WordNet
- trace a line through or across; "cross your `t"
- any affliction that causes great suffering; "that is his cross to bear"; "he bears his afflictions like a crown of thorns" (同)crown_of_thorns
- a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece
- extending or lying across; in a crosswise direction; at right angles to the long axis; "cross members should be all steel"; "from the transverse hall the stairway ascends gracefully"; "transversal vibrations"; "transverse colon" (同)transverse, transversal, thwartwise
- to cover or extend over an area or time period; "Rivers traverse the valley floor", "The parking lot spans 3 acres"; "The novel spans three centuries" (同)traverse, span, sweep
- fold so as to resemble a cross; "she crossed her legs"
- meet and pass; "the trains crossed"
- an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
- placed crosswise; "spoken with a straight face but crossed fingers"; "crossed forks"; "seated with arms across"
- (of a check) marked for deposit only as indicated by having two lines drawn across it
- a long racket with a triangular frame; used in playing lacrosse
- (of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉(昔,罪人のはりつけの刑に用いた)『十字架』 / 《the C-》キリストがはりつけになった十字架;キリスト教の象徴としての十字架 / 〈C〉十字(キリスト教徒が右手で切る) / 〈C〉イエスのために耐える苦しみ,受難 / 〈C〉十字架像;(紋章などの)十字形 / 〈C〉キリスト教信仰;《集合的に》キリスト教徒 / 〈C〉十字記号(crisscross)(+または×) / 〈C〉《修飾語を伴って》十字勲章 / 《『the Cross』》南十字星(the Southern Cross) / 〈C〉(動物・植物の)(…間の)異種交配;雑種《+『between』+『名』+『and』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(ボクシングの)クロスパンチ / (信仰のしるしとして)〈人・自分〉‘に'『十字を切る』 / …'を'『交差させる』(『する』) / …‘に'『交差させて線を引く』;《英》〈小切手〉‘に'線引きする;…'を'横線(×印)をつけて消す《+『名』+『out』(『off』),+『out』(『off』)+『名』》 / …'を'『横切る』,横断する,渡る / 〈心〉'を'よぎる,‘に'ふと浮かぶ / …‘と'すれ違う,行き違う / …'を'妨げる,‘の'じゃまをする / …'を'交配する / 『交差する』,交わる / (…へ)『横切る』,渡る《+『over to』+『名』》 / すれ違いになる / 〈動物・植物が〉交配する,雑種になる / おこりっぽい,ふきげんな / (風が)反対の / 十文字に交差した,横切った
- 反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の
- (十字形に)交差した / 十字を引いてある,線引きの
- クロス(ラクロス(lacrosse)競技用のラケット)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/05/18 10:00:26」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The crossed extensor reflex is a withdrawal reflex.
When the reflex occurs the flexors in the withdrawing limb contract and the extensors relax, while in the other limb, the opposite occurs.[1]
An example of this is when a person steps on a nail, the leg that is stepping on the nail pulls away, while the other leg takes the weight of the whole body.[2]
The crossed extensor reflex is contralateral, meaning the reflex occurs on the opposite side of the body from the stimulus.
To produce this reflex, branches of the afferent nerve fibers cross from the stimulated side of the body to the contralateral side of the spinal cord. There, they synapse with interneurons, which, in turn, excite or inhibit alpha motor neurons to the muscles of the contralateral limb.
In the ipsilateral leg (the one which steps on the nail), the flexors contract and the extensors relax to lift the leg from the ground. On the contralateral side, the flexors relax and the extensors contract to stiffen the leg since it must suddenly support the entire weight of the body. At the same time, signals travel up the spinal cord and cause contraction of the contralateral muscles of the hip and abdomen to shift the body’s center of gravity over the extended leg. To a large extent, the coordination of all these muscles and maintenance of equilibrium is mediated by the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.[3]
References
- ^ Seeley, Rod; Stephens, Trent; Philip Tate (1992). "13". In Allen, Deborah. Anatomy and Physiology (2 ed.). Mosby-Year Book, Inc. p. 405. ISBN 0-8016-4832-7.
- ^ Solomon; Schmidt; Adragna (1990). "13". In Carol, Field. Human Anatomy & physiology (2 ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 470. ISBN 0-03-011914-6.
- ^ Saladin, Kenneth. Anatomy & Physiology. McGraw Hill: 2009.
Nervous system physiology: neurophysiology - reflex
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Cranial nerve |
- midbrain: Pupillary light reflex
- Accommodation reflex
pons/medulla: Jaw jerk reflex
- Corneal reflex
- Caloric reflex test/Vestibulo-ocular reflex/Oculocephalic reflex
- Pharyngeal (gag) reflex
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Stretch reflexes |
- upper limb: Biceps reflex C5/C6
- Brachioradialis reflex C6
- Triceps reflex C7/C8
lower limb: Patellar reflex L2-L4
- Ankle jerk reflex S1/S2
- Plantar reflex L5-S2
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Primitive reflexes |
- Galant
- Gastrocolic
- Grasp
- Moro
- Rooting
- Stepping
- Sucking
- Tonic neck
- Parachute
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Superficial reflexes |
- Abdominal reflex
- Cremasteric reflex
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Lists |
- general
- alphabetical
- by organ
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Cardiovascular |
- Bainbridge reflex
- Bezold-Jarisch reflex
- Coronary reflex
- Mammalian diving reflex
- Oculocardiac reflex
Baroreflex
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- Reflex bradycardia
- Reflex tachycardia
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Respiratory
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Other |
- Acoustic reflex
- H-reflex
- Golgi tendon reflex
- Optokinetic
- Startle reaction
- Withdrawal reflex (Crossed extensor reflex)
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anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Hoover's sign: Clinical relevance in Neurology.
- Mehndiratta MM1, Kumar M, Nayak R, Garg H, Pandey S.
- Journal of postgraduate medicine.J Postgrad Med.2014 Jul-Sep;60(3):297-9. doi: 10.4103/0022-3859.138769.
- Hoover's sign was described by Dr. Charles Franklin Hoover more than 100 years back to differentiate between the organic and functional weakness of pyramidal origin. This test is usually performed in the lower limbs and is valuable when on bedside one is not sure about the nature of hemiparesis. A s
- PMID 25121372
- Maternal genotype influences behavioral development of 3×Tg-AD mouse pups.
- Blaney CE1, Gunn RK, Stover KR, Brown RE.
- Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2013 Sep 1;252:40-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.033. Epub 2013 May 24.
- Transgenic mice are a valuable tool in the investigation of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. The triple transgenic mouse (3×Tg-AD) is a model of Alzheimer's disease that possesses age-related amyloid beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and cell death as well as cognitive d
- PMID 23711927
- Adaptive behaviour of the spinal cord in the transition from quiet stance to walking.
- Serrao M1, Ranavolo A, Andersen OK, Conte C, Don R, Cortese F, Mari S, Draicchio F, Padua L, Sandrini G, Pierelli F.
- BMC neuroscience.BMC Neurosci.2012 Jul 16;13:80.
- BACKGROUND: Modulation of nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) excitability was evaluated during gait initiation in 10 healthy subjects to investigate how load- and movement-related joint inputs activate lower spinal centres in the transition from quiet stance to walking. A motion analysis system int
- PMID 22800397
Japanese Journal
- Effect of Alpha-Chloralose on Disposition and Pharmacological Action of Orally Administered Chlorzoxazone in Rats
- KANEKO Ikue,TAKEUCHI Yoshikazu,FUKUMORI Yoshinobu,FUKUDA Tomoaki
- Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics 14(8), 429-434, 1991-08
- … The pharmacological response intensity of CZX on the crossed extensor reflex was closely related to the plasma concentration data via Hill's equation under alpha-chloralose (80 mg/kg) anesthesia, but not at a 150 mg/kg dose. …
- NAID 110003637435
- Relation of Disposition Kinetics to Pharmacological Effect of Intravenous Administration of Chlorzoxazone in Rats
- KANEKO Ikue,FUKUMORI Yoshinobu,FUKUDA Tomoaki,TAKEUCHI Yoshikazu
- Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics 13(6), 367-373, 1990-06
- … The pharmacological response intensity was determined by means of the crossed extensor reflex. …
- NAID 110003663135
Related Links
- The crossed extensor reflex is a withdrawal reflex. When the reflex occurs the flexors in the withdrawing limb contract and the extensors relax, while in the other limb, the opposite occurs. An example of this is when a person steps on a nail, the ...
- 6 Feb 2008 ... This is a step by step description of the crossed extensor reflex.
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- crossed extension reflex、crossed extensor reflex
[★]
- 関
- crossed extensor reflex
[★]
- 関
- crossbred、crossbreeding、crossing、crossing over、crosslink、crossreact、decussation、hybridization、hybridize、intersect、intersection、pass、pass through、passage、transect、transit、transversal、transverse
[★]
- 関
- reflect、reflection、reflective
[★]
- 関
- crossing