WordNet

purely outward or superficial; "external composure"; "an external concern for reputation"- A.R.Gurney,Jr.
outward features; "he enjoyed the solemn externals of religion"
coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"; "relying upon an extraneous income"; "disdaining outside pressure groups" (同)extraneous, outside
from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help" (同)international, outside
happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; "the external auditory canal"; "external pressures"
for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls; "the female lead in the play"; "a female chorus"
an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa)
a person who belongs to the sex that can have babies (同)female person
characteristic of or peculiar to a woman; "female sensitiveness"; "female suffrage" (同)distaff
being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; "a female heir"; "female holly trees bear the berries"
of or relating to the external sex organs; "genital herpes"; "venereal disease" (同)venereal
external sex organ (同)genital_organ, genitals, private_parts, privates, crotch
a nonresident doctor or medical student; connected with a hospital but not living there (同)medical extern

PrepTutorEJDIC

『外側の』,外部の / (作用・動作などが)『外側からの』,外部からの / 表面上の,見せかけの / 体外の;体外用の / 外国の(foreign) / (…の)外観,外形《+『of』+『名』》
(動植物について)『雌の』 / (特に性を区別して)『女の』,女性の / (ねじ・差し込みなど)雌の / 『雌』;(性別上の)『女性』 / 《話》女性,婦人
生殖の,生殖器の
=genitals

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/30 16:21:28」(JST)

wiki en

Flowers are the sex organs of flowering plants.

A sex organ or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined, is any anatomical part of the body involved in sexual reproduction and constituting the reproductive system in a complex organism, especially the external sex organs; the external sex organs are also commonly referred to as the genitalia or genitals.^[1]^[2]

Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants,^[3] cones are the reproductive organs of coniferous plants,^[4] whereas mosses, ferns, and other similar plants have gametangia for reproductive organs.^[5]

Terminology

The Latin term genitalia, sometimes anglicized as genital area, is used to describe the externally visible sex organs, known as primary genitalia or external genitalia: in male mammals, the penis and scrotum; and in female mammals, the clitoris and vulva.

The other, hidden sex organs are referred to as the secondary genitalia or internal genitalia. The most important of these are the gonads, a pair of sex organs, specifically the testes in the male or the ovaries in the female. Gonads are the true sex organs, generating reproductive gametes containing inheritable DNA. They also produce most of the primary hormones that affect sexual development, and regulate other sexual organs and sexually differentiated behaviors.

A more ambiguously defined term is erogenous zone, subjectively, any portion of the body that when stimulated produces erotic sensation, but always prominently including the genitalia.

Mammals

External and internal organs

The visible portion of the mammalian genitals for males consists of the scrotum and penis; for females, it consists of the labia, clitoris, and vagina.

In placental mammals, females have two genital orifices, the vagina and urethra, while males have only one, the urethra.^[6] Male and female genitals have many nerve endings, resulting in pleasurable and highly sensitive touch.^[7]^[8] In most human societies, particularly in conservative ones, genitals are considered a public indecency and sometimes even illegal if left uncovered in public.^[9]

In mammals, sex organs include:

Female	Male
Bartholin's glands Cervix Clitoris Clitoral frenulum Clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) Clitoral hood Fallopian tubes labium Labia majora Labia minora Frenulum of labia minora Ovaries Skene's gland Uterus Vagina Vulva An image of human female external sex organs (shaved of pubic hair)	Bulbourethral glands Epididymis Penis Foreskin Frenulum of penis Glans penis Prostate Scrotum Seminal vesicles Testicles An image of human male external sex organs

Development

In typical prenatal development, sexual organs originate from a common anlage anatomy during early gestation and differentiate into male or female variations. The SRY gene, usually located on the Y chromosome and encoding the testis determining factor, determines the direction of this differentiation. The absence of it allows the gonads to continue to develop into ovaries.

Thereafter, the development of the internal reproductive organs and the external genitalia is determined by hormones produced by certain fetal gonads (ovaries or testes) and the cells' response to them. The initial appearance of the fetal genitalia (a few weeks after conception) looks basically feminine: a pair of "urogenital folds" with a small protuberance in the middle, and the urethra behind the protuberance. If the fetus has testes, and if the testes produce testosterone, and if the cells of the genitals respond to the testosterone, the outer urogenital folds swell and fuse in the midline to produce the scrotum; the protuberance grows larger and straighter to form the penis; the inner urogenital swellings grow, wrap around the penis, and fuse in the midline to form the penile urethra.

Each sexual organ in one sex has a homologous counterpart in the other one. See a list of homologues of the human reproductive system. In a larger perspective, the whole process of sexual differentiation also includes development of secondary sexual characteristics such as patterns of pubic and facial hair and female breasts that emerge at puberty. Furthermore, differences in brain structure arise, affecting, but not absolutely determining, behavior.

Intersex is the development of genitalia somewhere between typical male and female genitalia. Once the child is born, the parents are faced with decisions that are often difficult to make, such as whether or not to modify the genitalia, assign the child as male or female, or leave the genitalia as is. Some parents allow their doctors to choose. If they do decide to modify the genitalia, they have approximately a 50% chance of getting genitalia that will match the child's gender identity. If they pick the wrong one, their child may begin to show symptoms of transsexualism, which can lead them to a life of discomfort until they are able to remedy the issue.^[10]

Plants

Flowering plants

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the union of the male and female germ cells. The sex organs, contained within the flower, may contain both male and female sex organs (these are known as perfect, bisexual, or hermaphrodite) or only one of the two (known as imperfect or unisexual). Also, those plants whose flowers are unisexual may contain both male and female flowers, or there may be purely male and female plants of the same species.

During a plant's sexual reproduction the stamen (male sex organ) produces pollen from an anther. These male germ cells are carried to the pistil (female sex organ), with the ovary at its base where fertilization can take place. The male germ cells can be carried by air, rain, water, insects, or other symbiotic animals, or simply by gravity.

References

^ "Sex organ (sɛks ˈɔːɡən)". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
^ P. R. Ashalatha, G. Deepa (2012). Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses. JP Medical Ltd. pp. 252–274. ISBN 9350254239. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
^ "Flowering Plant Reproduction". Emc.maricopa.edu. 2010-05-18. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
^ ibiblio.org
^ "Mosses and Ferns". Biology.clc.uc.edu. 2001-03-16. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
^ Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
^ Sexual Intimacy in Marriage William Cutrer
^ Daphne's Dance: True Tales in the Evolution of Woman's Sexual Awareness Brigitta Olsen
^ Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide? retrieved 9 February 2012
^ Fausto Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing The Body. New York: New York. pp. 44–77.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in sexually active adolescents and young women in England, prior to widespread HPV immunisation.

Howell-Jones R, de Silva N, Akpan M, Oakeshott P, Carder C, Coupland L, Sillis M, Mallinson H, Ellis V, Frodsham D, Robinson TI, Gill ON, Beddows S, Soldan K.SourceHIV/STI Department, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom.
Vaccine.Vaccine.2012 Jun 6;30(26):3867-75. Epub 2012 Apr 16.
INTRODUCTION: The introduction of an HPV immunisation programme in England should result in a significant reduction in the prevalence of vaccine type infections in young women. Here we describe type-specific HPV prevalence in three samples of the young female population in England, prior to the begi
PMID 22516212

Foetal exposure to phthalate esters and anogenital distance in male newborns.

Suzuki Y, Yoshinaga J, Mizumoto Y, Serizawa S, Shiraishi H.SourceDepartment of Environmental Studies, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital of Self-Defense Force, Tokyo, Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan.
International journal of andrology.Int J Androl.2012 Jun;35(3):236-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01190.x. Epub 2011 Jun 22.
Phthalate esters, commonly used as plasticizers, show anti-androgenic activity and cause male reproductive malformation in experimental animals. However, the effects of prenatal exposure to phthalate esters in humans have not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the rel
PMID 21696396

Japanese Journal

単孔式腹腔鏡下性腺摘除術を施行したアンドロゲン不応症の1例

岸本望,奥見雅由,宮川康 [他]
泌尿器科紀要 57(11), 657-660, 2011-11
… Inspite of having normal female external genitalia, she had 5cm deep blind-ending vagina, absence of uterus and ovaries with the karyotype of 46,XY. …
NAID 40019073065

A Woman with Salt-wasting Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Presenting with a Mucinous Ovarian Cystadenoma during Pregnancy

Kamata Yuji,Hayashi Akinori,Ogawa Akifumi,Ichikawa Raishi,Moriya Tatsumi,Shichiri Masayoshi
Internal Medicine 50(18), 1981-1985, 2011
… Careful management of endocrine and body fluid homeostasis allowed her to give birth to a healthy female infant with normal external genitalia. …
NAID 130000969308