WordNet
- small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
- a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
- a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
- (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
- any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
- a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/03/16 21:27:55」(JST)
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Not to be confused with Enterochromaffin-like cell.
Enterochromaffin cell |
Serotonin
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Details |
Identifiers |
Latin |
endocrinocytus EC |
MeSH |
Enterochromaffin+Cells |
Code |
TH H3.04.02.0.00029 |
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
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Enterochromaffin (EC) cells, or "Kulchitsky cells", are a type of enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cell[1] occurring in the epithelia lining the lumen of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract that release serotonin.
Contents
- 1 Distribution
- 2 Function
- 3 Origin
- 4 Etymology
- 5 "Enterochromaffin-like cells"
- 6 Pathophysiology
- 7 See also
- 8 References
Distribution
In the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the EC cells are distributed widely in the epithelium of the stomach,[2] small bowel and colon.
Function
They use the rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1) to synthesize serotonin and contain about 90% of the body's stores of serotonin (5-HT).[3]
In the gastrointestinal tract, 5-HT is important in response to chemical, mechanical[4] or pathological stimuli in the lumen. It activates both secretory and peristaltic reflexes, and activates vagal afferents (via 5-HT3 receptors) that signal to the brain (important in the generation of nausea). Ondansetron is an antagonist of the 5-HT3 receptor and is an effective anti-emetic.
Origin
The enterochromaffin cells are derived from the same stem cells as the rest of the epithelium, and are not derived from the migratory neural crest source that provides the enteric nervous system.[5]
Etymology
They are called "entero"[6] meaning related to the gut and "chromaffin" because of a chromium salt reaction that they share with chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (adrenal glands).[7]
"Enterochromaffin-like cells"
Another population of chromaffin cells is found only in the stomach wall, called enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL). They look like EC cells but do not contain 5-HT.
ECL cells respond to gastrin released by G-cells and they release histamine, which will stimulate the parietal cells to produce gastric acid.
Pathophysiology
The neuroendocrine progenitors to enterochromaffin cells in the bronchial epithelium have been implicated in the origin of small cell lung cancer.[8]
See also
- Carcinoid syndrome
- Serotonin
References
- ^ Enterochromaffin Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ^ Simonsson, M. et al. (1988) Endocrine Cells in the Human Oxyntic Mucosa: A Histochemical Study. Scand J Gastro. 23(9):1089-99.
- ^ Josef Donnerer; Fred Lembeck (2006). The chemical languages of the nervous system: history of scientists and substances. Karger Publishers. pp. 161–. ISBN 978-3-8055-8004-5. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
- ^ Bulbring, E., Crema, A., The release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in relation to pressure exerted on the intestinal mucosa. J Physiol 1959;146(1):18-28.
- ^ Thompson M, Fleming KA, Evans DJ, Fundele R, Surani MA, Wright NA (October 1990). "Gastric endocrine cells share a clonal origin with other gut cell lineages". Development 110 (2): 477–81. PMID 2133551.
- ^ Entero- definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
- ^ 1516961798 at GPnotebook
- ^ eMedicine - Lung Cancer, Small Cell : Article by Abid Irshad
Physiology of the gastrointestinal system
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GI tract |
Upper |
Exocrine |
- Chief cells
- Parietal cells
- Gastric acid
- Intrinsic factor
- Foveolar cells
- Goblet cells
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Processes |
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Fluids |
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Lower |
Enteric nervous system |
- Submucous plexus
- Myenteric plexus
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Endocrine/paracrine |
- G cells
- D cells
- ECL cells
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enterogastrone: |
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- Enteroendocrine cells
- Enterochromaffin cell
- APUD cell
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Fluids |
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Processes |
- Segmentation contractions
- Migrating motor complex
- Borborygmus
- Defecation
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Either/both |
Processes |
- Peristalsis (Interstitial cell of Cajal
- Basal electrical rhythm)
- Gastrocolic reflex
- Digestion
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Accessory |
Fluids |
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Processes |
- Enterohepatic circulation
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Abdominopelvic |
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Cells in humans derived from endoderm
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Foregut |
Respiratory |
- Pneumocyte
- Club cell
- Goblet cell
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Digestive |
Stomach |
- Enteroendocrine cell
- G cell
- Delta cell
- Enterochromaffin-like cell
- Gastric chief cell
- Parietal cell
- Foveolar cell
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Intestine |
- Enteroendocrine cell
- Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
- S cell
- Delta cell
- Cholecystokinin
- Goblet cell
- Paneth cell
- Enterocyte
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Liver |
- Hepatocyte
- Hepatic stellate cell
- (Kupffer cell from mesoderm)
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Gallbladder |
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Exocrine pancreas |
- Centroacinar cell
- Pancreatic stellate cell
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Islets of Langerhans |
- alpha cell
- beta cell
- delta cell
- F cell(PP cell
- epsilon cell
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Pharyngeal pouch |
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
- Parathyroid chief cell
- Oxyphil cell
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Hindgut/cloaca |
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- The clinical implications and biologic relevance of neurofilament expression in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
- Schimmack S, Lawrence B, Svejda B, Alaimo D, Schmitz-Winnenthal H, Fischer L, Büchler MW, Kidd M, Modlin I.SourceGastrointestinal Pathobiology Research Group, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; University Hospital of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Cancer.Cancer.2012 May 15;118(10):2763-75. doi: 10.1002/cncr.26592. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
- BACKGROUND: Although gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) exhibit widely divergent behavior, limited biologic information (apart from Ki-67) is available to characterize malignancy. Therefore, the identification of alternative biomarkers is a key unmet need. Given the role of i
- PMID 21990041
- Type 2 cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation in the Colonic Mucosa.
- Wang R, Kwon IK, Thangaraju M, Singh N, Liu K, Jay P, Hofmann F, Ganapathy V, Browning DD.Source1Georgia Health Sciences University.
- American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol.2012 May 3. [Epub ahead of print]
- Signaling through cGMP has emerged as an important regulator of tissue homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract but the mechanism is not known. Type 2 cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG2) is a major cGMP effector in the gut epithelium and the present studies have tested its importance in the regula
- PMID 22556146
Japanese Journal
- Serotonin- and Somatostatin-Positive Goblet Cell Carcinoid of the Duodenum
- 幽門洞切除によって全腫瘍を消失しえたA型胃炎に伴う多発性胃カルチノイドの1例
- 日本食品科学工学会誌 : Nippon shokuhin kagaku kogaku kaishi = Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology 57(8), 366, 2010-08-15
- NAID 10026526056
Related Links
- cell top: plant cell bottom: animal cell cell (sĕl) n. 1. A narrow confining room, as in a prison or convent. 2. A small enclosed cavity or space, such as a compartment in a honeycomb or within a plant ovary or an area bordered by ...
- en·ter·o·chro·maf·fin cell (ĕn′tə-rō-krō′mə-fĭn) n. See enteroendocrine cell. enterochromaffin cell. See argentaffin cell. ... 9) Contrary to the early theory of derivation from Kulchitsky cells, it is now believed that SCC of the bladder ...
- enterochromaffin cell en·ter·o·chro·maf·fin cell (ěn'tə-rō-krō'mə-fĭn) n. See enteroendocrine cell.
Related Pictures
![](http://msp.c.yimg.jp/image?q=tbn:ANd9GcQHgnkRrYP3goxIARFJsECvBTWR1edc251_BNKLm7KcQfN8aBiV3S6DjEKz:http://www.elsevierimages.com/images/vpv/000/000/028/28948-0550x0475.jpg)
![](http://msp.c.yimg.jp/image?q=tbn:ANd9GcQIJ9EDrjdrneARdcvNW1RfQkb_y0mZV62WfTJspg6l9Oy5_S49tohIKG8:http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-B6JTaicuGok/TiGYB6dqMiI/AAAAAAAAALg/8m34kZE3HVE/s1600/image001.gif)
![](http://msp.c.yimg.jp/image?q=tbn:ANd9GcSTqO_U7PGHtNMk1rkPLeZH4zxK_hLybe4S1rhvWtwSBH_7FzlSOzR7DDr-:http://gut.bmj.com/content/56/7/949/F3.large.jpg)
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- antiemetic drug, antiemetic,antiemetic drugs, antinauseant
- 同
- 制吐薬 "鎮吐"の方が一般的らしい
- 関
- 薬理学、鎮吐薬一覧、セロトニン受容体、嘔吐
抗セロトニン薬
GOO. 1000-
嘔吐が起こるのは
①嘔吐中枢
延髄、網様体背外側部
②chemoreceptor trigger zone(CTz)
第4脳室
ジキタリスが刺激
中枢性嘔吐:嘔吐中枢とCTzを刺激
反射性嘔吐:消化管→求心路→嘔吐中枢
抗ガン剤投与時に起きる吐き気の機序
①血中に入った抗ガン剤が直接CTzを刺激
②抗癌剤により腸管細胞(enterochromaffin cell)から化学神経伝達物質が生産され、CTzを経てあるいは直接嘔吐中枢に作用する。
中枢神経終末にある5-HT3受容体を介して嘔吐が起こる
[★]
- 英
- enterochromaffin cell
- 同
- 消化管内分泌細胞、腸クローム親和性細胞、腸クロム親和細胞
- 関
- クローム親和性細胞、セロトニン
- 生体内の全セロトニン量の90%は消化管粘膜の腸クロム親和性細胞で生合成されている。
- 消化管の生理機能と関連
[★]
- 英
- enterochromaffin cell
- 関
- 腸クロム親和性細胞、銀親和細胞
[★]
[★]
細胞