WordNet

without a mucous or watery discharge; "a dry cough"; "that rare thing in the wintertime; a small child with a dry nose"
become dry or drier; "The laundry dries in the sun" (同)dry out
remove the moisture from and make dry; "dry clothes"; "dry hair" (同)dry out
a reformer who opposes the use of intoxicating beverages (同)prohibitionist
humorously sarcastic or mocking; "dry humor"; "an ironic remark often conveys an intended meaning obliquely"; "an ironic novel"; "an ironical smile"; "with a wry Scottish wit" (同)ironic, ironical, wry
lacking interest or stimulation; dull and lifeless; "a dry book"; "a dry lecture filled with trivial details"; "dull and juiceless as only book knowledge can be when it is unrelated to...life"- John Mason Brown (同)juiceless
practicing complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages; "hes been dry for ten years"; "no thank you; I happen to be teetotal" (同)teetotal
(of food) eaten without a spread or sauce or other garnish; "dry toast"; "dry meat"
(of liquor) having a low residual sugar content because of decomposition of sugar during fermentation; "a dry white burgundy"; "a dry Bordeaux"
free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet; "dry land"; "dry clothes"; "a dry climate"; "dry splintery boards"; "a dry river bed"; "the paint is dry"
having a large proportion of strong liquor; "a very dry martini is almost straight gin"
having no adornment or coloration; "dry facts"; "rattled off the facts in a dry mechanical manner"
lacking moisture or volatile components; "dry paint"
lacking warmth or emotional involvement; "a dry greeting"; "a dry reading of the lines"; "a dry critique"
not producing milk; "a dry cow"
not shedding tears; "dry sobs"; "with dry eyes"
opposed to or prohibiting the production and sale of alcoholic beverages; "the dry vote led by preachers and bootleggers"; "a dry state"
unproductive especially of the expected results; "a dry run"; "a mind dry of new ideas"
used of solid substances in contrast with liquid ones; "dry weight"
a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized (同)pulverization, pulverisation
apply powder to; "She powdered her nose"; "The King wears a powdered wig"
any of various cosmetic or medical preparations dispensed in the form of a pulverized powder
draw deep into the lungs in by breathing; "Clinton smoked marijuana but never inhaled"
draw in (air); "Inhale deeply"; "inhale the fresh mountain air"; "The patient has trouble inspiring"; "The lung cancer patient cannot inspire air very well" (同)inspire, breathe in
a dispenser that produces a chemical vapor to be inhaled in order to relieve nasal congestion (同)inhalator
consisting of fine particles; "powdered cellulose"; "powdery snow"; "pulverized sugar is prepared from granulated sugar by grinding" (同)powdery, pulverized, pulverised, small-grained, fine-grained

PrepTutorEJDIC

『乾いた』,乾燥した / 『雨の降らない』,日照り続きの / 水のかれた,干上がった / (家畜などが)乳の出ない / 涙の出ない / 液状でない,固形の / のどが乾く,のどが乾いた / (パンが)バター(ジャム)などのついていない;(パン・ケーキが)古い,固くなった / ありのままの,飾りけのない,そっけない / (ユーモア・皮肉などが)さりげない / (ぶどう酒などが)辛口の / 禁酒の,禁酒法実施の / …‘を'『乾かす』《+『名』+『up,』+『up』+『名』》 / (手ぬぐい・ハンカチなどで)〈手・足など〉‘を'ぬぐう,ふく《+『名』+『with』(『on』)+『名』》 / (保存のために)〈食物〉‘を'乾燥させる / 『乾く』,〈水が〉かれる《+『up』(『out』)》
〈U〉〈C〉『粉』,粉末 / 〈U〉おしろい / 〈U〉〈C〉粉薬 / 〈U〉火薬,爆薬(gunpowder) / 〈U〉粉雪 / …‘を'粉にする / (粉などを)…‘に'ふりかける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈顔など〉‘に'おしろいをつける / 粉になる / おしろいをつける
〈空気など〉‘を'吸い込む / 息(たばこの煙)を吸い込む
(薬などの)吸入器 / [人工]呼吸器 / 吸入する人
粉に覆われた / 粉末状の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/12 16:49:02」(JST)

wiki en

commonly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and COPD although DPIs have also been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.^[1]

DPIs are an alternative to the aerosol based inhalers commonly called metered-dose inhaler (or MDI). The DPIs may require some procedure to allow a measured dose of powder to be ready for the patient to take. The medication is commonly held either in a capsule for manual loading or a proprietary form from inside the inhaler. Once loaded or actuated, the operator puts the mouthpiece of the inhaler into their mouth and takes a deep inhalation, holding their breath for 5-10 seconds. There are a variety of such devices. The dose that can be delivered is typically less than a few tens of milligrams in a single breath since larger powder doses may lead to provocation of cough.

Most DPIs rely on the force of patient inhalation to entrain powder from the device and subsequently break-up the powder into particles that are small enough to reach the lungs.^[2] For this reason, insufficient patient inhalation flow rates may lead to reduced dose delivery and incomplete deaggregation of the powder, leading to unsatisfactory device performance. Thus, most DPIs have a minimum inspiratory effort that is needed for proper use and it is for this reason that such DPIs are normally used only in older children and adults.

Lactose

Some powder inhalers use lactose as bulking agent and to aid in powder uptake from the device during inhalation. While some have suggested that such lactose may be harmful to lactose intolerant people,^[3] the lactose dose delivered by dry powder inhalers is typically less than a few milligrams and such doses do not lead to clinically relevant concerns of adverse effects in lactose intolerant patients.

Storage

DPI medication must be stored in a dry place in a temperature of not more than 25°c and humidity between 40-50% in a sealed packaging, since exposure of the powder to moisture degrades the ability of the device to disperse its medication as a fine powder upon inhalation.and in some medication needed photo protective .

References

^ "Exubera Prescribing Information (PDF)". Pfizer. April 2008. http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2006/021868mg.pdf. Retrieved 2009-02-27.^{[dead link]}
^ Finlay, Warren H. (2001). The mechanics of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols: an introduction. Boston: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-256971-7.
^ Changes in Inhaler Devices for Asthma And COPD - Health - RedOrbit

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における吸入剤の到達 delivery of inhaled medication in adults
2. 成人における吸入器の使用 the use of inhaler devices in adults
3. 小児における吸入器の使用 the use of inhaler devices in children
4. 吸入ステロイドの主な副作用 major side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids
5. 12歳未満の小児における慢性喘息：持続性喘息の治療およびコントロール薬 asthma in children younger than 12 years treatment of persistent asthma with controller medications

English Journal

Inhalation of a dry powder ciprofloxacin formulation in healthy subjects: a phase I study.

Stass H, Nagelschmitz J, Willmann S, Delesen H, Gupta A, Baumann S.SourceBayer Pharma AG, Clinical Pharmacology, Bldg 470, Room 219, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany, heino.stass@bayer.com.
Clinical drug investigation.Clin Drug Investig.2013 Jun;33(6):419-27. doi: 10.1007/s40261-013-0082-0.
BACKGROUND: Oral and intravenous formulations of ciprofloxacin have established efficacy and safety profiles in respiratory infections. A dry powder for inhalation (DPI) that uses Novartis' PulmoSphere™ technology has been developed to deliver high concentrations of ciprofloxacin to the lung with
PMID 23605507

Aclidinium bromide for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Cazzola M, Page CP, Matera MG.SourceUniversity of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Department of System Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Clinical Pharmacology , Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome , Italy mario.cazzola@uniroma2.it.
Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy.Expert Opin Pharmacother.2013 Jun;14(9):1205-14. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.789021. Epub 2013 Apr 9.
Introduction: Although there are some challenges with current therapies, the growing evidence that tiotropium bromide is important in the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has led to enthusiastic investigation in search of novel muscarinic antagonists which share
PMID 23566013

In Vitro Tests for Aerosol Deposition. III: Effect of Inhaler Insertion Angle on Aerosol Deposition.

Delvadia RR, Longest PW, Hindle M, Byron PR.Source1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA.
Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery.J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv.2013 Jun;26(3):145-56. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2012.0989. Epub 2012 Oct 1.
Abstract Background: Inhaler orientation with respect to a patient's mouth may be an important variable determining the efficiency of aerosol lung delivery. The effect of insertion angle on regional deposition was evaluated for a series of inhalers using concurrent in vitro and computational fluid d
PMID 23025452