(タンパク質や糖を結合したワクチン)結合型ワクチン、結合ワクチン

WordNet

undergo conjugation
unite chemically so that the product is easily broken down into the original compounds
formed by the union of two compounds; "a conjugated protein" (同)conjugated
of an organic compound; containing two or more double bonds each separated from the other by a single bond (同)conjugated
joined together especially in a pair or pairs (同)conjugated, coupled
(of a pinnate leaflet) having only one pair of leaflets
add inflections showing person, number, gender, tense, aspect, etc.; "conjugate the verb"
immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies (同)vaccinum

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈動詞〉'を'活用(変化)させる / 〈動詞が〉活用(変化)する / 〈単細胞生物が〉接合する / (特に対になって)結合した,接合の
牛痘種,痘苗(牛痘を起こすビールスで,天然痘予防のために人体に接種される) / (伝染病の病原菌から作った)ワクチン

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/20 18:07:38」(JST)

wiki en

A conjugate vaccine is created by covalently attaching a poor (polysaccharide organism) antigen to a carrier protein (preferably from the same microorganism), thereby conferring the immunological attributes of the carrier on the attached antigen. This technique for the creation of an effective immunogen is most often applied to bacterial polysaccharides for the prevention of invasive bacterial disease.

The immune response

Further information: immune system for a general discussion. This article describes aspects needed to understand conjugate vaccines.

During immune recognition of foreign molecules, the external environment is sampled by naive B cells and dendritic cells which have surface receptors that internalize proteins leading to proteolytic digestion. Some of the resulting peptide fragments (T cell epitopes) are reexpressed on the cell surface in association with MHC II molecules. This "loaded" MHC II may be recognized by complementary T cells that are then stimulated to release cytokines. The cytokines stimulate the pre-B cell to do a number of different things. The cell will mature to an antibody-secreting B cell, replicate itself to an enormous extent, follow a maturation pathway that results in improvement of the antibody structure and production of long lived memory B cells. Maturation is responsible for two hallmarks of the immune response: the production of high affinity antibodies and the creation of memory of prior exposure (anamnestic response). Because the immune response is aided by T cells, proteins are "T-dependent antigens".^{[citation needed]}

If the foreign molecule is not a protein, then proteolyic digestion can not occur and the T-dependent pathway described above does not operate. An antigen-specific antibody response can still occur if the antigen has a repetitive structure (i.e. polysaccharide) or is arranged in a repetitive manner (i.e. proteins arranged on a viral capsid) leading these to be called T-independent antigens. Young children have been shown to be unresponsive to T-independent antigens, leaving them particularly susceptible to infection by encapsulated bacteria and certain viral pathogens.^{[citation needed]}

It was recognized early in the 20th century that attaching a hapten to a carrier protein made the hapten immunogenic. This was extended in the work of Harold Jennings, John Robbins and others to polysaccharides. Polysaccharide conjugates bind to polysaccharide-specific pre-B cells and are taken up. Once inside the cell, the protein portion is digested to release T cell epitopes that result in T cell help. The polysaccharide is converted to a T-dependent antigen by the simultaneous presence of the carrier protein.^{[citation needed]}

This technique has allowed the production of several commercially and medically important vaccines (various capsule types of H. influenza, N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae), as well as numerous experimental vaccines.^{[citation needed]}

References

External links

http://nichddirsage.nichd.nih.gov:8080/ar2004/pages/ldmi/biot.htm
http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/education/sti-1990s_jennings_e.html

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における肺炎球菌（肺炎レンサ球菌）結合型ワクチン pneumococcal streptococcus pneumoniae conjugate vaccines in children
2. インフルエンザ菌感染の予防 prevention of haemophilus influenzae infection
3. 髄膜炎菌ワクチン meningococcal vaccines
4. 最新の診療アップデート practice changing updates
5. 米国の幼児に対する肺炎球菌（肺炎レンサ球菌）結合型ワクチンを用いた一般的な予防注射が及ぼす影響 impact of universal infant immunization with pneumococcal streptococcus pneumoniae conjugate vaccines in the united states

English Journal

Effects of solution conditions on characteristics and size exclusion chromatography of pneumococcal polysaccharides and conjugate vaccines.

Hadidi M1, Buckley JJ2, Zydney AL3.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Nov 5;152:12-8. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.095. Epub 2016 Jun 25.
Molecular properties of bacterial polysaccharides and protein-polysaccharide conjugates play an important role in the efficiency and immunogenicity of the final vaccine product. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is commonly used to analyze and characterize biopolymers, including capsular polysacch
PMID 27516244

The next-generation nicotine vaccine: a novel and potent hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine.

Hu Y1, Smith D1, Frazier E1, Hoerle R1, Ehrich M2, Zhang C3.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2016 Nov;106:228-39. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.028. Epub 2016 Aug 18.
Owing to the urgent need for more effective treatment against nicotine addiction, a hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine (NanoNiccine) was developed in this study. NanoNiccine was composed of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) core, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as an adjuvant protein
PMID 27569868

Immunogenicity of MenACWY-CRM in Korean Military Recruits: Influence of Tetanus-Diphtheria Toxoid Vaccination on the Vaccine Response to MenACWY-CRM.

Kim HW1,2, Park IH2, You S3, Yu HT3, Oh IS3, Sung PS3, Shin EC4, Kim KH1,5.
Yonsei medical journal.Yonsei Med J.2016 Nov;57(6):1511-6. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1511.
The quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-CRM) has been introduced for military recruits in Korea since 2012. This study was performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of MenACWY-CRM in Korean military recruits. In addition, the influence of tetanus-diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccination
PMID 27593883

Japanese Journal

Changes in the Features of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease after Introduction of the Seven-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in a Regional Core Hospital of Kochi, Japan

Miyahara Hiroyuki,Maruyama Hidehiko,Kanazawa Akane,Iwasaki Yuka,Shigemitsu Yusuke,Watanabe Hirokazu,Tokorodani Chiho,Miyazawa Mari,Nishiuchi Ritsuo,Kikkawa Kiyoshi
Acta Medica Okayama 69(4), 255-260, 2015-08
… Since the introduction of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in 2007, invasive pneumococcal disease has declined, but the incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A has risen worldwide. … Pediatric cases of invasive pneumococcal disease were investigated before and after vaccine introduction (January 2008 to December 2013). …
NAID 120005647401

第88回日本感染症学会学術講演会座長推薦論文小児用肺炎球菌ワクチン普及後,千葉県内で分離されたStreptococcus pneumoniaeの薬剤感受性

静野健一,高橋弘志,村田正太 [他]
感染症学雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 89(4), 437-444, 2015-07
NAID 40020549098

わが国における肺炎球菌ワクチンの定期接種化と今後の課題

川上健司,大石和徳
呼吸器内科 = Respiratory medicine 28(1), 75-80, 2015-07
NAID 40020543970

「結合ワクチン」

　　[★]

英: conjugate vaccine
関: 結合型ワクチン

「結合型ワクチン」

　　[★]

英: conjugate vaccine
関: 結合ワクチン

「pneumococcal conjugate vaccine」

　　[★]

肺炎球菌ワクチン

関: pneumococcal vaccine

「polysaccharide conjugate vaccine」

　　[★] 多糖体結合ワクチン

「conjugate」

　　[★]

n.

抱合体、接合体、複合物

vt.

(言語)(動詞)を活用/変化させる。
(化学)～を共役させる。

vi.

(生物)接合する。(言語)動詞が活用/変化する。
抱合する、接合する、結合する、共役する

adj.

関: associate、bind、binding、bond、bonding、combine、complex、conjoin、conjugated、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、couple、coupling、dock、engage、engagement、join、juncture、ligate、linkage、mating、symphysial、union、zygote、zygotic

「conjugated」

　　[★]

adj.

抱合型の、複合化の、(化学)共役した

関: conjugate、conjugation、couple、coupling

リンク元	「結合ワクチン」「結合型ワクチン」
拡張検索	「pneumococcal conjugate vaccine」「polysaccharide conjugate vaccine」
関連記事	「conjugate」「conjugated」

匿名

検索

案内

案内

conjugate vaccine