成乳
WordNet
- exploit as much as possible; "I am milking this for all its worth"
- add milk to; "milk the tea"
- take milk from female mammals; "Cows need to be milked every morning"
- a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings
- any of several nutritive milklike liquids
- produced by mammary glands of female mammals for feeding their young
- capable of withstanding wear and tear and decay; "durable denim jeans" (同)long-wearing
- very long lasting; "less durable rocks were gradually worn away to form valleys"; "the perdurable granite of the ancient Appalachian spine of the continent" (同)indestructible, perdurable, undestroyable
- existing for a long time; "hopes for a durable peace"; "a long-lasting friendship" (同)lasting, long-lasting, long-lived
- a Cypriot monetary unit equal to one thousandth of a pound
- a unit of length equal to one thousandth of an inch; used to specify thickness (e.g., of sheets or wire)
- an angular unit used in artillery; equal to 1/6400 of a complete revolution
- the syllable naming the third (mediant) note of any major scale in solmization
- a river that rises in the Rockies in northwestern Montana and flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River (同)Milk River
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (雌の哺乳(ほにゅう)動物が分泌する)乳,(特に食料としての)『牛乳』,『ミルク』 / (植物の)乳汁,乳剤,乳液 / 〈牛など〉‘の'乳をしぼる / 〈情報など〉‘を'引き出す;(…を)〈人〉‘から'しぼり取る《+『名』+『of』+『名』》 / (毒を)〈蛇〉‘から'抜き取る《+『名』+『of』+『名』》 / 〈牛などが〉乳を出す
- 耐久力のある,もちのよい / 永く続く
- ミル(1000分の1インチ)
- ミ(全音階の第3音)
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Factors influencing dairy calf and replacement heifer mortality in France.
- Raboisson D1, Maigne E2, Sans P3, Allaire G2, Cahuzac E2.Author information 1Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), UMR1225, Interaction Hôte Agent Pathogène (IHAP), 31076, Toulouse, France; INRA, US0685, Observatoire du Développement Durable (ODR), 31326, Auzeville, France; INRA, UMR1225, IHAP, 31076, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: d.raboisson@envt.fr.2INRA, US0685, Observatoire du Développement Durable (ODR), 31326, Auzeville, France.3Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France; INRA, UR1303, Alimentation et Sciences Sociales (ALISS), 94205, Ivry-sur-Seine, France.AbstractHerd-level risk factors for dairy calf and heifer mortality in France were identified by calculating herd-level variables (including mortality risk or rate) using the National Bovine Identification Database (2005 and 2006). Eleven dairy production areas representing different livestock systems were also included. Statistical analyses were based on a probit model (mortality risk or rate=0 or >0) and a linear model (mortality risk or rate >0) corrected by the sample bias Heckman method. The same associations were reported for 2005 and 2006. The mortality risks or rates for calves and heifers were positively associated with the proportion of purchased cows or being a Milk Control Program member and negatively associated with adhering to the Good Breeding Practices charter and having an autumn calving peak. The associations between mortality and the breeds or the production areas were positive or negative, depending on the classes of animal. Mortality and having a beef herd in addition to the dairy herd were negatively associated for noncrossed birth to 2-d-old calves, noncrossed 3-d- to 1-mo-old calves, and 3-d- to 1-mo-old heifers. Having a beef herd probably provides specific know-how related to newborn and young calf management that makes it easier to attain low mortality in pure-breed dairy calves. The proportion of males born was positively associated with mortality for the birth to 2-d-old calves (all classes) and for the 3-d- to 1-mo-old beef-crossed calves, but negatively for all classes of heifers. This indicates that heifer management was improved when the availability of newborn heifers decreased, resulting in low mortality. This lower mortality is apparent for all classes of heifers present on the farm during the year when the proportion of males was low, and demonstrates an anticipatory effect. In conclusion, this study shows that the presence of a beef herd in addition to the dairy herd within a farm is associated with decreased dairy calf mortality. It also shows that heifer mortality decreases when the proportion of heifers born decreased. These determinants of dairy calf and heifer mortality are of great importance for farmer advisors, the dairy industry, and the political decision makers.
- Journal of dairy science.J Dairy Sci.2014 Jan;97(1):202-11. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6847. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
- Herd-level risk factors for dairy calf and heifer mortality in France were identified by calculating herd-level variables (including mortality risk or rate) using the National Bovine Identification Database (2005 and 2006). Eleven dairy production areas representing different livestock systems were
- PMID 24239069
- Blocking Babesia bovis vaccine reactions of dairy cattle in milk.
- Combrink MP, Carr G, Mans BJ, Marais F.Author information Parasites, Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Programme, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute. combrinkm@arc.agric.za.AbstractThe use of 1.16 mg/kg (one third) of the recommended dose of diminazene aceturate, administered indiscriminately to cattle on day seven of the unfrozen Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina bivalent live blood vaccine reaction, was an infection and block treatment method of immunisation used successfully with no known adverse effect on the parasites or the development of protective immunity. Continuing with this practice after replacement of the unfrozen vaccine with deep-frozen monovalent B. bovis and B. bigemina live blood vaccines resulted in reports of vaccine failure. Laboratory investigation indicated the harmful effect of block treatment in preventing the development of durable immunity against B. bigemina as opposed to the much lesser effect it had on B. bovis. Consequently the practice was no longer recommended. A B. bovis vaccination attempt aimed at controlling the disease of dairy cows in milk (n = 30) resulted in 20% fatalities during the expected vaccine reaction period. The practice of block treating B. bovis was therefore reinvestigated, this time in a field trial using dairy cattle in milk (n = 11). Using 0.88 mg/kg (one quarter) of the recommended dose of diminazene administered on day 12 of the B. bovis vaccine reaction resulted in only two animals (n = 5) testing ≥ 1/80 positive with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) although parasites could be demonstrated in three. In the untreated control group, by contrast, five of the vaccinated animals (n = 6) tested ≥ 1/80 positive with IFAT and parasites could be demonstrated in all. The unsatisfactory outcome obtained in this study, combined with that of the earlier investigation, indicated that there are more factors that influence successful vaccination than previously considered. It is therefore concluded that block treatment of the live frozen South African cattle babesiosis vaccines reactions is not recommended.
- The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research.Onderstepoort J Vet Res.2012 Dec 6;79(1):E1-4. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v79i1.491.
- The use of 1.16 mg/kg (one third) of the recommended dose of diminazene aceturate, administered indiscriminately to cattle on day seven of the unfrozen Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina bivalent live blood vaccine reaction, was an infection and block treatment method of immunisation used success
- PMID 23327323
- Effects of commercially available soy products on PSA in androgen-deprivation-naïve and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
- Joshi M, Agostino NM, Gingrich R, Drabick JJ.Author information Division of Hematology/Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA. mjoshi@psu.hmc.eduAbstractOBJECTIVE: No standard therapeutic option exists for men with prostate cancer who have failed local therapy, have no gross metastatic disease, and whose only manifestation of disease is a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Soy products are able to affect PSA kinetics in some men with prostate cancer, and this effect has been attributed to the decreased expression of the androgen receptor and other mechanisms.
- Southern medical journal.South Med J.2011 Nov;104(11):736-40. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3182335151.
- OBJECTIVE: No standard therapeutic option exists for men with prostate cancer who have failed local therapy, have no gross metastatic disease, and whose only manifestation of disease is a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Soy products are able to affect PSA kinetics in some men with pros
- PMID 22024780
Japanese Journal
- 寒冷刺激によって起る乳房痛の機序:寒冷疝痛 (寒疝) の発現機序の参考として
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★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- mature milk, durable milk, normal milk
- 同
- 成熟乳
- 関
- 母乳、初乳
[show details]
初乳と成乳との比較
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- 関
- durability、endurance、enduring、permanence、permanent
[★]
- mi-, mio-
- ？
- MI
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