journal

• In house validation from direct determination of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) in Brazilian corn and cane syrups samples by HPLC-UV.

• de Andrade JK1, Komatsu E2, Perreault H2, Torres YR3, da Rosa MR3, Felsner ML3.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:481-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.131. Epub 2015 Jun 1.
• In this work the development and in house validation of the HMF direct determination in corn and cane syrups by HPLC-UV was carried out for the first time. The separation was done with isocratic elution of a mobile phase comprising water (with 0.5% formic acid) and acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) on Pheno
• PMID 26213000

• Oral Levosimendan Increases Cerebral Blood Flow Velocities in Patients with a History of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Pilot Safety Study.

• Kivikko M1, Kuoppamäki M2, Soinne L3, Sundberg S4, Pohjanjousi P2, Ellmen J2, Roine RO5.
• Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental.Curr Ther Res Clin Exp.2015 Jan 29;77:46-51. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2015.01.001. eCollection 2015.
• BACKGROUND: Intravenous levosimendan is indicated for acute heart failure. The compound has shown promising beneficial effects in ischemic stroke models.OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral levosimendan in patients with a history of cerebral ischemia.METHODS: In a randomized, doub
• PMID 26082815

Japanese Journal

• Selective growth of vertical silicon nanowire array guided by anodic aluminum oxide template

• Nguyen Van,Hoshi Yusuke,Usami Noritaka,Konagai Makoto
• Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(9), 095003, 2015-08-12
• … The growth conditions such as flow rate and growth temperature were changed to optimize the Si nanowire growth. … It was found that the selective growth was promoted at a flow rate of 0.5 sccm, whereas the selective growth was poor at high flow rates of 1 and 2 sccm. …
• NAID 150000111295

• 皮下微小還流のための使い捨て化を目指した低流量電気分解ポンプの開発

• 鶴岡 典子,松永 忠雄,永富 良一 [他]
• 電気学会論文誌. E, センサ・マイクロマシン部門誌 = IEEJ transactions on sensors and micromachines 135(8), 330-337, 2015-08
• NAID 40020559291

Related Links

• flow rateの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

flow rate 流動率[速度]、流量、流速、流率 【略】FR - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。

• FLOW RATE CALCULATOR - Calculator City: A Web ...

I N S T R U C T I O N S This ultra calculator is special by allowing you to choose among a great variety of units (6 for diameter and 24 each for velocity and flow rate). Unlike other calculators, you are NOT confined to inputting ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「流速」「flow velocity」
拡張検索	「forced expiratory flow rate」「maximal expiratory flow rate」「peak expiratory flow rate」「blood flow rate」
関連記事	「rate」「flow」「rat」

「流速」

　　[★]

英

flow rate、flow velocity、flow

関

流れ、流動、流量、流れる

「flow velocity」

　　[★]

• 流速

関

flow、flow rate

「forced expiratory flow rate」

　　[★]

• 最大呼気速度

関

maximal expiratory flow、maximal expiratory flow rate

「maximal expiratory flow rate」

　　[★] 最大呼気速度

関

forced expiratory flow rate、maximal expiratory flow

「peak expiratory flow rate」

　　[★]

• 最大呼気流量、最大呼息流量率、ピークフロー

関

PEF

「blood flow rate」

　　[★]

• 血流量、血流速度

関

blood flow、blood flow velocity

「rate」

　　[★]

• n.

• (全体に対する部分などの割合を示す)率　　　⇔　(率を率で除すような比 ratioとは区別するでしょう)

• vi.

• 格付けされる、等級に分けられる
• 影響力がある、重要な地位にある

• vt.

• ～を値踏みする、～の価格を査定する
• (～の重要性や価値を)評価する
• (性能などによって)～を格付けする(等級に分ける)
• (金融)(不動産の)課税額を決める
• ～に値する、～の価値がある

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「flow」

　　[★]

• n.

• 流れ、流動、流速、流量

• v.

• 流動する、流れる

関

current、flow rate、flow velocity、flux、mobilization、run、stream、streaming

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「rat」

　　[★]

• n.

• (げっ歯類)ラット、(マウスも含めての総称)ネズミ、ラットの

関

laboratory rat、mouse、Norway rat、Rattus、Rattus norvegicus