WordNet

a plane figure with rounded sides curving inward at the top and intersecting at the bottom; conventionally used on playing cards and valentines; "he drew a heart and called it a valentine"
the courage to carry on; "he kept fighting on pure spunk"; "you havent got the heart for baseball" (同)mettle, nerve, spunk
an inclination or tendency of a certain kind; "he had a change of heart" (同)spirit
a playing card in the major suit that has one or more red hearts on it; "he led the queen of hearts"; "hearts were trumps"
the locus of feelings and intuitions; "in your heart you know it is true"; "her story would melt your bosom" (同)bosom
the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body; "he stood still, his heart thumping wildly" (同)pump, ticker
a firm rather dry variety meat (usually beef or veal); "a five-pound beef heart will serve six"
able to perceive sound
an opportunity to state your case and be heard; "they condemned him without a hearing"; "he saw that he had lost his audience" (同)audience
(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence
the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired" (同)audition, auditory sense, sense of hearing, auditory modality
a session (of a committee or grand jury) in which witnesses are called and testimony is taken; "the investigative committee will hold hearings in Chicago"
receive a communication from someone; "We heard nothing from our son for five years"
examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process; "The jury had heard all the evidence"; "The case will be tried in California" (同)try
perceive (sound) via the auditory sense
an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『心臓』;胸 / 〈C〉(感情の中心をなす)『心』,気持ち / 〈U〉愛情,同情 / 〈U〉『勇気』,元気,熱意 / 《the ~》『中心』,内部,(物事の)本質,核心 / 〈C〉ハート形の物;(カードの)ハートの札
〈U〉『聴力』,聴覚〈U〉〈C〉(…を)『聞くこと』,(…の)聞き取り《+『of』+『名』》・〈C〉聞いてもらう機会,聞いてやること・聴取・聴聞会〈C〉(法廷などでの)尋問,審問,;(刑罰の減免を求める)釈明,意見陳述 / 〈U〉聞こえる距離(範囲)
〈音〉‘が'『聞こえる』,‘を'聞く(進行形にできない) / 〈人の言うこと〉‘に'『耳を傾ける』,‘を'注意深く聞く(listen);(裁判官などが)…の申し立てを聞く / 〈うわさ・ニュースなど〉‘を'『耳にしている』,聞いている / 『耳が聞こえる』 / 《しばしば命令形で》耳を傾ける,注意を向ける / 『うわさ』(『消息』)『を聞く』
(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/27 10:15:57」(JST)

wiki en

Cyanotic heart defect is a group-type of congenital heart defects (CHDs) that occurs due to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic circulation or a mixture of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation. It is caused by structural defects of the heart (i.e.:right-to-left, bidirectional shunting, malposition of the great arteries), or any condition which increases pulmonary vascular resistance. The result being the development of collateral circulation.

Signs and symptoms

Clubbing
The patient assuming a crouching position
Cyanosis - facial discolouration (particularly the lips) and digit discolouration (fingers & toes).
Crying
Crabbiness/irritability
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
A history of inadequate feeding.
Unusually large toe & fingernails.
Delayed development (both biological & psychological).

Categories/Classifications

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA)
Truncus arteriosus (Persistent)
Tricuspid atresia
Interrupted aortic arch
Pulmonary atresia (PA)
Pulmonary stenosis (critical)
Eisenmenger syndrome (reversal of shunt due to pulmonary hypertension) .
Patent ductus arteriosus may cause cyanosis in late stage^[1]

Pharmacological Treatment & Management

Morphine during Tet spells to decrease associated infundibular spasm.
Prophylactic: Propranolol/Inderall
Prostaglandin E (to keep the ductus arteriosus patent)
Prophylactic antibiotic to prevent endocarditis
Surgery

Non Cyanotic Heart Defects

Non cyanotic heart defects are more common because of higher survival. In these the shunt is initially from left (oxygenated) to right ( non oxygenated). These are

Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Coarctation of aorta (may cause cyanosis in some cases)
Double outlet left/right ventricle

References

^ Page Elizabeth D Agabegi; Agabegi, Steven S. (2008). Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7153-6.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 新生児におけるチアノーゼ性心疾患の診断および初期マネージメント diagnosis and initial management of cyanotic heart disease in the newborn
2. 新生児におけるチアノーゼの心臓の原因 cardiac causes of cyanosis in the newborn
3. 成人におけるチアノーゼ性先天性心疾患の内科的マネージメント medical management of cyanotic congenital heart disease in adults
4. Newborn screening for critical congenital heart disease using pulse oximetry
5. 重症先天性心疾患を有する新生児の識別 identifying newborns with critical congenital heart disease

English Journal

Prevalence of post-thrombotic syndrome after cardiac catheterization.

Luceri MJ1, Tala JA2, Weismann CG1, Silva CT3, Faustino EV1.
Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2015 Jul;62(7):1222-7. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25438. Epub 2015 Feb 8.
BACKGROUND: As the survival of children with cardiac disease increases, chronic complications of deep venous thrombosis from cardiac catheterization, particularly post-thrombotic syndrome, may be important to monitor for and treat, if needed. We aimed to determine the prevalence of this syndrome in
PMID 25663038

Heart failure in adult congenital heart disease: Emerging concepts with a focus on tetralogy of Fallot.

Wald RM1, Marie Valente A2, Marelli A3.
Trends in cardiovascular medicine.Trends Cardiovasc Med.2015 Jul;25(5):422-432. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.11.011. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
Emerging heart failure (HF) concepts in the growing population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are reviewed in the following article with a focus on individuals with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the largest group of adults with repaired cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). In the fi
PMID 25630927

Incidence and predictors of cardiac catheterisation-related arterial thrombosis in children.

Brotschi B1, Hug MI1, Kretschmar O2, Rizzi M3, Albisetti M4.
Heart (British Cardiac Society).Heart.2015 Jun 15;101(12):948-53. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306713. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
OBJECTIVE: Arterial thrombosis is one of the most reported complications of cardiac catheterisation (CC) in children. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of arterial thrombosis in children with cardiac diseases (CDs).METHODS: During 12 consecutive months, all children a
PMID 25616691

Japanese Journal

チアノーゼについて

立野滋
日本小児循環器学会雑誌 31(3), 95-101, 2015
チアノーゼとは皮膚・粘膜の青紫色変化で，中枢性ないし末梢性チアノーゼでは毛細血管内血液の還元ヘモグロビン濃度が5 g/dl以上になると出現し，血液性チアノーゼでは異常ヘモグロビン血症が原因となる．チアノーゼの出現に際しては，様々な要素に影響されるため，必ずしも低酸素血症と同義ではない．チアノーゼが長期間持続するチアノーゼ性心疾患やアイゼンメンゲル症候群では，種々の全身合併症が発生するため，適切な管 …
NAID 130005074638

チアノーゼ腎症の病理

本田一穂,小田秀明,西川俊郎
東京女子医科大学雑誌 84(E2), E237-E243, 2014-03-31
… チアノーゼ腎症(cyanotic nephropathy: CN)は、チアノーゼ型先天性心疾患(cyanotic congenital heart disease: CCHD)に合併する腎障害である。 …
NAID 110009770490

主要体肺側副血行を有する小児の中長期的予後

伊藤健一郎,青墳裕之,中島弘道,東浩二,江畑亮太,脇口定衛,藤原直,青木満,萩野生男,山本昇,中村祐希,榎本吉倫,杉村洋子
日本小児循環器学会雑誌 = Acta cardiologica paediatrica Japonica 29(1), 27-33, 2013-01-01
背景:主要体肺側副血行(MAPCA)を有する先天性心疾患は多岐にわたり, その臨床経過には不明な点が多い. 方法:1988年10月以降2011年6月までに経験したMAPCAを有する先天性心疾患患者を対象に, その臨床像を後方視的に検討した. 結果 …
NAID 10031201878