保菌状態

WordNet

express in words; "He said that he wanted to marry her"; "tell me what is bothering you"; "state your opinion"; "state your name" (同)say, tell
a state of depression or agitation; "he was in such a state you just couldnt reason with him"
the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"
a politically organized body of people under a single government; "the state has elected a new president"; "African nations"; "students who had come to the nations capitol"; "the countrys largest manufacturer"; "an industrialized land" (同)nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body_politic
the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; "his state is in the deep south" (同)province
the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state; "the state has lowered its income tax"
an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction
(genetics) an organism that possesses a recessive gene whose effect is masked by a dominant allele; the associated trait is not apparent but can be passed on to offspring
a rack attached to a vehicle; for carrying luggage or skis or the like
a self-propelled wheeled vehicle designed specifically to carry something; "refrigerated carriers have revolutionized the grocery business"
someone whose employment involves carrying something; "the bonds were transmitted by carrier" (同)bearer, toter
a person or firm in the business of transporting people or goods or messages (同)common_carrier
(medicine) a person (or animal) who has some pathogen to which he is immune but who can pass it on to others (同)immune carrier
a boy who delivers newspapers (同)newsboy

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(人・物事の)『状態』,ありさま,様子 / 〈C〉《a ~》《話》極度の緊張状態,異常な精神状態 / 〈U〉地位,階級,身分 / 〈C〉〈U〉《しばしばS-》『国家』,国,政府 / 〈C〉《時にS-》(アメリカ・オーストラリアなどの)『州』 / 《the States》《話》『米国』 / 〈U〉威厳;公式;堂々とした様子 / 国家の,国事に関する / 《しばしばS-》《米》州の,州立の / 公式の,儀式用の
…‘を'『はっきり述べる』,公式に申し立てる / 〈当局が〉…‘を'指定する,決める
『運搬する人』;輸送業者(会社) / 運搬する物,運客車;運客設備 / (…の)媒介体,保菌者《+『of』+『名』》 / (また『aircraft carrier』)航空母艦 / (自転車・車の)荷台
決まった,規定の;定期の / はっきり述べられた,明言された;公認された

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1. B型肝炎ウイルス感染の臨床症状および自然経過 clinical manifestations and natural history of hepatitis b virus infection
2. 連鎖球菌扁桃咽頭炎の治療における抗菌薬不全 antibiotic failure in the treatment of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis
3. 成人における扁桃摘出：適応 tonsillectomy in adults indications
4. 便培養で非チフス性サルモネラが検出された患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with nontyphoidal salmonella in a stool culture
5. クロストリジウム・ディフィシル感染症：予防および管理 clostridium difficile infection prevention and control

English Journal

Physico-chemical characterization in solution and in the solid state of clonazepam complexes with native and chemically-modified cyclodextrins.

Mennini N1, Bragagni M1, Maestrelli F1, Mura P2.Author information 1Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Florence, Italy.2Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Florence, Italy. Electronic address: paola.mura@unifi.it.AbstractClonazepam (CLZ) is a benzodiazepine derivative, whose bioavailability, limited by its very poor water-solubility, could be improved by cyclodextrin complexation. However, the choice of the most proper cyclodextrin to use to fully exploit its potential favourable effects on the drug, is a critical step. Therefore, in the present work, the performance of some amorphous cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives in terms of complexing, solubilizing and amorphizing power towards CLZ was carefully evaluated and compared with that of natural CDs. The role of CD cavity size, amorphous or crystalline nature, and presence and type of substituents on its ability in producing effective interactions with the drug has been investigated. Equimolar CLZ-CD solid systems were obtained by blending, kneading, co-grinding and coevaporation. Drug-CD interactions were investigated by phase-solubility analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry. Among the natural CDs, β-CD showed the highest complexing ability, suggesting that its cavity size is the most proper to host the drug molecule. The presence of substituents had a negative effect on the performance of α-CD and γ-CD, while it improved the complexing and solubilizing power of β-CD, and the methylated derivative was more effective than the hydroxypropylated one. Solid-state studies revealed that amorphous CDs had highest amorphizing power than the corresponding natural crystalline ones, and methylated-β-CD (Me-β-CD) was the best carrier. As for the preparation method, co-grinding was the most powerful in promoting the formation of efficacious drug-CD solid-state interactions. Dissolution rate studies confirmed Me-β-CD as the best partner for CLZ and co-grinding as the best method for maximizing the drug dissolution properties. Therefore, co-ground products with Me-β-CD could be selected as the best system for future development of CLZ formulations with improved therapeutic efficacy.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2014 Feb 15;89:142-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.11.009. Epub 2013 Nov 15.
Clonazepam (CLZ) is a benzodiazepine derivative, whose bioavailability, limited by its very poor water-solubility, could be improved by cyclodextrin complexation. However, the choice of the most proper cyclodextrin to use to fully exploit its potential favourable effects on the drug, is a critical s
PMID 24291109

Compositional surface-layered sorbents for pre-concentration of organic substances in the air analysis.

Rodinkov OV1, Bugaichenko AS1, Vlasov AY2.Author information 1Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky pr., 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia.2Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky pr., 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg National Research University ITMO, 49, Kronverksky pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia. Electronic address: vlasov@nonel.pu.ru.AbstractWe juxtapose methods of synthesis of non-polar surface-layered sorbents on the platform of a carrier, which combines macro-porous coarse-dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene with micro-dispersed activated carbon. Further, we present data about the sorption properties of the said materials alongside perspectives of their analytical applications. Our study established that with respect to efficacy of dynamic sorption from gaseous phases these sorbents outperform bulk-porous analogues in their normal, granular form.
Talanta.Talanta.2014 Feb 15;119:407-11. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.040. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
We juxtapose methods of synthesis of non-polar surface-layered sorbents on the platform of a carrier, which combines macro-porous coarse-dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene with micro-dispersed activated carbon. Further, we present data about the sorption properties of the said materials alongside per
PMID 24401432

Thermally targeted p21 peptide enhances bortezomib cytotoxicity in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines.

Mikecin AM, Walker LR, Kuna M, Raucher D.Author information aDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA bDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.AbstractProstate cancer remains one of the most common malignancies in men. Besides surgical resection, treatments for prostate cancer include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Advancement of prostate cancer to an androgen-independent state limits the potential of conventional therapeutic approaches. Bortezomib, an FDA-approved proteosomal inhibitor for the treatment of myeloid leukemia, has been shown to have a positive effect on the inhibition of prostate cancer growth. Unfortunately, bortezomib has a very narrow therapeutic window, which can lead to severe side effects. Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) is a genetically engineered, thermally responsive macromolecular carrier that enables a targeted delivery of the bound molecule because of its soluble property under normal physiologic conditions. In addition, ELP aggregates in response to mild hyperthermia. Using ELP as a carrier, it is possible to improve the pharmacological properties of the therapeutic drug as well as reduce toxicity in normal tissues. In this work, we have investigated the combination treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells with bortezomib and the C-terminal part of the p21 protein bound to the ELP carrier. We have found that combination treatment with bortezomib and ELP-bound p21 protein leads to increased cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis with respect to single treatments. We believe that this approach represents a promising direction for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Anti-cancer drugs.Anticancer Drugs.2014 Feb;25(2):189-99. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000036.
Prostate cancer remains one of the most common malignancies in men. Besides surgical resection, treatments for prostate cancer include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Advancement of prostate cancer to an androgen-independent state limits the potential of conventional therapeuti
PMID 24113592

Japanese Journal

Effects of corner angle of trapezoidal and triangular channel cross-sections on electrical performance of silicon nanowire field-effect transistors with semi gate-around structure

Sato Soshi,Kakushima Kuniyuki,Ahmet Parhat,Ohmori Kenji,Natori Kenji,Yamada Keisaku,Iwai Hiroshi,大毛利健治,山田啓作
Solid-state
… Structural effects, especially corner angle of upper-corners of trapezoidal and rectangular, and triangular cross-sectional shapes of silicon nanowire field-effect transistors on effective carrier mobility and normalized inversion charge density have been investigated. … On the other hand, the effective carrier mobility dependence on the upper-corner angle seems to have an optimized point near 100° at 296 K. …
NAID 120003692520