屈曲反射。屈筋反射
WordNet
- exhibit the strength of; "The victorious army flexes its invincibility"
- the act of flexing; "he gave his biceps a flex to impress the ladies"
- bend a joint; "flex your wrists"; "bend your knees" (同)bend
- cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form; "bend the rod"; "twist the dough into a braid"; "the strong man could turn an iron bar" (同)bend, deform, twist, turn
- contract; "flex a muscle"
- an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
- (of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (仕事などを始める準備運動として)〈手足など〉‘を'曲げる,〈筋肉〉‘を'縮める
- 電線,電気のコード
- 反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/05/04 14:43:42」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The withdrawal reflex (nociceptive or flexor withdrawal reflex) is a spinal reflex intended to protect the body from damaging stimuli.[1] It is polysynaptic, causing stimulation of sensory, association, and motor neurons.[1]
Contents
- 1 Example
- 2 Crossed extension reflex following withdrawal reflex
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Example
When a person touches a hot object and withdraws their hand from it without thinking about it, the heat stimulates temperature and danger receptors in the skin, triggering a sensory impulse that travels to the central nervous system. The sensory neuron then synapses with interneurons that connect to motor neurons.[2] Some of these send motor impulses to the flexors to allow withdrawal; some motor neurons send inhibitory impulses to the extensors so flexion is not inhibited - this is referred to as reciprocal innervation.[3]
Crossed extension reflex following withdrawal reflex
Main article: Crossed extensor reflex
Once a danger receptor (called 'nociceptor') has been stimulated, the signal travels via the sensory nerve to the dorsal (posterior) horn of the spinal cord. The nerve synapses with ipsilateral motor neurons that exit the ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord and work to pull the injured body part away from danger within 0.5 seconds.[1] At the same time the sensory neuron synapses with the ipsilateral motor neuron, it also synapses with the motor neuron in the contralateral anterior horn.[3] This motor neuron stabilizes the uninjured side of the body (for instance, preparing the opposite leg to support the entire body weight when the other foot has stepped on a tack). At the same time as these two synapses, the sensory neuron also sends signals up the spinal cord to get motor neurons to contract muscles that shift the center of gravity of the body to maintain balance. This contralateral stimulation of motor neurons to stabilize the body is called the crossed extension reflex, and is a result of the withdrawal reflex (usually in the lower extremities).[4]
See also
- Interneuron
- Nociceptor
- Reflex
References
- ^ a b c Solomon; Schmidt; Adragna (1990). "13". In Carol, Field. Human Anatomy & physiology (2 ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 470. ISBN 0-03-011914-6.
- ^ Thibodeau, Gary; Patton, Kevin (2000). "7". In Schrefer, Sally. Structure & Function of the Body (11 ed.). Mosby, Inc. p. 170. ISBN 0-323-01082-2.
- ^ a b Seeley, Rod; Stephens, Trent; Philip Tate (1992). Allen, Deborah, ed. Anatomy and physiology (2 ed.). Mosby-Year Book, Inc.
- ^ Anatomy and Physiology, The Unity of Form and Function by Ken Saladin. Pg 505-506.
External links
- Ole K. Andersen, SMI, Aalborg University - Physiological and Pharmacological modulation of the human nociceptive withdrawal reflex
Nervous system physiology: neurophysiology - reflex
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Cranial nerve |
- midbrain: Pupillary light reflex
- Accommodation reflex
pons/medulla: Jaw jerk reflex
- Corneal reflex
- Caloric reflex test/Vestibulo-ocular reflex/Oculocephalic reflex
- Pharyngeal (gag) reflex
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Stretch reflexes |
- upper limb: Biceps reflex C5/C6
- Brachioradialis reflex C6
- Triceps reflex C7/C8
lower limb: Patellar reflex L2-L4
- Ankle jerk reflex S1/S2
- Plantar reflex L5-S2
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Primitive reflexes |
- Galant
- Gastrocolic
- Grasp
- Moro
- Rooting
- Stepping
- Sucking
- Tonic neck
- Parachute
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Superficial reflexes |
- Abdominal reflex
- Cremasteric reflex
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Lists |
- general
- alphabetical
- by organ
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Cardiovascular |
- Bainbridge reflex
- Bezold-Jarisch reflex
- Coronary reflex
- Mammalian diving reflex
- Oculocardiac reflex
Baroreflex
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- Reflex bradycardia
- Reflex tachycardia
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Respiratory
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Other |
- Acoustic reflex
- H-reflex
- Golgi tendon reflex
- Optokinetic
- Startle reaction
- Withdrawal reflex (Crossed extensor reflex)
- Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Cardiovascular responses to arm static exercise in men with thoracic spinal cord lesions.
- Sakamoto K, Nakamura T, Umemoto Y, Koike Y, Sasaki Y, Tajima F.SourceDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
- European journal of applied physiology.Eur J Appl Physiol.2012 Feb;112(2):661-6. Epub 2011 Jun 9.
- Isometric muscle contraction (static exercise) induces circulatory response. Static exercise in individuals with thoracic spinal cord injury (TSCI) induces cardiovascular response and blood redistribution to the non-exercising muscles. The aim of our study was to determine the circulatory response d
- PMID 21656231
Japanese Journal
- FLEXOR ACTIVITY BY INTRAMEDULLARY PRESSURE IN RABBIT FEMORAL BONE: An experimental study on thigh pain after total hip arthroplasty
- 中村 聡喜,Ito Hiroshi,Atsuta Yuji,Tanino Hiromasa,Nishimura Ikuya,Matsuno Takeo
- 旭川医科大学研究フォーラム 13(1), 32-37, 2013-02-00
- … The purpose of this study was to investigate, in a rabbit model, whether the pressure on the femoral bone applied from inside the medullary cavity of the femoral bone causes flexion withdrawal reflex. … The pain resulting from pressure was evaluated by hind limb flexor activity produced by the flexor reflex. … In the rabbits with slight reaming, the flexor reflex appeared in low pressure. …
- NAID 120005229819
- Identification of Static and Dynamic Properties Induced by Hip Changes to Flexion Withdrawal Reflex in Chronic Human Spinal Cord Injury
- KIM Yongchul
- Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 5(2), 142-153, 2010
- … The aim of this study was to investigate the static and dynamic properties of the flexion withdrawal reflex modulated by hip changes in human spinal cord injury. … From results of the regression analysis, activation of flexor muscles (tibialis anterior and illiopsoas) during static hip angle changes has a linear relationship with respect to hip angle (P<0.05). …
- NAID 130000252212
- The Polysynaptic Pathways from the Low Threshold Cutaneous Afferents of the Trunk to Motoneurons Innervating Hindlimb Muscles in the Spinal Cat
- Wada Yasuhiro,Goto Megumi,Sano Yukari [他],HOSOIDO Taisei,WADA Naomi
- 日本獣醫學会会誌 72(1), 73-76, 2010
- … We studied the reflex actions of the cutaneous afferents innervating the trunk to hindlimb motoneurons in the spinal cat using an intracellular recording technique. … The trunk cutaneous afferents predominantly caused excitatory PSPs in the flexor motoneurons and inhibitory PSPs in the extensor motoneurons. …
- NAID 130000134493
Related Links
- flexor any muscle that flexes a joint. See Table 13. flexor reflex a spinal reflex in which a painful (pressure) stimulus applied to a toe, coronary band or heel bulb, results in a flexion, or withdrawal, of the leg. A test of the integrity of the ...
- flex·or (flĕk′sər) n. A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body. [New Latin, from Latin flexus, past participle of flectere, to bend.] flexor (ˈflɛksə) n 1. (Anatomy) any muscle whose contraction serves to bend ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- flexion reflex
- 同
- 屈筋反射 flexor reflex、逃避反射 withdrawal reflex flight reflex
- 関
- 表在反射、皮膚反射、回避反射、avoidance reflex
[★]
- 英
- flexor reflex
- 関
- 屈曲反射
[★]
- 関
- bend、bending、curvature、curve、flexion、inflection
[★]
- 関
- reflect、reflection、reflective
[★]
- 関
- flexor muscle