fast-twitch fiber

速筋線維

WordNet

1. resistant to destruction or fading; "fast colors"
2. abstaining from food (同)fasting
3. securely fixed in place; "the post was still firm after being hit by the car" (同)firm, immobile
4. firmly or closely; "held fast to the rope"; "her foot was stuck fast"; "held tight" (同)tight
5. (of a photographic lens or emulsion) causing a shortening of exposure time; "a fast lens"
6. (of surfaces) conducive to rapid speeds; "a fast road"; "grass courts are faster than clay"
7. (used of timepieces) indicating a time ahead of or later than the correct time; "my watch is fast"
8. abstain from certain foods, as for religious or medical reasons; "Catholics sometimes fast during Lent"
9. abstain from eating; "Before the medical exam, you must fast"
10. acting or moving or capable of acting or moving quickly; "fast film"; "on the fast track in school"; "set a fast pace"; "a fast car"
11. at a rapid tempo; "the band played a fast fox trot"
12. quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form); "how fast can he get here?"; "ran as fast as he could"; "needs medical help fast"; "fast-running rivers"; "fast-breaking news"; "fast-opening (or fast-closing) shutters"
13. move or pull with a sudden motion
14. make an uncontrolled, short, jerky motion; "his face is twitching" (同)jerk
15. a sudden muscle spasm; especially one caused by a nervous condition (同)twitching, vellication
16. tell a relatively insignificant lie; "Fibbing is not acceptable, even if you dont call it lying"
17. a trivial lie; "he told a fib about eating his spinach"; "how can I stop my child from telling stories?" (同)story, tale, tarradiddle, taradiddle
18. a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn (同)fibre
19. a leatherlike material made by compressing layers of paper or cloth (同)fibre, vulcanized fiber
20. any of several elongated, threadlike cells (especially a muscle fiber or a nerve fiber) (同)fibre
21. aggravation by deriding or mocking or criticizing (同)taunt, taunting

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『速い』,急速な,すばやい,敏速な / (時計が)『進んでいる』 / 『しっかりした』,ぐらつかない / 心の変わらない,忠実な(faithful) / (色が)あせない / 《古》(女性が)身持ちの悪い;《まれに》(生活が)享楽的な / (フイルムが)高感度の,(レンズが)高速撮影用の / 『速く』;すばやく(quickly) / 『しっかりと』,固く(firmly) / 『ぐっすりと』(soundly) / どしどし,ひっきりなしに
2. 断食(だんじき),絶食 / (宗教的行事としての)断食日,断食期間 / 断食する,絶食する / (…で)精進する《+『on』+『名』》
3. (無意識に)ぴくんと動く / (…を)急にぐいと引く《+at+名》 / 〈体〉一部〉‘を'ぴくっと動かす / …‘を'急にぐいと引く(引っ張る) / (無意識に)ぴくぴく動くこと,(筋肉の)けいれん / (…を)ぐいと引くこと《+at+名》
4. (ささいな,罪のない)うそ / 軽いうそをつく
5. (…のことで)〈人〉‘を'あざける,からかう《+名〈人〉+about(on,with)+名》 / 《英俗》ばか,あほう

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 心不全における骨格筋機能低下および運動耐容能低下 skeletal muscle dysfunction and exercise intolerance in heart failure
• 2. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびその他の運動ニューロン疾患の診断 diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other forms of motor neuron disease
• 3. 小児および思春期のためのファストフード fast food for children and adolescents
• 4. マハイム束の頻拍 mahaim fiber tachycardias
• 5. 思春期の食習慣 adolescent eating habits

English Journal

• MicroRNA-23a has minimal effect on endurance exercise-induced adaptation of mouse skeletal muscle.

• Wada S1, Kato Y, Sawada S, Aizawa K, Park JH, Russell AP, Ushida T, Akimoto T.Author information 1Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.AbstractSkeletal muscles contain several subtypes of myofibers that differ in contractile and metabolic properties. Transcriptional control of fiber-type specification and adaptation has been intensively investigated over the past several decades. Recently, microRNA (miRNA)-mediated posttranscriptional gene regulation has attracted increasing attention. MiR-23a targets key molecules regulating contractile and metabolic properties of skeletal muscle, such as myosin heavy-chains and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α). In the present study, we analyzed the skeletal muscle phenotype of miR-23a transgenic (miR-23a Tg) mice to explore whether forced expression of miR-23a affects markers of mitochondrial content, muscle fiber composition, and muscle adaptations induced by 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running. When compared with wild-type mice, protein markers of mitochondrial content, including PGC-1α, and cytochrome c oxidase complex IV (COX IV), were significantly decreased in the slow soleus muscle, but not the fast plantaris muscle of miR-23a Tg mice. There was a decrease in type IId/x fibers only in the soleus muscle of the Tg mice. Following 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running, there was no difference in the endurance exercise capacity as well as in several muscle adaptive responses including an increase in muscle mass, capillary density, or the protein content of myosin heavy-chain IIa, PGC-1α, COX IV, and cytochrome c. These results show that miR-23a targets PGC-1α and regulates basal metabolic properties of slow but not fast twitch muscles. Elevated levels of miR-23a did not impact on whole body endurance capacity or exercise-induced muscle adaptations in the fast plantaris muscle.
• Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology.Pflugers Arch.2014 Apr 23. [Epub ahead of print]
• Skeletal muscles contain several subtypes of myofibers that differ in contractile and metabolic properties. Transcriptional control of fiber-type specification and adaptation has been intensively investigated over the past several decades. Recently, microRNA (miRNA)-mediated posttranscriptional gene
• PMID 24756198

• Differentiation of the intracellular structure of slow- versus fast-twitch muscle fibers through evaluation of the dielectric properties of tissue.

• Sanchez B1, Li J, Bragos R, Rutkove SB.Author information 1Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215-5491, USA.AbstractSlow-twitch (type 1) skeletal muscle fibers have markedly greater mitochondrial content than fast-twitch (type 2) fibers. Accordingly, we sought to determine whether the dielectric properties of these two fiber types differed, consistent with their distinct intracellular morphologies. The longitudinal and transverse dielectric spectrum of the ex vivo rat soleus (a predominantly type 1 muscle) and the superficial layers of rat gastrocnemius (predominantly type 2) (n = 15) were measured in the 1 kHz-10 MHz frequency range and modeled to a resistivity Cole-Cole function. Major differences were especially apparent in the dielectric spectrum in the 1 to 10 MHz range. Specifically, the gastrocnemius demonstrated a well-defined, higher center frequency than the soleus muscle, whereas the soleus muscle showed a greater difference in the modeled zero and infinite resistivities than the gastrocnemius. These findings are consistent with the fact that soleus tissue has larger and more numerous mitochondria than gastrocnemius. Evaluation of tissue at high frequency could provide a novel approach for assessing intracellular structure in health and disease.
• Physics in medicine and biology.Phys Med Biol.2014 Apr 17;59(10):2369-2380. [Epub ahead of print]
• Slow-twitch (type 1) skeletal muscle fibers have markedly greater mitochondrial content than fast-twitch (type 2) fibers. Accordingly, we sought to determine whether the dielectric properties of these two fiber types differed, consistent with their distinct intracellular morphologies. The longitudin
• PMID 24743385

• Of Mice, Monkeys, And Men: Physiological And Morphological Evidence For Evolutionary Divergence Of Function In Mimetic Musculature.

• Burrows AM1, Durham EL, Matthews LC, Smith TD, Parr LA.Author information 1Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.AbstractFacial expression is a universal means of visual communication in humans and many other primates. Humans have the most complex facial display repertoire among primates; however, gross morphological studies have not found greater complexity in human mimetic musculature. This study examines the microanatomical aspects of mimetic musculature to test the hypotheses related to human mimetic musculature physiology, function, and evolutionary morphology. Samples from the orbicularis oris muscle (OOM) and the zygomaticus major (ZM) muscle in laboratory mice (N = 3), rhesus macaques (N = 3), and humans (N = 3) were collected. Fiber type proportions (slow-twitch and fast-twitch), fiber cross-sectional area, diameter, and length were calculated, and means were statistically compared among groups. Results showed that macaques had the greatest percentage of fast fibers in both muscles (followed by humans) and that humans had the greatest percentage of slow fibers in both muscles. Macaques and humans typically did not differ from one another in morphometrics except for fiber length where humans had longer fibers. Although sample sizes are low, results from this study may indicate that the rhesus macaque OOM and ZM muscle are specialized primarily to assist with maintenance of the rigid dominance hierarchy via rapid facial displays of submission and aggression, whereas human musculature may have evolved not only under pressure to work in facial expressions but also in development of speech. Anat Rec, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
• Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007).Anat Rec (Hoboken).2014 Apr 7. doi: 10.1002/ar.22913. [Epub ahead of print]
• Facial expression is a universal means of visual communication in humans and many other primates. Humans have the most complex facial display repertoire among primates; however, gross morphological studies have not found greater complexity in human mimetic musculature. This study examines the microa
• PMID 24706483

Japanese Journal

• The Extract of Soybean Protein Increases Slow-Myosin Heavy Chain Expression in C2C12 Myotubes

• Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ　ａｎｄ　Ｖｉｔａｍｉｎｏｌｏｇｙ 64(4), 296-300, 2018
• NAID 130007472698

• 等尺性膝関節運動時における筋電図周波数と時間応答の解析手法

• 日本福祉大学健康科学論集 = The journal of health sciences, Nihon Fukushi University 20, 1-8, 2017-03
• NAID 120006248924

• <b>Changes in FOXO and proinflammatory cytokines in the late stage of immobilized fast and slow muscle atr</b><b>ophy </b>

• Biomedical Research 38(6), 331-342, 2017
• NAID 130006248348

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「速筋線維」
関連記事	「fast」「fasted」「twitch」「twitching」「FAST」

「速筋線維」

　　[★]

英

fast muscle fiber

同

fast-twitch fiber、type II muscle fiber、fast-twitch muscle fiber

関

速筋、筋肉

「fast」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 1

• 早い、急速な(opp. slow)
• すばやい、敏捷な。手の早い
• 短期間の
• 時間のかからない、手間の要らない
• (時間が)早い、進んでいる。(はかりが)実際より大きな値を示す。夏時間の
• 高速用の、敏速な動きに適した

• 2

• 固着した、しっかりした、ぐらつかない(opp. loose)
• 固く締まった。しっかりした(縫い目・握り方など)
• 心の変わらぬ(constant)、忠実な
• (色が)あせない、色あせしない、堅牢な。耐…性の。(菌)(破壊または染色に対して)耐性のある

acid-fast bacteria 抗酸菌

関

fasted、fasting、food deprivation、high speed、high-performance、high-speed、highperformance、quick、rapid、swift

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「fasted」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 絶食させた、絶食時の

関

fast、fasting、food deprivation

「twitch」

　　[★]

• n.

• 単収縮、攣縮、れん縮

関

spasm、twitching

　 　 　 　

「twitching」

　　[★]

• n.

• 単収縮、攣縮、れん縮

関

spasm、twitch

「FAST」

　　[★] Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma