Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta

WordNet

for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls; "the female lead in the play"; "a female chorus"
an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa)
a person who belongs to the sex that can have babies (同)female person
characteristic of or peculiar to a woman; "female sensitiveness"; "female suffrage" (同)distaff
being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; "a female heir"; "female holly trees bear the berries"
for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys; "the male lead"; "the male population"
an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova)
a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies (同)male person
characteristic of a man; "a deep male voice"; "manly sports" (同)manful, manlike, manly, virile
being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation; "a male infant"; "a male holly tree"
to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse" (同)wager, play
the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet" (同)wager
maintain with or as if with a bet; "I bet she will be there!" (同)wager
second in order of importance; "the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory"
the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; "a beta version"; "beta software"
one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body (同)animal_starch
an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme

PrepTutorEJDIC

(動植物について)『雌の』 / (特に性を区別して)『女の』,女性の / (ねじ・差し込みなど)雌の / 『雌』;(性別上の)『女性』 / 《話》女性,婦人
『男性の』,男の;(動物が)雄の,(植物が)雄性の / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(機械・器具などが)雄の差し込み口のある / 『男性』;(動物の)雄,雄性植物
《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
『かけ』・(…との)かけ《+『with』+『名』》 / かけた物(金) / かけの対象 / 〈金・物〉'を'『かける』 / (かけ事・ゲームなどで)〈人〉‘と'『かけをする』《+『名』〈人〉+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)『かける』《+『on』(『against』)+『名』(one's do『ing』)》
ベータ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第2文字;B,β;英語のB,b に遭当)
グリコーゲン,糖原

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/29 00:52:17」(JST)

wiki en

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, also known as GSK3B, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSK3B gene.^[1]^[2] In mice, the enzyme is encoded by the GSK-3β gene.^[3]

Function

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase that was initially identified as a phosphorylating and an inactivating agent of glycogen synthase. Two isoforms, alpha (GSK3A) and beta, show a high degree of amino acid homology.^[1] GSK3B is involved in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation.^[4]^[5]

Loss of function mutations

Homozygous disruption of the GSK-3β locus in mice results in embryonic lethality during mid-gestation.^[3] This lethality phenotype could be rescued by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor.^[3]

Interactions

GSK3B has been shown to interact with:

AKAP11,^[6]
AXIN1,^[7]^[8]
AXIN2,^[9]^[10]
AR,^[11]
CTNNB1,^[12]^[13]
DNM1L,^[14]
MACF1^[15]
MUC1,^[16]^[17]
SMAD3^[18]
NOTCH1,^[19]
NOTCH2,^[20]
P53,^[21]
PRKAR2A,^[6]
SGK3,^[22] and
TSC2.^[7]^[23]

Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis.

References

^ ^a ^b Stambolic V, Woodgett JR (November 1994). "Mitogen inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta in intact cells via serine 9 phosphorylation". Biochem. J. 303 (Pt 3): 701–4. PMC 1137602. PMID 7980435.
^ Lau KF, Miller CC, Anderton BH, Shaw PC (September 1999). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human glycogen synthase kinase-3beta promoter". Genomics 60 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5875. PMID 10486203.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hoeflich KP, Luo J, Rubie EA, Tsao MS, Jin O, Woodgett JR (2000). "Requirement for glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in cell survival and NF-kappaB activation". Nature 406 (6791): 86–90. doi:10.1038/35017574. PMID 10894547.
^ Plyte SE, Hughes K, Nikolakaki E, Pulverer BJ, Woodgett JR (December 1992). "Glycogen synthase kinase-3: functions in oncogenesis and development". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1114 (2–3): 147–62. doi:10.1016/0304-419X(92)90012-N. PMID 1333807.
^ "Entrez Gene: GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta".
^ ^a ^b Tanji C, Yamamoto H, Yorioka N, Kohno N, Kikuchi K, Kikuchi A (2002). "A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta ) and mediates protein kinase A-dependent inhibition of GSK-3beta". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (40): 36955–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206210200. PMID 12147701.
^ ^a ^b Mak BC, Takemaru K, Kenerson HL, Moon RT, Yeung RS (2003). "The tuberin-hamartin complex negatively regulates beta-catenin signaling activity". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (8): 5947–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200473200. PMID 12511557.
^ Nakamura T, Hamada F, Ishidate T, Anai K, Kawahara K, Toyoshima K, Akiyama T (1998). "Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signalling pathway, interacts with beta-catenin, GSK-3beta and APC and reduces the beta-catenin level". Genes Cells 3 (6): 395–403. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1998.00198.x. PMID 9734785.
^ von Kries JP, Winbeck G, Asbrand C, Schwarz-Romond T, Sochnikova N, Dell'Oro A, Behrens J, Birchmeier W (2000). "Hot spots in beta-catenin for interactions with LEF-1, conductin and APC". Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (9): 800–7. doi:10.1038/79039. PMID 10966653.
^ Schwarz-Romond T, Asbrand C, Bakkers J, Kühl M, Schaeffer HJ, Huelsken J, Behrens J, Hammerschmidt M, Birchmeier W (2002). "The ankyrin repeat protein Diversin recruits Casein kinase Iepsilon to the beta-catenin degradation complex and acts in both canonical Wnt and Wnt/JNK signaling". Genes Dev. 16 (16): 2073–84. doi:10.1101/gad.230402. PMC 186448. PMID 12183362.
^ Wang L, Lin HK, Hu YC, Xie S, Yang L, Chang C (2004). "Suppression of androgen receptor-mediated transactivation and cell growth by the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in prostate cells". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (31): 32444–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M313963200. PMID 15178691.
^ Davies G, Jiang WG, Mason MD (2001). "The interaction between beta-catenin, GSK3beta and APC after motogen induced cell-cell dissociation, and their involvement in signal transduction pathways in prostate cancer". Int. J. Oncol. 18 (4): 843–7. doi:10.3892/ijo.18.4.843. PMID 11251183.
^ Kishida S, Yamamoto H, Hino S, Ikeda S, Kishida M, Kikuchi A (1999). "DIX domains of Dvl and axin are necessary for protein interactions and their ability to regulate beta-catenin stability". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (6): 4414–22. PMC 104400. PMID 10330181.
^ Hong YR, Chen CH, Cheng DS, Howng SL, Chow CC (1998). "Human dynamin-like protein interacts with the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 249 (3): 697–703. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9253. PMID 9731200.
^ Wu, Xiaoyang; Shen QT; Oristian DS; Lu CP; Zheng Q; Wang HW; Fuchs E (2011). "Skin Stem Cells Orchestrate Directional Migration by Regulating Microtubule-ACF7 Connections through GSK3b". Cell 144 (3): 341–52. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.033. PMID 21295697.
^ Li Y, Bharti A, Chen D, Gong J, Kufe D (1998). "Interaction of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta with the DF3/MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen and beta-catenin". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (12): 7216–24. PMC 109303. PMID 9819408.
^ Li Y, Kuwahara H, Ren J, Wen G, Kufe D (2001). "The c-Src tyrosine kinase regulates signaling of the human DF3/MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen with GSK3 beta and beta-catenin". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (9): 6061–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000754200. PMID 11152665.
^ Guo X, Ramirez A, Waddell DS, Li Z, Liu X, Wang XF (2008). "Axin and GSK3- control Smad3 protein stability and modulate TGF- signaling". Genes Dev. 22 (1): 106–20. doi:10.1101/gad.1590908. PMC 2151009. PMID 18172167.
^ Foltz DR, Santiago MC, Berechid BE, Nye JS (2002). "Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta modulates notch signaling and stability". Curr. Biol. 12 (12): 1006–11. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00888-6. PMID 12123574.
^ Espinosa L, Inglés-Esteve J, Aguilera C, Bigas A (2003). "Phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta down-regulates Notch activity, a link for Notch and Wnt pathways". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (34): 32227–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304001200. PMID 12794074.
^ Watcharasit P, Bijur GN, Zmijewski JW, Song L, Zmijewska A, Chen X, Johnson GV, Jope RS (2002). "Direct, activating interaction between glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and p53 after DNA damage". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (12): 7951–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.122062299. PMC 123001. PMID 12048243.
^ Dai F, Yu L, He H, Chen Y, Yu J, Yang Y, Xu Y, Ling W, Zhao S (2002). "Human serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase-like kinase (SGKL) phosphorylates glycogen syntheses kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) at serine-9 through direct interaction". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 293 (4): 1191–6. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00349-2. PMID 12054501.
^ Inoki K, Ouyang H, Zhu T, Lindvall C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang Q, Bennett C, Harada Y, Stankunas K, Wang CY, He X, MacDougald OA, You M, Williams BO, Guan KL (2006). "TSC2 integrates Wnt and energy signals via a coordinated phosphorylation by AMPK and GSK3 to regulate cell growth". Cell 126 (5): 955–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.055. PMID 16959574.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 幼児および小児における低血糖症の病因 etiology of hypoglycemia in infants and children
2. 肝グリコーゲン合成酵素欠損症（糖原病0型） liver glycogen synthase deficiency glycogen storage disease 0
3. ホスホリラーゼbキナーゼ欠損症 phosphorylase b kinase deficiency
4. グリコーゲン分枝酵素欠損症（糖原病IV型、アンダーセン病） glycogen branching enzyme deficiency glycogen storage disease iv andersen disease
5. グルコースおよびグリコーゲン代謝の遺伝性疾患の概要 overview of inherited disorders of glucose and glycogen metabolism

English Journal

Inhibition of GSK-3β reverses the pro-apoptotic effect of proadifen (SKF-525A) in HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells.

Jendželovský R, Kovaľ J, Mikeš J, Papčová Z, Plšíková J, Fedoročko P.SourceInstitute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Cellular Biology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia.
Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.Toxicol In Vitro.2012 Sep;26(6):775-82. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
Proadifen (SKF-525A) is a well-known inhibitor of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Besides the prevention of drug metabolism it affects the proliferation of cancer cells, although the mechanisms of possible anti-cancer activity of proadifen have not been fully understood yet. The aim of this study th
PMID 22683934

The APP intracellular domain (AICD) inhibits Wnt signalling and promotes neurite outgrowth.

Zhou F, Gong K, Song B, Ma T, van Laar T, Gong Y, Zhang L.SourceState Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Leiden University Medical Center, Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2012 Aug;1823(8):1233-41. Epub 2012 May 18.
β- and γ-secretase cleave the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to release the amyloidogenic β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) and the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Aβ has been widely believed to initiate pathogenic cascades culminating in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the physiological functions o
PMID 22613765

Japanese Journal

Ursolic Acid from Oldenlandia diffusa Induces Apoptosis via Activation of Caspases and Phosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta in SK-OV-3 Ovarian Cancer Cells

Song Young-Hoon,Jeong Soo-Jin,Kwon Hee-Young [他],Kim Bonglee,Kim Sung-Hoon,Yoo Dong-Youl
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35(7), 1022-1028, 2012
… Consistently, Western blotting revealed that ursolic acid effectively cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-9 and -3, suppressed the expression of survival genes such as c-Myc, Bcl-xL and astrocyte elevated gene (AEG)-1, and upregulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in SK-OV-3 cells. …
NAID 130001872103

Pitavastatin Decreases Tau levels Via the Inactivation of Rho/ROCK

HAMANO Tadanori,YEN Shu-Hui,GENDRON Tania,KO Li-wen,KURIYAMA Masaru
Neurobiology of Aging 33, 2011-11
… Although several studies have shown that statins may reduce amyloid beta protein levels, there have been few reports on the interaction between statins and tau. … The maturation of small G proteins, including RhoA was disrupted by pitavastatin, as was the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a major tau kinase. …
NAID 120003593722

P-293 GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3-BETA IS UPREGULATED DURING SOMITOGENESIS IN THE CADMIUM-INDUCED OMPHALOCELE CHICK MODEL

Doi Takashi,Thompson Jennifer,Bannigan John,Yamataka Atsuyuki,Puri Prem
日本小児外科学会雑誌 47(4), 550, 2011-07-05
NAID 110008735061

「female」

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
	; PDB rendering based on 1gng.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1GNG, 1H8F, 1I09, 1J1B, 1J1C, 1O6K, 1O6L, 1O9U, 1PYX, 1Q3D, 1Q3W, 1Q41, 1Q4L, 1Q5K, 1R0E, 1UV5, 2JDO, 2JDR, 2JLD, 2O5K, 2OW3, 2UW9, 2X39, 2XH5, 3CQU, 3CQW, 3DU8, 3E87, 3E88, 3E8D, 3F7Z, 3F88, 3GB2, 3I4B, 3L1S, 3M1S, 3MV5, 3OW4, 3PUP, 3Q3B, 3QKK, 3SAY, 3SD0, 3ZDI, 3ZRK, 3ZRL, 3ZRM, 4ACC, 4ACD, 4ACG, 4ACH, 4AFJ, 4B7T, 4DIT, 4EKK, 4IQ6, 4J1R, 4J71, 4NM0, 4NM3, 4NM5, 4NM7
Identifiers
Symbol	GSK3B
External IDs	OMIM: 605004 MGI: 1861437 HomoloGene: 55629 IUPHAR: 2030 ChEMBL: 262 GeneCards: GSK3B Gene
EC number	2.7.11.1, 2.7.11.26
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding; • p53 binding; • protein serine/threonine kinase activity; • integrin binding; • protein binding; • ATP binding; • beta-catenin binding; • kinase activity; • protein kinase binding; • ubiquitin protein ligase binding; • protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding; • ionotropic glutamate receptor binding; • tau protein binding; • tau-protein kinase activity; • NF-kappaB binding;
Cellular component	• nucleus; • cytoplasm; • centrosome; • cytosol; • plasma membrane; • growth cone; • ribonucleoprotein complex; • beta-catenin destruction complex; • neuronal cell body; • dendritic spine; • dendritic shaft; • membrane raft; • perinuclear region of cytoplasm;
Biological process	• re-entry into mitotic cell cycle; • epithelial to mesenchymal transition; • positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion; • glycogen metabolic process; • regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting; • protein phosphorylation; • protein export from nucleus; • ER overload response; • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • axon guidance; • myoblast fusion; • circadian rhythm; • fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • organ morphogenesis; • response to lithium ion; • negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy; • positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; • cell migration; • peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; • hippocampus development; • establishment of cell polarity; • negative regulation of protein complex assembly; • positive regulation of protein complex assembly; • negative regulation of protein binding; • positive regulation of protein binding; • positive regulation of Rac GTPase activity; • regulation of microtubule-based process; • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; • protein localization to microtubule; • intracellular signal transduction; • cellular response to interleukin-3; • Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway; • response to drug; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of MAP kinase activity; • hypermethylation of CpG island; • canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process; • innate immune response; • fat cell differentiation; • negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; • positive regulation of protein catabolic process; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • positive regulation of protein export from nucleus; • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway; • phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling; • regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity; • negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis; • negative regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus; • canonical Wnt signaling pathway; • superior temporal gyrus development; • cellular response to mechanical stimulus; • negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; • extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand; • positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway; • negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development; • negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity; • positive regulation of stem cell differentiation;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	This box: view; talk; edit;

　　[★]

adj.

雌性の、メスの、女の

n.

女性、女子

関: female sex、females、glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta、male、woman、women

「グリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼ」

　　[★]

英: glycogen synthase kinase, GSK
関: グリコーゲンシンターゼ glycogen synthase

GSK-3

glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha

glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta

「male」

　　[★]

n.

オス、男性

adj.

雄性の、男の

関: female、glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta、male sex、males、man、men

「synthase」

　　[★]

n.

(脱離酵素リアーゼの逆反応である合成方向の反応を指す) シンターゼ, 合成酵素, 付加酵素

関: lyase、synthetase、transferase

「kinase」

　　[★] キナーゼカイネースリン酸化酵素 phosphoenzyme phosphotransferase 　

「beta」

　　[★]

β、ベータ　　　　

「glycogen synthase」

　　[★] グリコーゲンシンターゼ

「be」

　　[★] 　　　　　　　　　

[pmid7980435-1] Stambolic V, Woodgett JR (November 1994). "Mitogen inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta in intact cells via serine 9 phosphorylation". Biochem. J. 303 (Pt 3): 701–4. PMC 1137602. PMID 7980435.

[pmid10486203-2] Lau KF, Miller CC, Anderton BH, Shaw PC (September 1999). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human glycogen synthase kinase-3beta promoter". Genomics 60 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5875. PMID 10486203.

[hoeflich2000-3] Hoeflich KP, Luo J, Rubie EA, Tsao MS, Jin O, Woodgett JR (2000). "Requirement for glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in cell survival and NF-kappaB activation". Nature 406 (6791): 86–90. doi:10.1038/35017574. PMID 10894547.

[pmid1333807-4] Plyte SE, Hughes K, Nikolakaki E, Pulverer BJ, Woodgett JR (December 1992). "Glycogen synthase kinase-3: functions in oncogenesis and development". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1114 (2–3): 147–62. doi:10.1016/0304-419X(92)90012-N. PMID 1333807.

[5] "Entrez Gene: GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta".

[pmid12147701-6] Tanji C, Yamamoto H, Yorioka N, Kohno N, Kikuchi K, Kikuchi A (2002). "A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta ) and mediates protein kinase A-dependent inhibition of GSK-3beta". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (40): 36955–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206210200. PMID 12147701.

[pmid12511557-7] Mak BC, Takemaru K, Kenerson HL, Moon RT, Yeung RS (2003). "The tuberin-hamartin complex negatively regulates beta-catenin signaling activity". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (8): 5947–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200473200. PMID 12511557.

[pmid9734785-8] Nakamura T, Hamada F, Ishidate T, Anai K, Kawahara K, Toyoshima K, Akiyama T (1998). "Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signalling pathway, interacts with beta-catenin, GSK-3beta and APC and reduces the beta-catenin level". Genes Cells 3 (6): 395–403. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1998.00198.x. PMID 9734785.

[pmid10966653-9] von Kries JP, Winbeck G, Asbrand C, Schwarz-Romond T, Sochnikova N, Dell'Oro A, Behrens J, Birchmeier W (2000). "Hot spots in beta-catenin for interactions with LEF-1, conductin and APC". Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (9): 800–7. doi:10.1038/79039. PMID 10966653.

[pmid12183362-10] Schwarz-Romond T, Asbrand C, Bakkers J, Kühl M, Schaeffer HJ, Huelsken J, Behrens J, Hammerschmidt M, Birchmeier W (2002). "The ankyrin repeat protein Diversin recruits Casein kinase Iepsilon to the beta-catenin degradation complex and acts in both canonical Wnt and Wnt/JNK signaling". Genes Dev. 16 (16): 2073–84. doi:10.1101/gad.230402. PMC 186448. PMID 12183362.

[pmid15178691-11] Wang L, Lin HK, Hu YC, Xie S, Yang L, Chang C (2004). "Suppression of androgen receptor-mediated transactivation and cell growth by the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in prostate cells". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (31): 32444–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M313963200. PMID 15178691.

[pmid11251183-12] Davies G, Jiang WG, Mason MD (2001). "The interaction between beta-catenin, GSK3beta and APC after motogen induced cell-cell dissociation, and their involvement in signal transduction pathways in prostate cancer". Int. J. Oncol. 18 (4): 843–7. doi:10.3892/ijo.18.4.843. PMID 11251183.

[pmid10330181-13] Kishida S, Yamamoto H, Hino S, Ikeda S, Kishida M, Kikuchi A (1999). "DIX domains of Dvl and axin are necessary for protein interactions and their ability to regulate beta-catenin stability". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (6): 4414–22. PMC 104400. PMID 10330181.

[pmid9731200-14] Hong YR, Chen CH, Cheng DS, Howng SL, Chow CC (1998). "Human dynamin-like protein interacts with the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 249 (3): 697–703. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9253. PMID 9731200.

[15] Wu, Xiaoyang; Shen QT; Oristian DS; Lu CP; Zheng Q; Wang HW; Fuchs E (2011). "Skin Stem Cells Orchestrate Directional Migration by Regulating Microtubule-ACF7 Connections through GSK3b". Cell 144 (3): 341–52. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.033. PMID 21295697.

[pmid9819408-16] Li Y, Bharti A, Chen D, Gong J, Kufe D (1998). "Interaction of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta with the DF3/MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen and beta-catenin". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (12): 7216–24. PMC 109303. PMID 9819408.

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リンク元	「female」「グリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼ」「male」
関連記事	「synthase」「kinase」「beta」「glycogen synthase」「be」

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