腸クロム親和性の、エンテロクロマフィン

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/13 05:25:41」(JST)

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Enterochromaffin (EC) cells , or "Kulchitsky cells", are a type of enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cell^[1] occurring in the epithelia lining the lumen of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract.

Function

They contain about 90% of the body's store of serotonin (5-HT).^[2]

In the gastrointestinal tract, 5-HT is important in response to chemical, mechanical or pathological stimuli in the lumen. It activates both secretory and peristaltic reflexes, and activates vagal afferents (via 5-HT₃ receptors) that signal to the brain (important in the generation of nausea). Ondansetron is an antagonist of the 5-HT₃ receptor and is an effective anti-emetic.

They are stimulated by gastrin, a molecule that is produced at the antrum of the stomach by G cells.

Origin

The enterochromaffin cells are derived from the same stem cells as the rest of the epithelium, and are not derived from the migratory neural crest source that provides the enteric nervous system. ^[3]

Etymology

They are called "entero"^[4] meaning related to the gut and "chromaffin" because of a chromium salt reaction that they share with chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (adrenal glands). ^[5]

"Enterochromaffin-like cells"

Another population of chromaffin cells is found only in the stomach wall, called enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL). They look like EC cells but do not contain 5-HT.

ECL cells respond to gastrin released by G-cells and they release histamine, which will stimulate the parietal cells to produce gastric acid.

Pathophysiology

The neuroendocrine progenitors to enterochromaffin cells in the bronchial epithelium have been implicated in the origin of small cell lung cancer. ^[6]

References

^ Enterochromaffin Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Josef Donnerer; Fred Lembeck (2006). The chemical languages of the nervous system: history of scientists and substances. Karger Publishers. pp. 161–. ISBN 978-3-8055-8004-5. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
^ Thompson M, Fleming KA, Evans DJ, Fundele R, Surani MA, Wright NA (October 1990). "Gastric endocrine cells share a clonal origin with other gut cell lineages". Development 110 (2): 477–81. PMID 2133551.
^ Entero- definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
^ 1516961798 at GPnotebook
^ eMedicine - Lung Cancer, Small Cell : Article by Abid Irshad

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1. 胃酸分泌の生理学 physiology of gastric acid secretion
2. カルチノイド腫瘍の臨床的特徴 clinical characteristics of carcinoid tumors
3. 気管支カルチノイド腫瘍：疫学、危険因子、分類、組織学的検査、診断、および病期分類 bronchial carcinoid tumors epidemiology risk factors classification histology diagnosis and staging
4. 大型の胃粘膜ひだ：過形成および非過形成性の胃疾患 large gastric folds hyperplastic and nonhyperplastic gastropathies
5. 多発性内分泌腫瘍1型：定義および遺伝学 multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 definition and genetics

English Journal

Functional anatomy and physiology of gastric secretion.

Schubert ML1.
Current opinion in gastroenterology.Curr Opin Gastroenterol.2015 Nov;31(6):479-85. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000213.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the past year's literature regarding the neuroendocrine and intracellular regulation of gastric acid secretion, discussing both basic and clinical aspects.RECENT FINDINGS: Gastric acid facilitates the digestion of protein as well as the absorption of iron, c
PMID 26376477

Anesthetic management of patients undergoing resection of carcinoid metastasis to the brain.

Welch TL1, Pasternak JJ2, Lanier WL1.
Journal of clinical anesthesia.J Clin Anesth.2015 Sep 26. pii: S0952-8180(15)00263-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.08.014. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Carcinoid tumors are derived from enterochromaffin cells and may release physiologically active compounds into the systemic circulation, leading to the development of carcinoid syndrome. Occasionally, these tumors metastasize to the brain, warranting biopsy or resection. In these surgica
PMID 26422777

Sex-related differences in small intestinal transit and serotonin dynamics in high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice.

France M1, Skorich E1, Kadrofske M2, Swain GM1,3, Galligan JJ1,4.
Experimental physiology.Exp Physiol.2015 Sep 18. doi: 10.1113/EP085427. [Epub ahead of print]
NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study Are the sex differences in the effects of obesity on serotonin signaling mechanisms in the small intestine What is the main finding and its importance We demonstrate that small intestinal transit is altered in male and female obese mice. We
PMID 26381722