WordNet

give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; "cause a commotion"; "make a stir"; "cause an accident" (同)do, make
a justification for something existing or happening; "he had no cause to complain"; "they had good reason to rejoice" (同)reason, grounds
events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something; "they are trying to determine the cause of the crash"
so as to pass a given point; "every hour a train goes past" (同)past
an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological
of or relating to diarrhea (同)diarrhoeal, diarrhetic, diarrhoetic, diarrheic, diarrhoeic

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『原因』,起因;〈C〉原因となる人(物事) / 〈U〉『正当な理由』,根拠,動機 / 《the~》(…という)(身を捧げるべき)主義,主張,目的《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉訴訟[の理由];申し立て / …'を'『原因となる』,'を'引き起こす,もたらす(bring about)
《場時・位置》…『のそばに』,の近くに;…の手もとに / 《経路・通過》…を経由して,を通って,のそばを通って / 《期限・期間》…『までに』,『の間に』 / 《根拠・理由》…『によって』,に従って,に基づいて / …『を単位として』 / 《差・程度》…だけ / 《手段・方法》…『で』,『によって』,を使って / …が原因で,…の結果 / 《動作を受ける部分を示して》…を,のところを / 《受動態で動作の主体を表して》『…によって』 / …に関しては,については / …に誓って,の名において,にかけて / …ずつ,ごとに,の順番に / 《寸法・乗除》…で;…を / …に対して,のために / 《訪問場所》…に / 『そばに』,近くに / そばを通って / わきへ,取りのけて / 《時の経過》過ぎて
(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 病原性大腸菌 pathogenic escherichia coli
2. 先進国の成人における急性下痢に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with acute diarrhea in developed countries
3. 小児における下痢の評価 evaluation of diarrhea in children
4. 先進国における急性下痢の疫学および原因 epidemiology and causes of acute diarrhea in developed countries
5. 成人における血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病-溶血性尿毒症症候群の原因 causes of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura hemolytic uremic syndrome in adults

English Journal

Evaluation of Luminex xTAG gastrointestinal pathogen analyte-specific reagents for high-throughput, simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of clinical and public health importance.

Navidad JF, Griswold DJ, Gradus MS, Bhattacharyya S.Author information City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.AbstractAcute diarrheal disease (ADD) can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, microscopy, biochemical assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), are laborious and time-consuming and lack sensitivity. Combined, the array of tests performed on a single specimen can increase the turnaround time (TAT) significantly. We validated a 19plex laboratory-developed gastrointestinal pathogen panel (GPP) using Luminex xTAG analyte-specific reagents (ASRs) to simultaneously screen directly in fecal specimens for diarrhea-causing pathogens, including bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli [ETEC], Shiga toxin-producing E. coli [STEC], E. coli O157:H7, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and toxigenic Clostridium difficile), parasites (Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba histolytica), and viruses (norovirus GI and GII, adenovirus 40/41, and rotavirus A). Performance characteristics of GPP ASRs were determined using 48 reference isolates and 254 clinical specimens. Stool specimens from individuals with diarrhea were tested for pathogens using conventional and molecular methods. Using the predictive methods as standards, the sensitivities of the GPP ASRs were 100% for adenovirus 40/41, norovirus, rotavirus A, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and E. coli O157:H7; 95% for Giardia lamblia; 94% for ETEC and STEC; 93% for Shigella spp.; 92% for Salmonella spp.; 91% for C. difficile A/B toxins; and 90% for Campylobacter jejuni. The overall comparative performance of the GPP ASRs with conventional methods in clinical samples was 94.5% (range, 90% to 97%), with 99% (99.0% to 99.9%) specificity. Implementation of the GPP ASRs enables our public health laboratory to offer highly sensitive and specific screening and identification of the major ADD-causing pathogens.
Journal of clinical microbiology.J Clin Microbiol.2013 Sep;51(9):3018-24. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00896-13. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, microscopy, biochemical assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), are laborious and time-consuming and lack sensitivity. Co
PMID 23850948

A foodborne outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli serotype O169:H41 in Osaka, Japan.

Harada T, Itoh K, Yamaguchi Y, Hirai Y, Kanki M, Kawatsu K, Seto K, Taguchi M, Kumeda Y.Author information Division of Bacteriology, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health.AbstractWe describe our laboratory investigation of a massive foodborne outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) serotype O169:H41 that occurred during a 2-day traditional festival held in September 2012 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Of 126 customers who patronized a particular Japanese restaurant during the event, 102 developed symptoms of gastrointestinal disease. We isolated strains of ETEC serotype O169:H41 from 1 food sample and from fecal samples collected from 19 of 34 patients and 2 of 4 food handlers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of these isolates suggested that the foodborne pathogen that caused the diarrheal outbreak was a specific clone of ETEC serotype O169:H41. Based on these findings and our interviews with the restaurant owner and employees, we concluded that a likely cause of the outbreak was an overwhelmed capacity of the restaurant kitchen in terms of preservation of sanitary procedures during the festival and the inability of the restaurant staff to handle the relatively large quantity of food to ensure a lack of contamination with ETEC. Thus, we reconfirm that ETEC strains of serotype O169:H41 remain important causes of domestic foodborne outbreaks in developed countries, including Japan.
Japanese journal of infectious diseases.Jpn J Infect Dis.2013;66(6):530-3.
We describe our laboratory investigation of a massive foodborne outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) serotype O169:H41 that occurred during a 2-day traditional festival held in September 2012 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Of 126 customers who patronize
PMID 24270144

Characteristics of diarrheal illnesses in non-breast fed infants attending a large urban diarrheal disease hospital in Bangladesh.

Dey SK, Chisti MJ, Das SK, Shaha CK, Ferdous F, Farzana FD, Ahmed S, Malek MA, Faruque AS, Ahmed T, Salam MA.Author information Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.AbstractBACKGROUND: Lack of breast feeding is associated with higher morbidity and case-fatality from both bacterial and viral etiologic diarrheas. However, there is very limited data on the characteristics of non-breastfed infants attending hospital with diarrheal illnesses caused by common bacterial and viral pathogens. Our objective was to assess the impact of lack of breast feeding on diarrheal illnesses in infants living in urban Bangladesh.
PloS one.PLoS One.2013;8(3):e58228. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058228. Epub 2013 Mar 8.
BACKGROUND: Lack of breast feeding is associated with higher morbidity and case-fatality from both bacterial and viral etiologic diarrheas. However, there is very limited data on the characteristics of non-breastfed infants attending hospital with diarrheal illnesses caused by common bacterial and v
PMID 23520496

Japanese Journal

An Outbreak of Foodborne Illness Caused by Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in a High School, South Korea

Shin Jaeseung,Oh Sung-Suk,Oh Kyung-Hwan,Park Ji-Hyuk,Jang Eun Jung,Chung Gyung Tae,Yoo Cheon-Kwon,Bae Geun-Ryang,Cho Seung-Hak
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases advpub(0), 2015
… In June 2013, a diarrheal outbreak occurred among high school students in Incheon, South Korea. … A case-control study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire by local authorities and the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. … coli (EAEC) was isolated from kippered trotters mixed with vegetables and stool samples from 22 cases and 4 asymptomatic food handlers. …
NAID 130005069409

A Foodborne Outbreak of Gastrointestinal Illness Caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Serotype O169:H41 in Osaka, Japan

Harada Tetsuya,Itoh Kaoru,Yamaguchi Yuko [他],Hirai Yuji,Kanki Masashi,Kawatsu Kentaro,Seto Kazuko,Taguchi Masumi,Kumeda Yuko
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 66(6), 530-533, 2013
… We describe our laboratory investigation of a massive foodborne outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) serotype O169:H41 that occurred during a 2-day traditional festival held in September 2012 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. … Of 126 customers who patronized a particular Japanese restaurant during the event, 102 developed symptoms of gastrointestinal disease. …
NAID 130003390335

腸炎ビブリオ性食中毒に関する研究:第2報マウス, モルモツトへの経口投与時の毒性について

山家恒雄
日本傳染病學會雜誌 38(11), 404-412, 1965
… Since the comfirmation of Vibrio parahaemoliticus as a causative organims of food poisoning, the disease entity has been extensively investigated, yet leaving many unsolved questions. … Mice and guinea pigs were not affected by oral administration of the organism. …
NAID 130004126397