錐体前索路
- 関
- anterior pyramidal tract
WordNet
- straightforward in means or manner or behavior or language or action; "a direct question"; "a direct response"; "a direct approach"
- having no intervening persons, agents, conditions; "in direct sunlight"; "in direct contact with the voters"; "direct exposure to the disease"; "a direct link"; "the direct cause of the accident"; "direct vote" (同)unmediated
- in precisely the same words used by a writer or speaker; "a direct quotation"; "repeated their dialog verbatim" (同)verbatim
- (of a current) flowing in one direction only; "direct current"
- be in charge of
- being an immediate result or consequence; "a direct result of the accident"
- command with authority; "He directed the children to do their homework"
- direct in spatial dimensions; proceeding without deviation or interruption; straight and short; "a direct route"; "a direct flight"; "a direct hit"
- give directions to; point somebody into a certain direction; "I directed them towards the town hall"
- guide the actors in (plays and films)
- lacking compromising or mitigating elements; exact; "the direct opposite"
- moving from west to east on the celestial sphere; or--for planets--around the sun in the same direction as the Earth
- similar in nature or effect or relation to another quantity; "a term is in direct proportion to another term if it increases (or decreases) as the other increases (or decreases)"
- use or deal in (as of stock or commercial transaction) in a pyramid deal
- (stock market) a series of transactions in which the speculator increases his holdings by using the rising market value of those holdings as margin for further purchases
- a polyhedron having a polygonal base and triangular sides with a common vertex
- increase rapidly and progressively step by step on a broad base
- arrange or build up as if on the base of a pyramid
- enlarge ones holdings on an exchange on a continued rise by using paper profits as margin to buy additional amounts
- a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet (同)pamphlet
- an extended area of land (同)piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel
- a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
- a drawing created by superimposing a semitransparent sheet of paper on the original image and copying on it the lines of the original image (同)trace
- the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline
- the discovery and description of the course of development of something; "the tracing of genealogies"
- resembling a pyramid (同)pyramidic, pyramidical
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『まっすぐな』,一直線の(straight),直進する / (列車などが途中駅に寄らずに)直行 / 直系の / 『直接の』,じかの / 『率直な』,単刀直入の / 全くの,絶対の / 原典どおりの / 『まっすぐに』,直行で / 〈事〉‘を'『指揮する』,監督する / 《文》〈人〉‘に'『命令する』,指図する / 〈人〉‘に'(…への)『道を教える』《+『名』〈人〉+『to』+『名』》 / (…に)〈目・注意・努力など〉‘を'『向ける』《+『名』+『to』(『at, toward』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈音楽・演劇・映画など〉‘を'『指揮する』,演出する,監督する / (…に)〈手紙など〉‘を'あてる《+『名』+『to』+『名』》
- (エジプト・メキシコなどの)『ピラミッド』 / ピラミッド形の物 / (幾何の)角錐(かくすい) / ピラミッド形になる / 〈物価などが〉上昇する,増加する / …‘を'ピラミッド形にする(積み上げる)
- 広大な土地(地域),(土地・海・空などの)広がり《+of+名》 / (器官の)管,(神経の)索
- (おもに宗教・政治などの宣伝用の)小冊子,パンフレット
- 跡を追うこと,追跡;透写,複写 / 〈C〉 / 透写(複写)によってできたもの(地図・図案など),透写図
- ピラミッド[状]の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/05 10:36:24」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Anterior corticospinal tract |
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Anterior corticospinal tract seen in red at bottom center in figure (text tag found at upper-left).
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Decussation of pyramids. Scheme showing passage of various fasciculi from medulla spinalis to medulla oblongata. a. Pons. b. Medulla oblongata. c. Decussation of the pyramids. d. Section of cervical part of medulla spinalis. 1. Anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus (in red). 2. Lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (in red). 3. Sensory tract (fasciculi gracilis et cuneatus) (in blue). 3’. Gracile and cuneate nuclei. 4. Antero-lateral proper fasciculus (in dotted line). 5. Pyramid. 6. Lemniscus. 7. Medial longitudinal fasciculus. 8. Ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus (in blue). 9. Dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (in yellow).
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| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
tractus corticospinalis anterior, fasciculus cerebrospinalis anterior |
| NeuroLex ID |
Ventral corticospinal tract |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
t_15/12816937 |
| TA |
A14.1.02.205 |
| FMA |
73959 |
| Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
|
The anterior corticospinal tract (also called the ventral corticospinal tract, "Bundle of Turk", medial corticospinal tract, direct pyramidal tract, or anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus) is a small bundle of descending fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Descending tracts are pathways by which motor signals are sent from the brain to lower motor neurons which then directly innervate muscle to produce movement. The anterior corticospinal tract is usually small, varying inversely in size with the lateral corticospinal tract, which is the main part of the corticospinal tract.
It lies close to the anterior median fissure, and is present only in the upper part of the medulla spinalis; gradually diminishing in size as it descends, it ends about the middle of the thoracic region.
It consists of descending fibers that arise from cells in the motor area of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. The impulse travels from these upper motor neurons (located in the pre-central gyrus of the brain) through the anterior column. The pathway decussates in the spinal cord and then synapses at the anterior horn with the lower motor neuron which then synapses with the target muscle at the motor end plate. Similar to the lateral corticospinal tract, the anterior corticospinal tract innervates muscles involved in fine control of the limbs.
A few of its fibers pass to the lateral column of the same side and to the gray matter at the base of the posterior column.[citation needed]
Additional images
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- Saladin, Kenneth S. "The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes." Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. N. pag. Print.
External links
- hier-799 at NeuroNames
- 745209857 at GPnotebook
- Overview at thebrain.mcgill.ca
- http://teachmeanatomy.info/neuro/pathways/descending-tracts-motor/
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Anatomy of the medulla
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| Grey matter |
| Cranial nuclei |
| afferent: |
- Solitary nucleus
- tract
- Dorsal respiratory group
- Gustatory nucleus
- Vestibular nuclei
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| efferent: |
- Hypoglossal nucleus
- Nucleus ambiguus
- Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
- Inferior salivatory nucleus
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| Dorsal |
- Gracile nucleus
- Cuneate nucleus
- Accessory cuneate nucleus
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| Ventral |
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- Ventral respiratory group
- Arcuate nucleus of medulla
- Rostral ventromedial medulla
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| White matter |
| Dorsal |
- Sensory
- Sensory decussation
- Medial lemniscus
- Juxtarestiform body
- Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Motor
- Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
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| Ventral |
- Descending tracts
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Rubro-olivary tract
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| Surface |
| Front |
- Pyramid
- decussation
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Olive
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| Back |
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
- Area postrema
- Vagal trigone
- Hypoglossal trigone
- Medial eminence
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
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| Grey |
- Reticular formation
- Gigantocellular
- Parvocellular
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Paramedian
- Raphe nuclei
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The spinal cord
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| General features |
- Cervical enlargement
- Lumbar enlargement
- Conus medullaris
- Filum terminale
- Cauda equina
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| Grey matter |
| Posterior grey column |
- Marginal nucleus
- Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
- Nucleus proprius
- Spinal lamina V
- Spinal lamina VI
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| Lateral grey column |
- Intermediolateral nucleus
- Posterior thoracic nucleus
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| Anterior grey column |
- Interneuron
- Alpha motor neuron
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| Other |
- Rexed laminae
- Central gelatinous substance
- Gray commissure
- Central canal
- Terminal ventricle
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| White matter |
| Sensory |
| Posterior |
- Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway:
- Gracile
- Cuneate
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| Lateral: |
- Spinocerebellar
- Spinothalamic
- Posterolateral
- Spinotectal
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- Spinoreticular tract
- Spino-olivary tract
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| Motor |
| Lateral |
- Corticospinal
- Extrapyramidal
- Rubrospinal
- Olivospinal
- Raphespinal
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| Anterior |
- Corticospinal
- Extrapyramidal
- Vestibulospinal
- Reticulospinal
- Tectospinal
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| Both |
- Anterior white commissure
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| External features |
- Ventral
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Dorsal
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
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Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
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Sensory/
ascending |
| PCML |
| 1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
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| 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
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| 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
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Anterolateral/
pain |
| Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
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| Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
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Motor/
descending |
| Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
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| Extrapyramidal |
| flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
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| flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
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- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
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| Basal ganglia |
| direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
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| indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
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| nigrostriatal pathway: |
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| Cerebellar |
| Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
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| Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
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Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
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| Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Combined motor cortex and spinal cord neuromodulation promotes corticospinal system functional and structural plasticity and motor function after injury.
- Song W1, Amer A1, Ryan D1, Martin JH2.
- Experimental neurology.Exp Neurol.2016 Mar;277:46-57. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.12.008. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
- An important strategy for promoting voluntary movements after motor system injury is to harness activity-dependent corticospinal tract (CST) plasticity. We combine forelimb motor cortex (M1) activation with co-activation of its cervical spinal targets in rats to promote CST sprouting and skilled lim
- PMID 26708732
- Functional neuroanatomy of amygdalohippocampal interconnections and their role in learning and memory.
- McDonald AJ1, Mott DD1.
- Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2016 Feb 14. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23709. [Epub ahead of print]
- The amygdalar nuclear complex and hippocampal/parahippocampal region are key components of the limbic system that play a critical role in emotional learning and memory. This Review discusses what is currently known about the neuroanatomy and neurotransmitters involved in amygdalo-hippocampal interco
- PMID 26876924
- [Diffusion tensor imaging tractography and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in surgery of intracranial tumors located near the pyramidal tract].
- Zhukov VY1, Goryaynov SA1, Ogurtsova AA1, Ageev IS2, Protskiy SV3, Pronin IN1, Tonoyan AS1, Kobyakov GL1, Nenashev EA4, Smirnov AS1, Batalov AI1, Potapov AA1.
- Zhurnal voprosy neĭrokhirurgii imeni N. N. Burdenko.Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko.2016;80(1):5-18.
- in
English, RussianВнедрение в практику методов прижизненного исследования проводящих путей головного мозга, таких как предоперационная диффузионно-тензорная трактог�
Japanese Journal
- Double-edged Sword in the Placement of Carmustine (BCNU) Wafers along the Eloquent Area: A Case Report
- Double-edged Sword in the Placement of Carmustine (BCNU) Wafers along the Eloquent Area: A Case Report
- 脳神経外科ジャーナル = Japanese journal of neurosurgery 21(12), 937-942, 2012-12-20
- NAID 10031131663
Related Links
- Information about Direct pyramidal tract in Free online English dictionary. What is Direct pyramidal tract? Meaning of Direct pyramidal tract medical term. What does Direct pyramidal tract mean? Direct pyramidal tract - definition ...
- Direct pyramidal tract information including symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues. ... Introduction: Direct pyramidal tract Description of Direct pyramidal tract Direct pyramidal ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
錐体前索路
- 関
- direct pyramidal tract
[★]
- 指示する、向ける、指揮する、方向づける、指導する、配向する
- 関
- coach、conduct、dictate、direction、directly、guidance、guide、immediate、indicate、indication、instruct、instruction、orient、orientation、point、straightforward、tutorial
[★]
錐体路
- 関
- corticobulbar tract、corticospinal tract、pyramidal、pyramidal decussation、pyramidal system
[★]
- 関
- cone、petrosal、pyramid、pyramidal system、pyramidal tract
[★]
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- chase、follow up、follow-up、pursue、pursuit、trace
[★]
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- 虫部錐体、錐体