屈曲反射
WordNet
- an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
- act of bending a joint; especially a joint between the bones of a limb so that the angle between them is decreased (同)flexure
- (of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/07/12 23:26:26」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The withdrawal reflex (nociceptive or flexor withdrawal reflex) is a spinal reflex intended to protect the body from damaging stimuli.[1] It is polysynaptic, causing stimulation of sensory, association, and motor neurons.[1]
Contents
- 1 Example
- 2 Crossed extension reflex following withdrawal reflex
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Example
When a person touches a hot object and withdraws their hand from it without thinking about it, the heat stimulates temperature and danger receptors in the skin, triggering a sensory impulse that travels to the central nervous system. The sensory neuron then synapses with interneurons that connect to motor neurons.[2] Some of these send motor impulses to the flexors to allow withdrawal; some motor neurons send inhibitory impulses to the extensors so flexion is not inhibited - this is referred to as reciprocal innervation.[3]
Crossed extension reflex following withdrawal reflex
Main article: Crossed extensor reflex
Once a danger receptor (called 'nociceptor') has been stimulated, the signal travels via the sensory nerve to the posterior horn of the spinal cord. The nerve synapses with ipsilateral motor neurons that exit the anterior horn of the spinal cord and work to pull the injured body part away from danger within 0.5 seconds.[1] At the same time the sensory neuron synapses with the ipsilateral motor neuron, it also synapses with the motor neuron in the contralateral anterior horn.[3] This motor neuron stabilizes the uninjured side of the body (for instance, preparing the opposite leg to support the entire body weight when the other foot has stepped on a tack). At the same time as these two synapses, the sensory neuron also sends signals up the spinal cord to get motor neurons to contract muscles that shift the center of gravity of the body to maintain balance. This contralateral stimulation of motor neurons to stabilize the body is called the crossed extension reflex, and is a result of the withdrawal reflex (usually in the lower extremities). [4]
See also
- Interneuron
- Nociceptor
- Reflex
References
- ^ a b c Solomon; Schmidt; Adragna (1990). "13". In Carol, Field. Human Anatomy & physiology (2 ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 470. ISBN 0-03-011914-6.
- ^ Thibodeau, Gary; Patton, Kevin (2000). "7". In Schrefer, Sally. Structure & Function of the Body (11 ed.). Mosby, Inc. p. 170. ISBN 0-323-01082-2.
- ^ a b Seeley, Rod; Stephens, Trent; Philip Tate (1992). Allen, Deborah, ed. Anatomy and physiology (2 ed.). Mosby-Year Book, Inc.
- ^ Anatomy and Physiology, The Unity of Form and Function by Ken Saladin. Pg 505-506.
External links
- Ole K. Andersen, SMI, Aalborg University - Physiological and Pharmacological modulation of the human nociceptive withdrawal reflex
Nervous system physiology: neurophysiology - reflex
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Cranial nerve |
- midbrain: Pupillary light reflex
- Accommodation reflex
pons/medulla: Jaw jerk reflex
- Corneal reflex
- Caloric reflex test/Vestibulo-ocular reflex/Oculocephalic reflex
- Pharyngeal (gag) reflex
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Stretch reflexes |
- upper limb: Biceps reflex C5/C6
- Brachioradialis reflex C6
- Triceps reflex C7/C8
lower limb: Patellar reflex L2-L4
- Ankle jerk reflex S1/S2
- Plantar reflex L5-S2
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Primitive reflexes |
- Galant
- Gastrocolic
- Grasp
- Moro
- Rooting
- Stepping
- Sucking
- Tonic neck
- Parachute
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Superficial reflexes |
- Abdominal reflex
- Cremasteric reflex
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Lists |
- general
- alphabetical
- by organ
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Cardiovascular |
- Bainbridge reflex
- Bezold-Jarisch reflex
- Coronary reflex
- Mammalian diving reflex
- Oculocardiac reflex
Baroreflex
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- Reflex bradycardia
- Reflex tachycardia
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Respiratory
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Other |
- Acoustic reflex
- H-reflex
- Golgi tendon reflex
- Optokinetic
- Startle reaction
- Withdrawal reflex (Crossed extensor reflex)
- Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
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Index of the peripheral nervous system
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Nerves
- cranial
- trigeminal
- cervical
- brachial
- lumbosacral plexus
- somatosensory
- spinal
- autonomic
- Physiology
- reflexes
- proteins
- neurotransmitters
- transporters
- Development
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Disease |
- Autonomic
- Congenital
- Injury
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Local anesthetics
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Spinal and supraspinal mechanisms affecting torque development at different joint angles.
- Papaiordanidou M1, Mustacchi V1, Stevenot JD1, Vanoncini M1, Martin A2.
- Muscle & nerve.Muscle Nerve.2015 Sep 5. doi: 10.1002/mus.24895. [Epub ahead of print]
- INTRODUCTION: We examined the neural mechanisms responsible for plantar flexion torque changes at different joint positions.METHODS: Nine subjects performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) at 6 ankle-knee angle combinations [3 ankle angles (dorsiflexion, anatomic position, plantar flexion) and
- PMID 26342187
- Pisa-Like Syndrome Under Baclofen in a Patient With Spastic Hemiparesis due to Ischemic Stroke.
- Cannas A1, Solla P, Mascia M, Muroni A, Floris GL, Borghero G, Orofino G, Meloni M, Marrosu F.
- Clinical neuropharmacology.Clin Neuropharmacol.2015 Sep-Oct;38(5):217-9. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000105.
- In its original description, Pisa syndrome was reported as an iatrogenic dystonia of the trunk caused by neuroleptic drugs. However, sometimes, not dystonic lateral flexion of the trunk is described as Pisa syndrome. These observations support the possibility of a drug-induced lateral flexion of the
- PMID 26366969
- Effects of postural and voluntary muscle contraction on modulation of the soleus H reflex by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
- Guzmán-López J1, Selvi A, Solà-Valls N, Casanova-Molla J, Valls-Solé J.
- Experimental brain research.Exp Brain Res.2015 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print]
- Modulation of spinal reflexes depends largely on the integrity of the corticospinal tract. A useful method to document the influence of descending tracts on reflexes is to examine the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the soleus H reflex elicited by posterior tibial nerve electri
- PMID 26289484
Japanese Journal
- 一側股関節屈曲角度の変化が対側足関節底屈筋力に与える影響
- 1A1-C08 伸張反射が与える随意運動強度への影響評価(リハビリテーションロボティクス・メカトロニクス(1))
- FLEXOR ACTIVITY BY INTRAMEDULLARY PRESSURE IN RABBIT FEMORAL BONE: An experimental study on thigh pain after total hip arthroplasty
Related Links
- 屈曲反射 くっきょくはんしゃ flexion reflex 屈筋反射ともいう。四肢の皮膚を傷害を起すほど強く刺激したとき,その部位の屈筋が収縮する反射をいう。四肢をもつ脊椎動物の基本的な反射形式の一つ。四肢に刺激が与えられたとき ...
- Like the other reflex pathways, local circuit neurons in the flexion reflex pathway receive converging inputs from several different sources, including cutaneous receptors, other spinal cord interneurons, and upper motor neuron pathways.
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- flexion reflex
- 同
- 屈筋反射 flexor reflex、逃避反射 withdrawal reflex flight reflex
- 関
- 表在反射、皮膚反射、回避反射、avoidance reflex
[★]
- 関
- bend、bending、curvature、flex、inflection
[★]
- 関
- reflect、reflection、reflective