WordNet

mentally confused; unable to think with clarity or act intelligently; "the flood of questions left her bewildered and confused"
lacking orderly continuity; "a confused set of instructions"; "a confused dream about the end of the world"; "disconnected fragments of a story"; "scattered thoughts" (同)disconnected, disjointed, disordered, garbled, illogical, scattered, unconnected
having lost your bearings; confused as to time or place or personal identity; "I frequently find myself disoriented when I come up out of the subway"; "the anesthetic left her completely disoriented" (同)disoriented, lost
in a confused manner; "Queen Augusta wrote him an hysterical letter in which she confusedly sympathised with him"
be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly; "These questions confuse even the experts"; "This question completely threw me"; "This question befuddled even the teacher" (同)throw, fox, befuddle, fuddle, bedevil, confound, discombobulate
make unclear, indistinct, or blurred; "Her remarks confused the debate"; "Their words obnubilate their intentions" (同)blur, obscure, obnubilate
mistake one thing for another; "you are confusing me with the other candidate"; "I mistook her for the secretary" (同)confound
cause to feel embarrassment; "The constant attention of the young man confused her" (同)flurry, disconcert, put off

PrepTutorEJDIC

困惑した,まごついた / ごっちゃになった,混乱した;(思考・言葉など)支離滅裂の
(…と)'を'『混同する』,取り違える《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈人〉'を'『とまどわせる』,当惑させる / 〈論点・情況・順序など〉'を'混乱させる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/06 20:42:21」(JST)

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"Confusion" redirects here. For other uses, see Confusion (disambiguation).

For the Wikipedia “not to be confused with...” template, see Template:Confused.

Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, noun of action from confundere "to pour together", or "to mingle together"^[1] also "to confuse") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind about something:^[1]

Medical term[edit]

"Acute Mental Confusion" is used interchangeably with Delirium^[2] in International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and Medical Subject Headings to describe a pathological degree in which it usually refers to loss of orientation (ability to place oneself correctly in the world by time,^[3] location,^[3] and/or personal identity^[3]) sometimes accompanied by disordered consciousness^[3] and often memory (ability to correctly recall previous events or learn new material). Confusion as such is not synonymous with inability to focus attention, although severe inability to focus attention can cause, or greatly contribute to, confusion. Together, confusion and inability to focus attention (both of which affect judgment) are the twin symptoms of a loss or lack of normal brain function (cognition).^{[citation needed]} The milder degrees of confusion as pathological symptoms are relative to previous function. Thus (for example) a mathematician confused about manipulation of simple fractions may be showing pathology which would not be diagnosable in a person without training in this area. Thus, as with the case of delirium, the minor degrees of pathological confusion cannot be diagnosed without knowledge of a person's "baseline", or normal, level of mental functioning.^{[citation needed]}

Signs and symptoms[edit]

Confusion is a symptom, and it may range from mild to severe. The confused state may include jumbled or disorganized thought and unusual, bizarre, or aggressive behaviors. A person who is confused may have difficulty solving problems or tasks, especially those known to have been previously easy for the person and an inability to recognize family members or familiar objects, or to give approximate location of family members not present. As well, they may appear to be disoriented, drowsy, hyperactive, or anxious. In severe cases, the person may have hallucinations, feelings of paranoia, and a state of delirium.

Causes[edit]

Confusion may result from drug side effects.^[4]

Confusion may result from a relatively sudden brain dysfunction. Acute confusion is often called delirium (also called acute confusional state^[5]), although delirium also includes a broader array of disorders than confusion, e.g. inability to focus attention and various impairments in awareness and temporal and spatial orientation.

Confusion may also result from chronic organic brain pathologies such as dementia. In either case, confusion is usually associated with some degree of loss of ability to focus attention, but (as noted) the association is not invariable, especially for lesser degrees of impairment.^{[citation needed]}

Many health problems may cause the syndromes of delirium or dementia. These syndromes may also occur together, and both of them usually include the symptom of confusion. Since mental function is extremely sensitive to health, the appearance of either a new confused state, or a new loss of ability to focus attention (delirium), may indicate that a new physical or mental illness has appeared, or that a chronic physical or mental illness has progressed (become more severe).^{[citation needed]}

Differential diagnosis[edit]

Further information: Differential diagnosis

The most common causes of drug induced acute confusion are dopaminergic drugs used for Parkinson's disease, diuretics, tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines. The elderly and especially those with pre-existing dementia are at most risk for drug induced acute confusional states.^[6]

New research is finding a link between Vitamin D deficiencies and cognitive impairment which includes memory loss and a foggy brain.^[7]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/confusion
^ http://www.symptomfind.com/symptoms/confusion/
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d thefreedictionary.com > confusion (redirected from mental confusion) Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc.
^ Waters, Jo. "Why don't GPS warn you that statins can harm your memory?". Daily Mail.
^ patient.co.uk > Acute Confusional State Writer: Dr Gurvinder Rull. Document ID: 1714. Document Version: 22. Document Reference: bgp2104. Last Updated: 13 Jan 2009
^ Hufschmidt, A.; Shabarin, V.; Zimmer, T. (Dec 2009). "Drug-induced confusional states: the usual suspects?". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 120 (6): 436–8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01174.x. PMID 19804475.
^ Third Age Vitamin D Deficiency

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Confusion.

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National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health

UpToDate Contents

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1. せん妄および錯乱状態の診断 diagnosis of delirium and confusional states
2. 救急外来における異常行動の評価 evaluation of abnormal behavior in the emergency department
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4. せん妄および急性錯乱状態：予防、治療、および予後 delirium and acute confusional states prevention treatment and prognosis
5. 潜在性毒素曝露を認める小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with occult toxic exposure

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… At that day they were confused by rumors, and suspected each other. …
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