WordNet

the spatial property of being crowded together (同)density, denseness, tightness, compactness
bringing together military forces
strengthening the concentration (as of a solute in a mixture) by removing diluting material
the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume
complete attention; intense mental effort (同)engrossment, absorption, immersion
increase in density
the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else (同)dependance, dependency

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…への)(光線・注意などの)集中;(仕事などへの)専念,専心《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(人口などの)集中 / 〈U〉濃縮;〈液体の〉濃度
(…に)頼ること,(…への)依存,依頼《+『on(upon)』+『名』》 / (…への)信頼,信用《+『on』+『名』》

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1. 副腎疾患におけるレニン-アンギオテンシン-アルドステロン系の評価 assays of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system in adrenal disease
2. 性腺機能低下を呈する男性の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of male hypogonadism
3. 鎌状ヘモグロビン多量体：構造と機能特性 sickle hemoglobin polymer structure and functional properties
4. アルコール使用障害：疫学、病因、臨床症状、有害事象、および診断 risky drinking and alcohol use disorder epidemiology pathogenesis clinical manifestations course assessment and diagnosis
5. 総血清カルシウムとイオン化血清カルシウム濃度の相関 relation between total and ionized serum calcium concentrations

English Journal

Naltrexone-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] polymeric microspheres for the treatment of alcohol dependence: in vitro characterization and in vivo biocompatibility assessment.

Pagar KP, Vavia PR.Author information Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra , TEQIP Phase II Funded, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra , India.AbstractAbstract The poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer was applied in the present investigation as polymeric carrier to fabricate naltrexone (NTX)-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres in the single emulsion solvent evaporation technique for the long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Newly synthesized poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer exhibited diminished crystallanity, good biocompatibility and favorable biodegradability to be explored for drug delivery application. Scanning Electron Microscopy study revealed smooth and spherical-shaped NTX-loaded polymeric microspheres with a mean size of 10-90 µm. Influence of various decisive formulation variables such as amount of polymer, stabilizer concentration, homogenization speed, homogenization time, drug loading and organic-to-aqueous phase ratio on particle size, and entrapment efficiency was studied. Differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffractometry study confirmed the drug entrapment within polymer matrix into the microsphere environment. In vitro drug release showed the sustained drug release of formulation for the period of 28 d giving biphasic release pattern. Histological examination of NTX-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres injected intramuscularly into the thigh muscle of Wistar rats showed minimal inflammatory reaction, demonstrating that NTX-loaded microspheres were biocompatible. Insignificant increase in the serum creatine phosphokinase level (p < 0.05) as compared with the normal value revealed good muscle compatibility of the poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microsphere system. Biocompatible nature and sustained drug-release action of poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres may have potential application in depot therapy.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Jun;19(4):385-94. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.784334. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
Abstract The poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer was applied in the present investigation as polymeric carrier to fabricate naltrexone (NTX)-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres in the single emulsion solvent evaporation technique for the long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Newly synthesized poly[
PMID 23590187

Unsubstituted phenothiazine as a superior water-insoluble mediator for oxidases.

Sekretaryova AN, Vagin MY, Beni V, Turner AP, Karyakin AA.Author information Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.AbstractThe mediation of oxidases glucose oxidase (GOx), lactate oxidase (LOx) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) by a new electron shuttling mediator, unsubstituted phenothiazine (PTZ), was studied. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating-disk electrode measurements in nonaqueous media were used to determine the diffusion characteristics of the mediator and the kinetics of its reaction with GOx, giving a second-order rate constant of 7.6 × 10(3)-2.1 × 10(4)M(-1)s(-1) for water-acetonitrile solutions containing 5-15% water. These values are in the range reported for commonly used azine-type mediators, indicating that PTZ is able to function as an efficient mediator. PTZ and GOx, LOx and ChOx were successfully co-immobilised in sol-gel membrane on a screen-printed electrode to construct glucose, lactate and cholesterol biosensors, respectively, which were then optimised in terms of stability and sensitivity. The electrocatalytic oxidation responses showed a dependence on substrate concentration ranging from 0.6 to 32 mM for glucose, from 19 to 565 mM for lactate and from 0.015 to 1.0mM for cholesterol detection. Oxidation of substrates on the surface of electrodes modified with PTZ and enzyme membrane was investigated with double-step chronoamperometry and the results showed that the PTZ displays excellent electrochemical catalytic activities even when immobilised on the surface of the electrode.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Mar 15;53:275-82. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.071. Epub 2013 Oct 10.
The mediation of oxidases glucose oxidase (GOx), lactate oxidase (LOx) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) by a new electron shuttling mediator, unsubstituted phenothiazine (PTZ), was studied. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating-disk electrode measurements in nonaqueous media were used to determine the diffu
PMID 24144558

Signal-on photoelectrochemical biosensor for microRNA detection based on Bi2S3 nanorods and enzymatic amplification.

Wang M, Yin H, Shen N, Xu Z, Sun B, Ai S.Author information College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Taian, Shandong, PR China.AbstractIn this work, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was fabricated for sensitive and specific detection of microRNA based on Bi2S3 nanorods and enzymatic signal amplification. Using the catalytic effect of alkaline phosphatase on l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium salt (AAP), ascorbic acid (AA) was in situ generated and used as electron donor. Based on this, a signal-on protocol was successively achieved for microRNAs detection due to the dependence of photocurrent response on the concentration of electron donor of AA. The results demonstrated that the photocurrent response enhanced with increasing the hybridized concentration of microRNA. Under the amplification of the immunogold labeled streptavidin (SA-AuNPs), a low detection limit of 1.67 fM was obtained. The fabricated biosensor showed good detection stability and specificity, and it could discriminate only one-base mismatched microRNA sequence. Moreover, the down-regulated expression of microRNA-21 in DF-1 chicken fibroblast cells infected with subgroup J avian leukemia virus (ALVs) was confirmed by the developed method, indicating that microRNA-21 might be a new biomarker for avian leukemia. This work opens a different perspective for microRNAs detection and early diagnose of avian leukemia.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Mar 15;53:232-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.069. Epub 2013 Oct 4.
In this work, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was fabricated for sensitive and specific detection of microRNA based on Bi2S3 nanorods and enzymatic signal amplification. Using the catalytic effect of alkaline phosphatase on l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium salt (AAP), ascorbic acid (AA)
PMID 24141112