WordNet

lower (prices or markets); "The glut of oil depressed gas prices"
lessen the activity or force of; "The rising inflation depressed the economy"
lower someones spirits; make downhearted; "These news depressed her"; "The bad state of her childs health demoralizes her" (同)deject, cast down, get_down, dismay, dispirit, demoralize, demoralise
flattened downward as if pressed from above or flattened along the dorsal and ventral surfaces
lower than previously; "the market is depressed"; "prices are down" (同)down
a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earths crust (同)O, atomic number 8

PrepTutorEJDIC

…‘の'『元気をなくさせる』,‘を'落胆させる / 〈力・活動など〉‘を'弱める,衰えさせる / …‘を'押し下げる,下へ押す / 〈相場・市場など〉‘を'下落させる,不景気にする
元気のない,憂うつな / (力・価値などの)低下した,弱められた / 不景気の,不況の;(特に)貧困にあぇぐ / 押し下げられた;抑圧された
『酸素』(化学記号はO)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児うつ病の治療の概要 overview of treatment for pediatric depression
2. うつ病のスクリーニング screening for depression
3. 成人における単極性うつ病：経頭蓋磁気刺激（TMS）による治療 unipolar depression in adults treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation tms
4. 成人におけるうつ病：ニューロモデュレーション治療の概要 depression in adults overview of neuromodulation procedures
5. 成人における単極性小うつ病：マネージメントおよび治療 unipolar minor depression in adults management and treatment

English Journal

Attenuated effects of Neu2000 on hypoxia-induced synaptic activities in a rat hippocampus.

Noh J, Koh YH, Chung JM.Author information Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.AbstractNeu2000 (NEU; 2-hydroxy-5-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-benzoic acid), a recently developed derivative of acetylsalicylic acid and sulfasalazine, potently protects against neuronal cell death following ischemic brain injury by antagonizing NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal toxicity and oxidative stress. However, it has yet to be determined whether NEU can attenuate hypoxia-induced impairment of neuronal electrical activity. In this study, we carried out extracellular recordings of hippocampal slices in order to investigate the effects of NEU on the electrical activity of neurons exposed to a hypoxic insult (oxygen and glucose deprivation). NEU prominently suppressed hypoxia-induced impairment of neuronal activity in a concentration-dependent manner. NEU, at a low dose (1 μM), competently depressed the hypoxia-induced convulsive activity in a manner similar to trolox. Furthermore, high concentrations of NEU (50 μM) markedly abolished all hypoxia-mediated impairment of neuronal activity and accelerated the slow recovery of neuronal activity more efficiently than ifenprodil and APV. These results suggest that NEU attenuates hypoxia-induced impairment of neuronal activity more potently than the antioxidant, trolox, and the NMDA receptor antagonists, ifenprodil and APV. We propose that NEU is a striking pharmacological candidate for neuroprotection against hypoxia because of its defensive action on hypoxia-mediated impairment of electrical neurotransmission as well as its neuroprotective action against neuronal cell death induced by exposure to pathological hypoxic conditions.
Archives of pharmacal research.Arch Pharm Res.2014 Feb;37(2):232-8. doi: 10.1007/s12272-013-0170-y. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
Neu2000 (NEU; 2-hydroxy-5-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-benzoic acid), a recently developed derivative of acetylsalicylic acid and sulfasalazine, potently protects against neuronal cell death following ischemic brain injury by antagonizing NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal toxici
PMID 23733585

Response to Metronidazole and Oxidative Stress Is Mediated through Homeostatic Regulator HsrA (HP1043) in Helicobacter pylori.

Olekhnovich IN, Vitko S, Valliere M, Hoffman PS.Author information Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.AbstractMetronidazole (MTZ) is often used in combination therapies to treat infections caused by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Resistance to MTZ results from loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding RdxA and FrxA nitroreductases. MTZ-resistant strains, when cultured at sub-MICs of MTZ (5 to 20 μg/ml), show dose-dependent defects in bacterial growth; depressed activities of many Krebs cycle enzymes, including pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR); and low transcript levels of porGDAB (primer extension), phenotypes consistent with an involvement of a transcriptional regulator. Using a combination of protein purification steps, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), and mass spectrometry analyses of proteins bound to porG promoter sequences, we identified HP1043, an essential homeostatic global regulator (HsrA [for homeostatic stress regulator]). Competition EMSAs and supershift analyses with HsrA-enriched protein fractions confirmed specific binding to porGDAB and hsrA promoter sequences. Exposure to MTZ resulted in >10-fold decreases in levels of HsrA and in levels of the HsrA-regulated gene products PFOR and TlpB. Exposure to paraquat (PQ), hydrogen peroxide, or organic peroxides showed near equivalence with MTZ, revealing a common oxidative stress response pathway. Finally, direct superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays showed an inverse relationship between HsrA levels and SOD activity, suggesting that HsrA may serve as a repressor of sodB. As a homeostatic sentinel, HsrA appears to be ideally positioned to enable rapid shutdown of genes associated with metabolism and growth while activating (directly or indirectly) oxidative defense genes in response to low levels of toxic metabolites (MTZ or oxygen) before they reach DNA-damaging levels.
Journal of bacteriology.J Bacteriol.2014 Feb;196(4):729-39. doi: 10.1128/JB.01047-13. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
Metronidazole (MTZ) is often used in combination therapies to treat infections caused by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Resistance to MTZ results from loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding RdxA and FrxA nitroreductases. MTZ-resistant strains, when cultured at sub-MICs of MTZ (5 to
PMID 24296668

Manganese-induced oxidative stress in two ontogenetic stages of chamomile and amelioration by nitric oxide.

Kováčik J1, Babula P2, Hedbavny J3, Svec P3.Author information 1Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jozkovacik@yahoo.com.2Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.3Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.AbstractImpact of manganese (Mn(2+)) excess (100, 500 and 1000μM over 7 days) on two ontogenetic stages (7-week-old plants and 7-day-old seedlings) of Matricaria chamomilla was compared. Mn excess depressed growth of seedlings (but not germination) and stimulated oxidative stress (ROS and lipid peroxidation) in both plants and seedlings. Growth inhibition could be evoked by higher Mn uptake and higher translocation factor in seedlings than in plants. Total thiols staining revealed elevation in almost all treatments. In 7-week-old plants, activity of peroxidases increased slightly and rather decreased under high Mn doses. Superoxide rather than hydrogen peroxide contributed to visualized ROS presence. Fluorescence of nitric oxide (NO) showed stimulation in plants but decrease in seedlings. Impact of exogenous nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside/SNP) was therefore tested and results showed amelioration of 1000μM Mn-induced oxidative stress in seedlings (decrease in H2O2 and increase in NO content while antioxidative enzyme activities were variably affected) concomitantly with depleted Mn accumulation. It is concluded that NO participates in tolerance to Mn excess but negative effects of the highest SNP dose were also observed. Extensive fluorescence microscopy is also explanatively discussed.
Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology.Plant Sci.2014 Feb;215-216:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Nov 2.
Impact of manganese (Mn(2+)) excess (100, 500 and 1000μM over 7 days) on two ontogenetic stages (7-week-old plants and 7-day-old seedlings) of Matricaria chamomilla was compared. Mn excess depressed growth of seedlings (but not germination) and stimulated oxidative stress (ROS and lipid peroxidatio
PMID 24388509

Japanese Journal

Flotation Behavior of Arsenopyrite and Pyrite, and Their Selective Separation

Park Kyuhyeong,Choi Junhyun,Gomez-Flores Allan,Kim Hyunjung
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS advpub(0), 2015
… The analysis result showed that this was caused by poor adsorption with xanthate, due to sulfate ion (SO42−) that was generated by the oxidation of pyrite surface in reaction with oxygen in pulp at pH 4. … in turn, this depressed the floatability of arsenopyrite. …
NAID 130004825329

Flotation Behavior of Arsenopyrite and Pyrite, and Their Selective Separation

Park Kyuhyeong,Choi Junhyun,Gomez-Flores Allan [他],Kim Hyunjung
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 56(3), 435-440, 2015
… The analysis result showed that this was caused by poor adsorption with xanthate, due to sulfate ion (SO42−) that was generated by the oxidation of pyrite surface in reaction with oxygen in pulp at pH 4. … in turn, this depressed the floatability of arsenopyrite. …
NAID 130004825281

Triiodothyronine Activates Lactate Oxidation Without Impairing Fatty Acid Oxidation and Improves Weaning From Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Kajimoto Masaki,Ledee Dolena R.,Xu Chun,Kajimoto Hidemi,Isern Nancy G.,Portman Michael A.
Circulation Journal 78(12), 2867-2875, 2014
… ECMO depressed circulating T3 levels to 40% of the baseline at 4 h and were restored in Group-IR-T3. …
NAID 130004701549