WordNet

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; "a difficult task"; "nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access"; "difficult times"; "why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?" (同)hard
membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi (同)windpipe
one of the tubules forming the respiratory system of most insects and many arachnids
relating to or resembling or functioning like a trachea

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1. 気管切開の概要 overview of tracheostomy
2. 気管支肺異形成症の合併症および長期の肺の転帰 complications and long term pulmonary outcomes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
3. 長期間の機械的人工換気を要する患者のマネージメントおよび予後 management and prognosis of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation
4. 人工心肺（CPB）からの離脱 weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass cpb
5. 経気管酸素療法 transtracheal oxygen therapy

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome revealing a cervical bronchogenic cyst: a case report.

Thaller P1, Blanchet C2, Badr M3, Mesnage R4, Leboucq N5, Mondain M6, Cambonie G7.
BMC pediatrics.BMC Pediatr.2015 Jun 27;15:72. doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0363-2.
BACKGROUND: Bronchogenic cyst is a congenital malformation, rarely located in the cervical region and almost never involved in a neonate with acute respiratory distress in the delivery room.CASE PRESENTATION: A female newborn with respiratory distress syndrome caused by a large left cervical mass. I
PMID 26112048

A persistent tracheocutaneous fistula closed with two hinged skin flaps and rib cartilage interpositional grafting.

Caronia FP1, Fiorelli A, Santini M, Castorina S.
General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.2015 Feb 10. [Epub ahead of print]
Persistent tracheal fistula after tracheostomy decannulation is a recognized sequel to long-term tracheostomy use, causing important morbidity including difficult to vocalization and control of air secretions, recurrent pulmonary infections, and cosmetic and social problems. Herein, we reported a ne
PMID 25877833

Jennings RW1, Hamilton TE2, Smithers CJ2, Ngerncham M3, Feins N2, Foker JE4.
Journal of pediatric surgery.J Pediatr Surg.2014 Jan;49(1):66-70; discussion 70-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.09.036. Epub 2013 Oct 16.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes among three different surgical approaches for performing an aortopexy to treat severe tracheomalacia (STM).METHODS: A retrospective review was performed for all patients who underwent an aortopexy by pediatric surgeons at a single inst
PMID 24439583