WordNet

the means of connection between things linked in series (同)nexus
a unit of length equal to 1/100 of a chain
an interconnecting circuit between two or more locations for the purpose of transmitting and receiving data (同)data link
a fastener that serves to join or connect; "the walls are held together with metal links placed in the wet mortar during construction" (同)linkup, tie, tie-in
(computing) an instruction that connects one part of a program or an element on a list to another program or list
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions

PrepTutorEJDIC

(鎖の)『輪』,環 / 鎖のようにつながったソーセージの一節 / (…と)つなぐ物(人),(…との)きずな,つながり《+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / 《複数形で》=cuff links / …‘を'『つなぎ合わせる』,連結する;(…と)…‘を'つなぐ《+『名』+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…と)結合する,つながる《+[『up』(『together』)]『with』+『名』》
たいまつ
=sense organ / 受信装置
酵素

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/05 16:29:55」(JST)

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An enzyme-linked receptor, also known as a catalytic receptor, is a transmembrane receptor, where the binding of an extracellular ligand causes enzymatic activity on the intracellular side.^[1] Hence a catalytic receptor is an integral membrane protein possessing both enzymatic catalytic and receptor functions.^[2]

They have two important domains, an extra-cellular ligand binding domain and an intracellular domain, which has a Catalytic function; and a transmembrane helix. The signaling molecule binds to the receptor outside of the cell and causes a conformational change on the Catalytic function located on the receptor inside of the cell.

Examples of the enzymatic activity include:

Receptor tyrosine kinase, as in fibroblast growth factor receptor. Most enzyme-linked receptors are of this type.^[3]
Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, as in bone morphogenetic protein
Guanylate cyclase, as in atrial natriuretic factor receptor

Types

The following is a list of the five major families of catalytic receptors:

Family	Member	Gene	Catalytic activity	Endogenous Ligands	Synthetic Ligands
Erb^[4]	ErbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor)	EGFR	tyrosine kinase EC 2.7.10.1	Epidermal growth factor, amphiregulin, betacellulin, epigen, epiregulin, HB-EGF, TGFa	GW583340, gefitinib, erlotinib, tyrphostins AG879 and AG1478
	ErbB2	ERBB2	"
	ErbB3	ERBB3	"	NRG-1, NRG-2	GW583340, gefitinib, erlotinib, tyrphostins AG879 and AG1478
	ErbB4	ERBB4	"	Betacellulin, epiregulin, HB-EGF, NRG-1, NRG-2, NRG-3, NRG-4	GW583340, gefitinib, erlotinib, tyrphostins AG879 and AG1478
GDNF (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor)^[5]	GFRa1	GFRa1	"	GDNF > neurturin > artemin
	GFRa2	GFRa2	"	Neurturin > GDNF
	GFRa3	GFRa3	"	Artemin
	GFRa4	GFRa4	"	Persephin
NPR (natriuretic peptide receptor)^[6]	NPR1	NPR1	guanylyl cyclase EC 4.6.1.2	Atrial natriuretic peptide
	NPR2	NPR2	"	C-type natriuretic peptide
	NPR3	NPR3	"	Atrial natriuretic peptide
	NPR4	NPR4	"	Uroguanylin
trk neurotrophin receptor^[7]	TrkA	NTRK1	tyrosine kinase EC 2.7.10.1	Nerve growth factor > NT-3	GW441756, tyrphostin AG879
	TrkB	NTRK2	"	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, NT-4/NT-5 > NT-3
	TrkC	NTRK3	"	NT-3
	p75	NGFR	"	NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4/5
Toll-like^[8]	TLR1	TLR1	"
	TLR2	TLR2	"	Peptidoglycan
	TLR3	TLR3	"	polyIC, polyinosine-polycytosine
	TLR4	TLR4	"	LPS, lipopolysaccharide derived from Gram-negative bacteria
	TLR5	TLR5	"	Flagellin
	TLR6	TLR6	"
	TLR7	TLR7	"		resiquimod, imiquimod
	TLR8	TLR8	"
	TLR9	TLR9	"	CpG, DNA enriched in cytosine:guanosine pairs
	TLR10	TLR10	"

References

^ Ronald W. Dudek (1 November 2006). High-yield cell and molecular biology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-0-7817-6887-0. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
^ Alexander SP, Mathie A, Peters JA (February 2007). "Catalytic Receptors". Br. J. Pharmacol. 150 Suppl 1 (S1): S122–7. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707205. PMC 2013840. PMID 17279064.
^ lecture10
^ Alexander SP, Mathie A, Peters JA (February 2007). "Catalytic receptors: ErbB family". Br. J. Pharmacol. 150 Suppl 1: S146. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706476.
^ Alexander SP, Mathie A, Peters JA (February 2007). "Catalytic receptors: GDNF family". Br. J. Pharmacol. 150 Suppl 1: S147. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706477.
^ Alexander SP, Mathie A, Peters JA (February 2007). "Catalytic receptors: Natriuretic peptide family". Br. J. Pharmacol. 150 Suppl 1: S148. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706478.
^ Alexander SP, Mathie A, Peters JA (February 2007). "Catalytic receptors: Neurotrophin family". Br. J. Pharmacol. 150 Suppl 1: S149. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706479.
^ Alexander SP, Mathie A, Peters JA (February 2007). "Catalytic receptors: Toll-like receptor family". Br. J. Pharmacol. 150 Suppl 1: S150. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706480.

External links

Diagram at scq.ubc.ca
"Catalytic Receptors". British Journal of Pharmacology. Retrieved 2008-08-17.

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